Ardayga oo ka mid ah oo uurkii Dhulka. The tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee cilmi-baarista dhulka ee

Cilmi dhul - saynis ah in daraasad halabuurka, qaab dhismeedka iyo hanaanka horumarinta gudaha meeraha ee. sayniska waxaa ka mid ah wax badan oo siyaabo. Joolajiga - qof daraasaad oo uurkii dhulka.

Asal ahaan ereyga "cilmi dhul" ah

Laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ah ee "cilmi dhul" waxa loo tarjumay sida "dhulka" iyo "waxbaridda". Asal ahaan, ereyga "cilmi dhul" - saynis ah shuruucda iyo xeerarka dalka oo - waxaa ka soo horjeeda ereyga "fiqiga" ah - sayniska nolosha ruuxiga ah.

Marka aad aragto ereyga this, ma jiraan wax taariikhda saxda ah. Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in muddo this muuqday 1603, oo loo isticmaalo inuu saynisyahan Talyaani Ulisse Aldrovandi. Qaar kale waxay aaminsan yihiin in ereyga waxaa asal ahan in 1657 saynisyahan Norway oo arday ah oo uurkii dhulka, Mikkel Pederson Eskholt, ka dibna 1778 waxa loo adeegsaday by Jean-André Deluc. Ugu dambeyntii erayga galay isticmaalka ee 1779, sababtoo ah ee Horace-Benedict de Saussure.

Taariikh dheeraad ah loo isticmaalo ereyga "geognosy" ka, waxa uu soo jeediyay ee Haseyeeshee Jarmal H. Fyukselem iyo AG Werner. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah, xilli uu ku dhacay jidhku.

Forums cilmi dhul

Cilmi dhul waa sayniska ee taariikhda. Mid ka mid ah hawlaha ay ugu muhiimsan waa in la go'aamiyo isku xigxiga ee dhacdooyinka dhulka. waxbarashada Geological kala qaybsan yihiin saddex arrimood oo waaweyn:

1. cilmi dhul sharaxaad - waxbarashada meelaynta, halabuurka, qaabka iyo cabbirka oo ka mid ah geologic jirka, dhagaxyada iyo macdan, iyo sidoo kale isku xigxiga ee dhacdo of sawmills.
2. cilmi dhul Dynamic - geeddi socodka dhulka ku lug horumar ah - burburinta dhagaxyada, socdaalka, raasamaal roobabka, dhaqdhaqaaqa dhulka ee qolof, marno, dhulgariir.
3. cilmi dhul Historical - daraasaad isku xigxiga ee geedi socodka ee la soo dhaafay dhulka ee.

Mid kasta oo ka mid ah meelaha ugu dhaqmayso mabaadiida iyo hababka cilmi ay. Iyada oo agaa of aqoonta cusub ee qaybaha cilmi dhul ballaariyo, meelaha ugu weyn ee cilmi maanta waa cilmiga soo socda:

1. sayniska ee qolof dhulka ee.
2. sayniska ee geedi socodka dhulka ee casriga ah.
3. sayniska ee taxanaha taariikhiga ah ee geedi socodka dhulka.
4. nidaamo Applied.
5. cilmi dhul Gobolka.

shaqo geologist

Inta badan, xirfad uu la xidhiidho hindiga ee safarka, dabshid iyo muusikalayda la laalo, laakiin waxa kaliya ee waa mid ka mid ah wejiyada badan. Ardayga oo ka mid ah oo uurkii dhulka, leeyahay aqoon sida qaybta ee shirkaddu ka shaqayso. Goobta shaqada waxay ku xiran tahay qaybta cilmi dhul iyo hawlaha. Tani waxay noqon kartaa duulaan ku - mawduuca daraasaddan oo duurka ku. Tani waxay noqon kartaa abuurista mashaariic ama mashaariic cilmi - falanqaynta macluumaadka la helay gudaha golaha wasiirada. In petroleum shaqo geologist xiran yahay raadinta kayd shidaal ama gaas. Volcanologist - takhasus ah oo daraasaad hawl Kobenhagen. Raadinayso a geologist-Raadiye? Asal ahaan, inuu xiiseynayo in macdanta iyo macdan. In dhismaha aqoonta lagama maarmaanka ah ee cilmi dhul injineernimada.

