Marxaladaha maytosis: sifooyinka ay. Macnaha qeybinta unug mitotic

wareegga unugyada - waqti ka mid qeybinta unug ku xiga. Waxay qaadataa meel laba marxaladood oo isku xigta - interphase iyo heerka ku habboon. Muddada habka this kala duwan taas oo ku xidhan nooca unugyada.

Interphase waa muddo u dhaxaysa laba kooxihii gacanta, markii laga qaybinta ee la soo dhaafay si ay u dhintaan unugyada ama luma awoodda ay u kala qaybiyaan.

In muddo this, gacanta ku koraa oo laban ay DNA, iyo sidoo kale mitochondria iyo plastids. In interphase maraa Avv borotiinka , iyo xarumaha kale ee dabiiciga ah. habka ugu culus Avv lagu muujiyay interphase Avv. Wakhtigan, chromatids nuclear double, waxa lagu kaydiyaa tamarta in loo isticmaali doonaa inta lagu guda jiro kala qeybinta. Sidoo kale, tiro sii kordhaysa oo organelles cell iyo centrioles.

Interphase degan ku dhawaad 90% ka mid ah wareegga gacanta. Ka dib markii u gudbinayaa maytosis, taas oo ah jidka ugu muhiimsan ee horyaalka heerka unugyada eukaryotic (noolaha kuwaas unugyada ku jira xuduntii a sameeyay).

At maytosis, koromosoomyada ka aruurshey oo la sameeyey qalab gaar ah, kaas oo masuul ka ah qaybinta direyska ah ee macluumaad hidde u dhexeeya unugyada in loo sameeyay by habka this.

qeybinta Cell meel dhowr marxaladood. stage mitotic lagu gartaa astaamo shaqsi iyo muddo cayiman.

Marxaladaha maytosis

Marka unugyada mari maytosis wejiyada u dhiganta maytosis: prophase, metaphase ka dib markii ay u socoto, anaphase, telophase waa final.

wajiga mitotic lagu gartaa sifooyinka soo socda:

• prophase - baaba'aan baqshadda nuclear. Marxaladan, centrioles ku fido inay ulaha cell iyo koromosoomyada aruurshey (dulfuulan);
• metaphase - Isticmaal gartaa koromosoomyada maximally is dulfuulan in ka kooban yihiin laba chromatids ee dhulbaraha (dhexda) gacanta. Tani waxay ifafaale waxaa la odhan jiray waslad khafiif ah oo metaphase. Waxaa suurto gal ah in la baaro koromosoomyada microscope ka yar ay si fiican u muujiyeen. In metaphase maytosis dhacdaa sidoo kale mid ka mid ah dhammaadka threads dunmiiqa lifaaq centromeres of koromosoomyada dhamaadka kale - si centrioles ah.
• anaphase - tusay waa kala koromosoomyada ee chromatids ah (waxay kala diraan si ay ulaha kala duwan). Sayidka chromatids noqon koromosoomyada oo kala duwan, kaas oo ka kooban kaliya hal thread chromatid;
• telophase - koromosoomyada decondensation lagu gartaa iyo formation ku wareegsan koromosoom kasta oo ka mid ah baqshadda cusub nuclear. buuxieyey dunmiiqa baaba'aan in xuduntii muuqan nucleoli. In telophase iyo cytokinesis baas, taas oo qeyb ka ah cytoplasm u dhexeeya unugyada gabadhii. Nidaamkan waxaa fuliyay in xoolaha ay sabab u qodo cholesterol gaar ah (dhexda, kuwaas oo kala qaybinaya cell laba). In unugyada dhirta habka cytokinesis saxan gacanta la siiyaa adag Golgi ah.

Waa maxay muhiimadda runta ah ee geedi socodka hawlgalka maytosis?

Marxaladaha maytosis fududeeyo gudbinta sax ah macluumaad hidde in unugyada gabadhiisa, iyadoo aan loo eegin tirada kala qaybsanaanta. Sayidka kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah midkood chromatid caawiya ilaaliyaan tirada joogta ah ee koromosoom oo ku jira oo dhan unugyada in loo sameeyay qeybi. Waxay bixisaa gudbinta maytosis set waara ee wax hidaha.