Kuwa kor ku xusan - Tiri ama Duke? Maxaa kala ka Tirinta amiirku?

Horumarka technology muddo aad u gaaban dunida bedelay. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah fikradaha ku yiil Parma boqol sano ka hor, maanta waa wax la soo dhaafay. Tusaale ahaan, on su'aasha ah: "Yaa waa weyn - Tiri ama Duke," awowayaashayo ayaa ugu jawaabay lahaa oo aan libiqsanayn.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo naga mid ah, wuxuu geliyey karaa wadiiqo indha. Indeed, deggan qarnigii XXI ma aha la yaab leh in laga badiyay in horyaalka ee ku abtirsan, iyo xitaa ka sii badan si ay u sharxaan farqiga u dhexeeya amiir ka Tirinta.

muuqaalka kore ee guryaha ku abtirsan

Qaab-dhismeedka bulshada ee bulshada Dr Makumbe ayaa waxaa si adag nidaaminaya. Qof kasta laga bilaabo dhalashada ay qaadatay shahaado gaar ah, iyo kala guurka ah mid ka mid fasalka si kale ahaa mid aan suurta galayn. Isla mar ahaantaana, ee qarniyadii dhexe, waxaa jiray madaxda bulshada, kaas oo nidaaminaya jidka nolosha iyo xiriirka fasalada gudahooda.

abtirsan ayaa u muuqday in Europe ee geedi socodka of formation of feudalism, marka waxaa loo baahan yahay si loo dardar xiriirka u dhexeeya sovereigns iyo vassals ay. In waajib la soo dhaafay waa in ay ka kaasoo ay u fuuleen dalkii hantida u ahaa geed linen la ilaaliyo danaha iyo nolosha Rabbiga dhulgoosadka. Sayidka, mudane Dr Makumbe - dagaalyahan ah, diyaar at call ee suzerain si ay ugu biiraan oo ciidankiisa.

Waqti ka, beddelo xiriirka dhaqaale ee bulshada, iyo waxa la doorka abtirsan. Tusaale ahaan, garaaf - horyaalka ah oo loogu tala galay in qarniyadii dhexe taliyihii hore waaweyn dhulgoosadka, oo ku yaalla awood buuxda ee uu gobolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii formation of dalalka dhexe ay hanti tilmaamay siyaada keliya inay ku abtirsan sare - abtirsan.

kuwii gobta ahaa oo cinwaankeedu ahaa ee Dr Makumbe Europe

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, fasal kasta lahaa dhisme adag jaranjaro. Sayidka, abtirsan waxaa loo kala qaybiyey haybta iyo caban, iyo sidoo kale in ay ku horyaal oo aan lahayn cinwaan looga dhigay. Kooxdu waxay ugu danbeysay ee dalalka oo dhan waxay ahaayeen ugu badan.

tirsanaan koox Social abtirsan qabiil la goostay by xaqiiqada ah ee dhalashada ee sharaf qoyska ka mid ah, halka shatiyada ah qayb ka mid ah fasalka mudan ee ay sabab u tahay mudnaan shakhsi ama adeegga dadweynaha iin noqdo.

gobta cinwaankeedu ahaayeen sare ee Ahraamta jaranjaro, labaad oo kaliya in ay ciqaab gentility iyo xubno ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor. Princes, ugaasyadii, dacwadood, marquises, lid, viscounts ahaayeen aristocracy dhulgoosadka in Dr Makumbe Western Europe.

Laakiinse mid amiir ah - horyaalka ah in inta badan loo isticmaalaa in xaafadda sharaf leh oo ka mid ah dalalka Slavic. kulanka ugu muhiimsan amiirka reer galbeedka Yurub ama ugaas.

asalka ah ee horyaal oo sharaf leh

Ka dib markii sannado badan hadda ma suurtowdo in la yidhaahdo huba goorta iyo sida ay ahaayeen horyaalka sharaf of abtirsan. Ka soo qaad garaaf - title a in cilmi ayaa lala xiriirinayay in erayga Laatiin yimaado. Sidaas daraaddeed in goor dambe Roman Empire waxaa la odhan jiray ku-sharaf ugu sareysa dalka. Maanta, oo ku qoran luqado Romance ah, title this waxaa qoran sida Conte (Talyaani), Conde (Spanish) iyo Comte ah (Faransiis).

