Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Biography, sawiro, farshaxan

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich waa mid ka mid ah sculptors ugu weyn ee classicism Ruush, kuwaas oo shaqo la raacio hadafyada sare kutub ah, caadifinimadu dhalaalaya iyo humanism ay dureri dhexdeeda. Sida laga soo xigtay dhaleecayn tahay bilowgii qarnigii XIX ah, in kasta oo uu shuqulladiisa, "ayaa muujinaya badan oo male, dareenka, fiirin asalka ah iyo sayidkayga gacanta qoraaga."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - sculptor ah, oo dhan fanaaniinta Ruush kuwaas oo ku noolaa, laga yaabee, gaaban ah, laakiin sidoo kale nolosha ugu cajiib ah. Oo xiiso gaar ah waa abuuraha dhigay khuraafaadka qadiimiga ah iyo characters taariikhda Ruush. In iyaga, wuxuu helay hadafyada muhiimka keliya ma aha ee saffarro uu, laakiin sidoo kale jiilka mustaqbalka.

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Biography

The mustaqbalka sculptor caan ku dhashay 1753 in qoyska reer raxan huuriyo buunka yeedhin, mid ka mid ah agagaarka badda St. Petersburg. Halkanna wuxuu qaatay sano caruurnimadiisii.

At da'da kow iyo toban (1764) Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich weligiis qaybsadeen guriga iyo waalidiinta ka codsaday tirada ardayda ku biiray St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Wakhtigan farshaxanka Yurub - farshaxan, naqshadaha, rinjiyeynta - qaan iyo classicism si tartiib tartiib ah oo horumarsan. Wakiilka ifka ee habkani farshaxanka ahaa sculptor Ruush caan Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

Biography kooban oo sculptor ah:

• . 1773 g: qalin Academy la bilad dahab ah;
• . 1774-1778 GG: deggan Rome sida xuduudda waxbarasho;
• 1780:. Marseilles Academy of Arts isaga abaal horyaalka ee academician;
• . 1784-1785 GG: toogasho for taalada marmar ah Catherine II qaab ilaahadda qadiimiga ah ee xigmadda ah, soo qoraya ayaa loo helo dadka iyo aqoonsiga saffarro (fikrad ka bixitaankii waxbarasho ee Boqortooyada ku haboon - Xildhibaan caqli iyo Daafaca reer Fatherland ah);
• bilowga ah ee 1788 mar kale dibada u soo diray (Paris) inaad wax ka barato,
• . 1790: Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich soo laabtay guriga, waxay abuurtaa farshaxan wareegga idyllic,
• ee 1796-m abuuraa taxane ballaaran Dakatu sculptural on theme of War qoriga ah, muddadaas oo dhan waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by search for monumentality, qaababka cusub, kaas oo noqday mid ka mid ah qaybaha si ay u sii shaqada artist ee;
• in muddada u dhaxaysa 1799 in 1801 ka shaqeeya Taliyaha taallo A. V. Suvorovu, wuxuu ammaanay guul ciidan ee Ruush ee dhawaan ka dhacay xilli Talyaani;
• In 1802 Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich in ra'iisul nolosha ah iyo talanti si lama filaan ah u dhinto.

Waxa uu markii hore lagu aasay qabuuraha ku Smolensk Orthodox. In 1931, aaska loo wareejiyay Nevsky Alexander ku Lavra on xabaalo Lazarevskoye ah

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: farshaxan

shuqulladiisa - reliefs caag staturnaya, farshaxan taariikhi iyo tombstones - waxaa la raacio dareen qoto dheer oo humanism Quraanku falna sanyahay.

In style shuqulladiisa si weyn u saameyn sharraxaadda ee qarnigii XIVIII farshaxan Faransiis. Kuwaas oo kala ah, ugu fiican ee la yaqaan waa: taallo A. ku V. Suvorovu ee St. Petersburg, taalada "Samson laaca libaaxa afkiisa," (hadda waa hubaal mid ka mid ah ilaha Peterhof), "tegista Girl" (Winter Palace) iyo "xuubka bikrada", abuuray oo ku beegnaa guurka ee Constantine Pavlovich (sida hadda waa in Palace Winter ah), tiradaasi oo ah nin, ka dhigay waxbarasho ee anatomy aadanaha.