Cilmi dhul ee Russia

Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, ee Urals iyo Altai shaqeeyay "rudoznattsy" iyo "rudosyschiki". Waxay sameeynayeen ee sahaminta iyo soo saarka bir iyo naxaas senti, iyo dhagaxyo qaali ah iyo macdano kale.

Lomonosov ahaa arday ah oo uurkii dhulka, aasaaskiina ayuu saaray ee horumarka ah ee cilmi dhul Ruush, oon ma jidaynayey khaladaad saynisyahano Western.

In qarnigii XIX bilaabay horumarinta ganacsiga macdanta, wax loo baahan yahay u falanqeeyo. Si taas loo gaaro, in Urals ah, Eastern Siberia iyo Caucasus bilaabeen sahaminta. In koorsada of shaqo dhulka ee Caucasus ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in lacag dhigaal ah oo saliid ah, iyo birta, copper, lead, lacag ah, iyo ilo biyo ah macdanta.

horumarinta warshadaha shidaalka ka qayb qaatay sahaminta faahfaahsan in Basin Donets ah.

Haseyeeshee Ruush, ka duwan ee Western Europe, si madax banaan in fikradda ah formation of placers dahab yimid. Waxay meel ka mid ah waxbarashada ay sabab u tahay burburinta xididdada dahab-sidday.

Exploration in qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee dalka siiyey macluumaad badan oo wax waxgarashada cusub oo qaab-dhismeedka Bannaanka Ruush ah.

On ku salaysan maps Jooloojiyadda bilaabay inuu Abuuro wax maps marka hore dhulka. Dhamaadka map ugu horeysay petrographic waxaa la abuuray ee qarnigii XVIII ah.

In 1882, Guddiga Geological waxay ku sii dhisnaatay. Waxaa bilaabay baadhitaan faahfaahsan Bannaanka Ruush ah. In koorsada of shaqadan jihada cusub ee cilmi dhul - palaeogeography - saynis ah in daraasad ah xaaladaha jidhka iyo cimilada ee la soo dhaafay dhulka ee.

Shaqada ahayd inaad wax ka barato lamadegaanka, Siberia iyo Central Asia.

cilmi dhul ee Midowga Soofiyeeti

Ayado xilliga Soviet, cilmi dhul ee USSR ah ayaa soo koraya oo aad u qani. Ka dib markii October Revolution ee toogashada dhulka ee gaadhay in ka badan 35% ka mid ah dalka. By 1945, iyada oo hore u soo qabtay 66% ka mid ah gobolka.

Guutadii ayaa abaabulay oo ku saabsan Kola Peninsula, saarney Taimyr, Polar Urals, kasamayso Pechora ah, Altai Mountains iyo meelaha kale.

Deposit la ogaaday potash Solikamsk iyo Bereznyakov - mid ka mid ah kayd ugu weyn ee dunida.

Bilaabay raadinta iyo sahaminta ee kayd shidaal ee dhulka u dhaxeeya Volga iyo Urals ah. saliid qodista Deep siiyey ilihii.

Oo ay la socdaan injineerada macdanta muuqan Haseyeeshee ee u gaarka ah oo kala duwan kuwaas oo wax ka baran dhulka udubyadiisa.

Waxa uu raadiyaa geologist ah maanta? Ku dhowaad dhammaan beeraha waaweyn laga helay iyo sahamiyey. geedi socodka ka dhacaya oo uurkii dhulka, sii wadaan inay wax ka barato oo ay kobciso aqoonta cilmi dhul ah. On su'aalo badan jawaabaha la helay in jawaabaha kale ee weli. Waxa uu ahaa muddo dheer qofka daraasaad oo uurkii dhulka, barbaro macluumaad, laakiin dhalin kaliya jawaabo cusub si su'aalo cusub.