Goorma iyo kuwa been abuurtay kursiga korontada ah?

Yaa abuurtay ee kursiga korontada ah? Carpenter, koronto, aqoonyahan - fursadaha sida maskaxda ku soo. Waxaad noqon doona yaabay in la ogaado in xirfadda ee wuxuu ahaa ninka ugu kala duwan. In this article waxaan kajawaabi doonaa su'aashaan, kan abuurtay kursiga korontada ah? Waxay u baahan tahay tixgelin faahfaahsan, sababtoo ah taariikhda xidhiidh la leh, waa mid aad u xiiso badan. Thomas Edison ee qarnigii 19aad abuurtay laambadda incandescent. Dabcan, qofkani ma aha kan abuurtay kursiga korontada ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay ahayd talaabadii ugu horaysay ee jidka loo maro noocyo kala duwan oo daahfurtay la xiriira korontada. war abuurashadoodii Tani, gaar ahaan, ayaa inoo ogolaatay si aad u isticmaasho magaalooyinka iftiiminta.

fikradda ah in Albert Southwick yimid

Qaar badan ayaa xiiso u su'aasha ah: oo ahaa abuuraha habka cusub ee fulinta? Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Albert Sautvik - kii been abuurtay kursiga korontada ah. Uu xirfad - ilkaha. Ninkan ka waxa uu ku yaalaa magaalada New York gowroco ee Buffalo yimid. Ruuxii Been abuurtay kursiga korontada (xirfad waxaa ka mid ah, sida aad ka arki, a yaab), la rumeysan yahay in waxa loo isticmaali karaa sida suuxinta ku dhaqanka caafimaad. Marka Albert ku arkay nin u dhashay fiilooyin ku saabsan mid ka mid ah dadka deegaanka Buffalo. Ninkan dhintay sidii fikir markaas Southwick, xanuun iyo ku dhawaad degdeg ah. Xaaladdan oo kale waxay isagii hor geeyeen in ay aaminsan yihiin in dilka ah ee asal ahaan korontada waxaa lagu beddeli karaa sida a ganaaxyo ay soo rogtay halka ku deldesheen oo degdeg ah iyo dadnimo. Southwick ugu horeysay soo jeediyay isticmaalka korontada si ay uga takhalusi of xoolaha aan la rabin, halkii ay iyaga lagu nadiifiyo. Kolonelu Rockwell, oo madax ka ah ururka badbaadinta xoolaha ka cadaawadda, jeclaa fikradda.

guddiga

Southwick ee 1882 ay qabatay taxane ah oo tijaabo on xayawaanka, iyo la daabacay natiijada uu waraaqaha sayniska. Albert inta badan kuwa la Abuurtay kursiga korontada ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo ay ku lug lahaayeen dhinaca horumarinta. Gaar ahaan, Southwick muujiyeen natiijada tijaabo ay, David McMillan, Senator iyo saaxiibkiis. Waxa uu sheegay in fulinta isticmaalaya korontada waa xanuun, taas oo ay faa'ido weyn ee. Makmillian dooday ilaalinta ee ciqaabta dilka. fikrad Tani waxay isaga soo jiidatay sida muran ka dhan ah ay la baabiiyo. Maqlay Makmillian wareejiyay DB Hill, oo ahaa taliyihii New York. , Elyuridzh Jerry (Siyaasi) oo Metyu Heyl (garsoore) - In 1886, guddi gaar ah, oo ka kooban Southwick (ilkaha, sida hore u soo sheegnay xirfad aadanaha, kuwaas oo la Abuurtay kursiga korontada ah) waxaa la abuuray. Its gabagabo, kaas oo lagu xusay warbixin 95 bog, oo ahaa in habka ugu fiican ee fulinta - fulinta asal korontada. Maraykanka talinayaa in warbixintan la bedelay nooc cusub oo daah rigoore.

sharciga dil ah

In 1888, June 5, waxaa ku saxiixnaa Guddoomiyaha sharciga la xiriira, kaas oo dhaqan galay lahaa tan iyo 1889. Waxa ku hadhay si ay u go'aamiyaan nooca ay u isticmaalaan hadda korontada: AC ama DC. Sidee bay u kala duwan yihiin? Aynu u wajihi.

AC iyo DC

Shaqeeyay on arrintan, saynisyahano ka yimid dalalka kala duwan, muddo dheer ka hor war abuurashadoodii la sameeyo by Thomas Edison. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Edison (hoos ku sawiran) wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee u fulin aragti horumarsan isaga by. In 1879 saldhiga korontada marka hore la dhisay. nidaamka Edison ayaa dhacaya on hadda si toos ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee wuxuu la barwaaqaysan oo kaliya in hal jiho, si sahayda hadda ayaa macquul aheyn in masaafada dheer. Waxa daruuri ahayd in la dhiso warshad koronto ah si ay u bixiyaan magaalada dhexdhexaad ah oo leh koronto.