Caan ku Bas-reliefs ay: "The soo celinta Regulus in Carthage," "Camille, ka Gauls ah yareeya Rome" (ku yaal St. Petersburg, in Palace marmar ah), "Xasuuqa ee aan waxba galabsan ee", "Polycrates", "Cupid", "Mercury iyo qandhicil ah", " Apollo "(laga helo madxafka ee Alexander III).

hore

In muddo hore ee hal-abuurka dulucda ugu weyn ee shuqullada sculptor waa theme ee madaniga wanaaggiisa, geesinimada, is-allabariga iyo dulqaad.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich geesiyaal reliefs ay ka dhigaysa characters caan ka taariikhda qadiimiga Rome, taas oo magaca Fatherland iyo wanaagga guud ee dadka naftooda allabari. shuqulkiisa noocan oo kale ah "Regula sagootin muwaadiniinta Rome" (1780) iyo "Camille meesha ay taadii of Rome" (1781).

Hill iyo image kooban, Hufnaan ka kooban, ka fikirina iyo Hufnaan of khadadka iyo foomamka - Tilmaamo in la kala saaro shaqada on taas oo Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich shaqeeyay muddada hore ee hal-abuurka. Farshaxan dhammaataan isku hagaajiyaan la naqshadaha ee dhismaha, ka dhisay qaabka classicism hore.

farshaxan wada noolaanshaha iyo naqshadaha

bulshada gaar ahaan habboonaanta laba farshaxanka - farshaxan iyo naqshadaha - muujiyey reliefs malaastaan abuuray Hall Concert ee Park Catherine ah (Tsarskoye Selo). Qoraaga of taambuuggiisa, oo ka dhigay in qaab reer classicism baaluq, waa George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Reliefs wadaagaan theme caadi ah - music ah. Orpheus ciyaaro kataaradda tames xayawaanka duurjoogta ah; Apollo, ciyaaro music, farxo dhegta of Ceres; sifooyinka Muse Art carwo - sirqoollada sida, kuwaas oo la siiyo Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich dareenka. Wizard The (reliefs hore) ku kala duwan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka equilibrated Halabuurka contours siman jiibta iyo images nolosah dhaw haybad. Tilmaamo intaas oo dhammu waxay ka qayb qaataan abuurista iyo taambuuggiisa jawiga gaar muusikada.

Taallo Catherine II

taalada badan oo Empress Catherine II qaab ilaahadda qadiimiga ah ee xigmadda ah, soo qoraya (Baydka Rome) abuuray by sculptor ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1784 in 1785. Empress waxaa gudubyadaas go'iisii qadiimiga ah iyo rukumo koofiyad (ilaahadda ah sifooyinka). Waxay farta ku leh hal gacan been on cagaheeda koobab ah in astaan guusha helay waxa by. Empress kale waxaa haysta qorniin duudduuban oo la daabacay "ah daryeelka sharciyada maadooyinka uu '. Sidaas iskuna ay fikrad of Boqortooyada kaamilka - Xildhibaan caqli iyo Daafaca reer Fatherland ah - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, farshaxan ah oo stamp ee uu u jecel yahay fikradaha kutub ah.

"Tahajud Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

taalada marmar, ka dhigay in 1780s ah, ayaa masaal semantic adag. image ee geesiga ammaanta Qarniyadii hore ayaa sidoo kale u adeegi jireen sida aasaas u ah sculptor si gudashada ah hadafyada waxbarashada - waxbarasho ee raacdada aqoonta iyo doonista qalbi engegnaantiinna aawadeed.

Halabuurka xal caaga iyo Sidaana radiate ruuxa weynaanta xasilloon oo sharaf leh lillaahinimada. Jaantuska darnaanta kala duwan iyo dheellitirnaanta, daad siman oo qaabab iyo contours.

ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ee jidhka sida ay tahay in maskax hurudda a hurdeysan, muruqyada sida "damiyaan" cover frosted marmar ugu fiican ee, uu madaxa ku nasanayso oo gacantiisuu ku nasanayso on jilibka. Laakiin reer xamarku ee dareen salka this of xasilloonida ...

Dakatu

In noocyo kala duwan oo sawiro extant, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay yihiin Dakatu diyaarinta farshaxan mustaqbalka, ogan ay xidhiidh la leh diirada ugu weyn ee sayidkii - kala duwan ee mawduucyada iyo mawduucyada (caddooyinka, Kitaabka, Injiil), in ay tahay fikrado hadal farshaxanka.

Laakiin qaar ka mid ah sawirada Kozlowski si fiican u arki karo in madax-bannaan, shuqullada dhamaystiran graphic. iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la abuuray sannadkii 1792 m ee "Dhimashadii Hippolytus" iyo "Theseus baxo Ariadne." Dhaleeceyn farta ku riwaayadaha iyo xoojinta dareenka, kaas oo "neefsato" shuqullo kuwan.