Qabiilooyinka reer Franks ee qarniyadii dhexe hore dacwadood oo la yiraahdo madaxda bulshada tuulada. Dhowr qarniyo ka dib, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Charles Bidaar ah, iyagoo lahaanshaha iyo horyaalka, wada jir ah ula xaq maamulka bilaabay inuu la dhaxlay.

amiirradii Slavic asal ahaan waxay ahaayeen madaxdii qabiilooyinka, oo kaliya ka dib markii qarniyo of title this sharaf noqday ee la xidhiidha dhalmada, maareynta dhul gaar ah, kaas oo lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu u taliyo, dhaxlo.

Sidaas darteed, waxaad ka ogaan kartaa wax caadi ah in horyaalka ee "Prince" iyo "Tirada". Farqiga hore ka juquraafi ahaan. In galbeedka Europe, si ay u isticmaalaan count erayga, halka Bariga iyo Bartamaha - Prince. Kaliya waqti horyaal, kuwaas oo helay macnaha kale.

Markos Table koryeela

abtirsan Ruush waxaa la aasaasay qarnigii XII ee ku saleysan serfs in hawshii boyars iyo amiirradii. Oo waxay dhawreen hawlaha kala duwan ee garsoorka iyo maamulka, si wadajir ah ula waajib ku ah in ay sameeyaan ciidanka ee ciidanka amiirka.

Peter aan dagaalka ka dhanka ah aristocracy Boyar generic waxaa asal u horyaal cusub ee ku abtirsan, ka Western Europe amaahatay. Sidaas daraaddeed, in qarnigii XVIII ee Russia ka, oo ay la socdaan amiirradii muuqday dacwadood oo lid. Kuwani iyo tabo cusub oo kale ayaa la diiwaan geliyay Table of Darajooyin - liiska rayidka ah, maxkamadda iyo saraakiisha ciidamada.

markii qaar ka mid ah ayay ku qaadatay, ilaa maadooyinka KT Ruush fahmaan qaabka jaranjaro cusub iyo awood si ay u fahmaan kan sare - Tiri ama Duke. Horyaalka Last jirey in Russia muddo dheer, iyo waqtiga boqortooyada Peter Waxaan ahaa 47 qoysaska princely ee Russia.

deeqda ee horyaalka sharaf

dib u habaynta Peter ayaa soo afjaray madaxda laandheere, kaas oo ku salaysan gentility. Tan iyo waqti in, amiirradii oo noqon kara ma aha oo kaliya oo durriyadii Rurik iyo Gediminas. Sare u qaadid ama amiirka sharafta count ee haatan ku xiran yihiin doonista gooyo.

The ugu horeysay ee Russia, ka hor ansaxinta of Table of Darajooyin, heshay horyaalka ee Tirinta Boris Sheremetyev - Field Marshal iyo associate Petra Velikogo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhan ma ka hadha boqorka reformer deeqsinimo siinay horyaal cusub. Catherine II salaan sharaf Tirinta ee inta badan ay jecel yihiin.

Waayo, mashruuc cusub waxaa laga codsadaa iyo daaweyn gaar ah: Mudane, Your Honor. Waxaa xusid mudan in taliyayaasha qarnigii XVIII ka. Waxaan aan ku riyaaqay mudnaan noocan oo kale ah. Sidaa aawadeed, su'aasha ah: "Yaa waa weyn - Tiri ama Duke" Sirkaalkii Ruush waqtiga, u badan tahay, ku odhan lahaa: "Tirada The". Qarnigii soo socda horyaalka this loo diyaariyey inta badan wasiirrada ama kuwii horey loo dhigay Andreya Amarka Pervozvannogo.

waa ka Prince of Tirada kala duwan Waa maxay

In qarnigii XIX ah, boqorada ma joogay on abaalmarinta cusub. Sidaa darteed, by dhammaadkii qarnigii ee Russia waxaa jiray 310 dhalashada princely iyo 250 amiirradii. In xaalado gaar ah, mid ka mid ah mudane waxaa loo oggolaaday in ay koobab badan. Tusaale ahaan, Suvorov V. qiimo for Service in Fatherland la qotomiyey in tirinta codadka, iyo sharafta princely.

Sidaas daraaddeed, oo ay kor - Tiri ama Duke? Marka la soo koobo, haystaha ugu dambeeyey ee horyaalka ee madaxda in tallaabo ka koraysaa istaagay. Prince noqon kartaa mid ka mid ah oo kaliya kaas oo horey loogu salaan sharaf Tirinta ee.

Tani state of arrimaha ahayd caadiga ah ma aha oo kaliya loogu talagalay abtirsan Ruush. Sida kor ku xusan, in Western Europe darajo princely Dirk horyaalka ee Duke ama amiir, kaas oo dhiriqda ugu sareeya on laandheere salaanka.