Exit helay Nikola Tesla, saynisyahan ah Croatia. Wuxuu iska leh fikradda ah ee la isticmaalayo hadda talantaalli ah, kuwaas oo bedeli kartaa dhowr jeer labaad jihada, la abuuro beer magnetic, iyada oo aan laga badiyay danab. Waxa aad badin kartaa ama hoos u danab talantaalli isticmaalaya gudbiyeyaasha. hadda a noocan oo kale ah la soo gaartay yar ka badan masaafo dheer u gudbin karaan, ka dibna ay keenaan macaamiisha korontada iyada oo transformer tallaabo-hoos ah.

Ka bilaw AC ah

Nidaamkan ayaa soo jiitay maal, mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo ahaa Dzhordzh Vestingauz (hoos ku sawiran).

Waxa uu doonayay inuu isticmaalo faa'iido ee AC ah, laakiin technology Edison ee ka caanka ah waqtiga. Waxaa soo shaqeeyay Edison, Tesla, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in uu horumarka aan feejignaan, iyo Tesla ka tago. saynisyahan The ugu dhakhsaha badan xiranayo fikrado uu. Westinghouse ee 1888 iibsaday 40 shatiyada Tesla, iyo in ka badan boqol magaalo oo dhawr sano ku riyaaqay nidaamka AC ah.

"Kulanka dhaxeeya kooxo ka"

In 1887, Edison bilaabay inuu dilayo nidaamka, u baahan in ururinta macluumaadka ka shaqaalahooda ku saabsan dhimashada ac sababay. Sayidka wuxuu rajaynayay inuu cadeeyo in uu hab waa ammaan loogu talagalay dadweynaha.

"Kulanka dhaxeeya kooxo ka" ayuu ku bilaabay markii su'aasha kacay sidii in nooca hadda in loo isticmaalo ciqaabta dilka. Nikola Tesla (hoos ku sawiran) waqti isku mid ah laga fogaado si wax looga qabto Thomas statements kasta oo door bidaan in ay iska aamuso. Laakiin Thomas burburay Tesla isaga iyo xamaasad sifo iyo positiveness. "Dagaalkii hadda" socday ilaa 2007! In New York, kaliya Qarniga 21aad calaamad jaray silig ee la soo dhaafay DC. network oo dhan America iyo dunida oo dhan ayaa waxaa si joogto ah u dhaqaaqay AC.

Buugga iyo waxqabadka Edison

Tan iyo Edison ma doonayaan jidkiisa been abuurtay mid ka mid ah ama mid kale ee la xidhiidha dhimashada, inuu doonayo inuu talantaalli ah hadda waxaa laga codsadaa in ay qalab loogu tala galay ciqaabta dilka. Saynisyahanka ee 1887 la daabacay a buugga "Digniin". In waxa, uu la DC ee variable marka la barbar dhigo oo tilmaamay in ammaanka dambaysta ah.

Hadalka ka hor inta komishanka Tomasa Edisona sameeyey aragti xooggan. All hindisa la joogo ayaa ka dhaadhiciyay in marka la isticmaalayo talantaalli korontada hadda ka dhimashada deg deg ah oo aan xanuun lahayn. si wax looga qabto arrintan, Guddiga soo wajahay isticmaalka kale ee la isku duro halis ah, kaas oo waxaa loo arkaa more dadnimo badan koronto. Taasi waxaa qarnigii 20aad waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan ku dhowaad dhammaan gobolada, halkaas oo waxaa jiray ciqaabta dilka ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in dad badan oo aan haysan lahaa inuu ku xanuunsado kursiga korontada ah, ma noqon tartan u dhexeeya shirkadaha, iyo sidoo kale hadal sasabasho Tomasa Edisona ka hor inta komishanka. Su'aasha kale oo uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in fulinta dilka lagu duro halis dhacdaa dhakhaatiirta in sababo cad, suurtogal ma aha.

dil ugu horeeyay ee

In 1889 sano ah, January 1, qaaday rigoore ugu horeysay oo isticmaalaya been abuurtay this, sida kursiga korontada ah (photo waxay hoos la soo bandhigay). unit ah in loo isticmaali jiray, waayo, wuxuu u yeedhay guddoomiyaha vestingovannym, ama kursi Westinghouse, dhowr sano ee dambe. In guga ee 1891 maray rigoore soo socda. Waayo, dambiyo kala duwan oo la dilay 4 qof. Waxaa la hagaajiyo in la keeno habka of fulinta xukun. Waxa uu noqday matoor awood badan oo silig ka sii dhumuc weyn. koronto 2aad waxaa ku xiran in gacanta, halkii dhabarta. More si habsami maray dil, kuwaas oo, iyo hab cusub oo la aqbalay by opinion dadweynaha.

fulinta William Kemmler

William Kemmler, kaasoo dilay xaaskiisa caadiga ah-sharciga faash, waxay ahayd "inaad ahaatid" ugu horeeyay ee hal-abuurnimo. Waxa uu toogasho ah magaalada Auburn ee 1890, on August 6. Isagu ma kara sababo fiican u yaqaan si ay u qeexaan dareenkooda. Ruuxii Been abuurtay kursiga korontada, waxaan sii ogaan karin waxa dhacay. Kuwa la joogo waqtiga xukunka by markhaati tilmaamay in mujrim weli nool yahay 15-20 ilbiriqsi ee qaybta 1-dii ka dib. Waxaan u lahaa in ka mid ah hadda muddo dheer iyo walaac badan. "Tijaabo" weli waa Libooye dheer oo kor u dhigay in dhamaadka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dunida oo qaylo bulshada Maraykanka sababay Cadaab this.

Dilkii isticmaalaya kursiga korontada

Waxaan ku tilmaami technology dilka isticmaalaya kursiga korontada ah. dambiilaha ku dul fadhiyaba, oo waxay ku xidhan yahay kursi la garbihiisa maqaar, qamaar xabadka, bowdada, canqowga iyo curcurka. Body go'an 2 electrodes copper, mid ka mid on foot (sida ugu fiican ee korontada maqaarka hoostiisa ku xiiro), iyo kuwa kale oo - u saarnaa taaj xiiro ah. electrodes ayaa waxaa sida caadiga ah lubricated gel gaar ah si loo yareeyo gubashadii maqaarka iyo in la hagaajiyo haysta hadda. maaskaro Doolaal xirto wajiga.

Askari riixay biiro mindi on badhanka gacanta guddiga, oon ku siinaya danab 1aad mas'uul ka ah taas oo ka 1700 si ay u 2400 volts iyo muddada - oo ku saabsan 30-60 ilbiriqsi. saacad ayaa la dhigay ka hor waqtiga, iyo hadda waxaa la bakhtiiyey si toos ah. Dhakhtarka ayaa ka dib baadhaya jirka ah ee labada eedeeyay dambi, maxaa yeelay waxa ay weli la dilo karo. Sidaas darteed of curyaannimo neefsashada iyo dhimashada wadnaha waxay dhacdaa.

horumar

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka Dilaayaasha ee maanta soo gabagabeeyey in qabashada degdeg ah wadnaha (ie, dhimasho clinical) ma keeni hadda inay dhex maraan maskaxda. Waxa kaliya dheeraada cadaabka. Denbiilayaasha ayaa hadda samaynta dhimista, iyo electrodes waxaa lagu soo bandhigay galay sinta midig iyo garabka si ay amarka u dhex wadnaha iyo quseyo maray tagay.

kursi Electric - ciqaab naxariis lahayn

Waa sidee kan abuurtay kursiga korontada ah: nijaar ama koronto? More muhiimsan, habkan Cadaab waa ka baxsan. In kasta oo aan naxariis lahayn in mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, oo dhan hababka fulinta, waa kursiga korontada inta badan siiya dhibaatooyinka naxdin leh oo keeni dhibaato dheeraad ah u cambaareeyay, gaar ahaan xaaladaha halkaas oo qalabka loo isticmaalo u baahan yahay in la dayactiro ama ka weyn. Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in noocan dhimashada laga helay sarkhaansan Leo Jones, oo ah dhaq-dhaqaaqe xuquuqda aadanaha American si fiican u yaqaan, diiwanka, ciqaab naxariis lahayn, taas oo lid ku ah Dastuurka Mareykanka.

Hadda waxaad ku garanayaa kii been abuurtay kursiga korontada ah. Ilkaha Albert Sautvik, sida muuqata, mana ay garan wixii Sugnaaday Ruuxii qaddar yimid madaxiisa gelin fikradda ah. Maanta, habkan of fulinta waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah calaamadaha ee Maraykanka. Laakiin kursiga korontada ah ayaa la Been abuurtay by dhakhtarka ilkaha, kuwaas oo kaliya doonayay si loo yareeyo dhibatada.