"Polycrates"

Xiliga laga 1788 in sculptor 1790-th mar kale, ee Paris, halkaas oo uu u tegey si ay u bartaan aqoonta iyo waayo-aragnimo cusub. Sidaas darteed istaagayn wayn ee dareenkaa u sababa dhacdooyinkii kacaanka, si ay u qabtaan isaga ka soo hor, waxa uu ku dhashay waxyi cusub, mawduucyada cusub iyo maadooyinka.

Kacaanka sculptor Paris riixay fikradda ah in la sameeyo sheekada taariikhda qadiimiga dhimasho Greece Polycrates Samos daalim. Legend of sculptor ku Polycrates adeegay sidii saldhig ahaan abuurista nooc ka mid ah wax ka qabashada Ta'wiil dhacdooyinka casriga ah. Wargeyska ayaa ka muuqda rabitaan artist ee si loo kobciyo oo luqadda ku dhisan tusaalaha ee farshaxanka. Samee waxa uu xitaa ka badan oo cajiib ah. In uu farshaxan, "Polycrates" daawadayaasha loo kala qaado harraad dareen xoriyadda, silica iyo dareen daran ee geesiga cadaab.

muuqashadii Ehelkeedu ruuxiga ah

In ka 1792-oo mitir, mid ka mid ah shaqada ugu cajiibsan la soo dhameeyay - taallada quruxda badan ee "Hurdada Cupid" (marmar). Qoraagu wuxuu abuuraa hab la yaab leh idyllic oo qani.

Its dhigiisa in niyadda loo abuuray by taallo yar oo ah (marmar, 1801) image "gunaanadeen", embodying khayroon daahirnimo ruuxi ah, muraaqooda ee unalloyed, carruurnimada ku faraxsanahay.

"Samson laaca libaaxa afkiisa,"

In guga ee 1800 ee sayid fiican Ruush la keenay si loo casriyeeyo ee Cascade Big Peterhof. Work lagu qaaday in ka badan lix sano.

meel dhexe ee qorshaha qaaday kooxda abuuray Kozlovsky - "Samson laaca libaaxa afkiisa." In abuurka ah ee qoraaga of farshaxan la isticmaalo dib asalkiisu ka soo jeedo oo wakhtiga Peter waa masaal, taas oo Samsoon kitaabiga ah ayaa lagu tilmaamay St. Sampson, kuwaas oo qarnigii 18aad waxaa loo tixgeliyaa of Russia weli Sokeeye. In 1709, in xaflad uu xasuusta (27 June), guusha quruxda leh Ruush waxaa ku guuleystay in ka badan kuwa iswiidhishka ee caanka ah Battle of Poltava. In farshaxanka Peter aan, Samsoon ahaa shakhsiyaynta libaaxa guul Ruush iyo (image dhexe ee jubbadda Swedish hubka) wakiil adkaaday boqorkii Swedish.

In ka farshaxan grand muujinayaa firfircoon laakiin joojiyey dhaqdhaqaaqa jirka Samsoon ku xoogga badan ee. Jeestay in meel bannaan oo ku muquuninta ah, hoosta jidhka si Titanic murqaha yihiin si cad u arki karo, maratay jiid dib Lugayn iyo madaxa foororiyey, geesiga ah ee labada gacmood laaca libaaxa afkiisa.

Cilmi ayaa unbaa tilmaamay dhawaanshaha si farshaxan ah ee farshaxanka Michelangelo ee. Laakiin kooxda fikirka iyo khayaali ah content, dareen waddani qoto dheer, taas oo la soo bixitaankii uu shaqada Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (farshaxan photo waa caddayn in), si ay daawadayaasha u digtoon yahay echo arrin oo kala duwan - hooyo oo hadlaya Ruush jaceylka badan taariikhda qoyska qalbiga - dhaqanka.

Mowduucyada taariikhda Ruush

Mawduucyada of taariikhda qaranka yihiin caga badan oo xiiso leh in shuqullada sculptor ah. In qeybtii labaad ee 1790s uu abuuray taalada ee "Prince Yacquub Dolgoruky laaca amar boqornimo" iyo "Hercules faras ku jooga." Inta badan go'an buuxa si ay u abuuraan image ah ee geesinimada sare iyo dadkii ku abtirsan ruuxi ogaaday by sculptor ee Taliyaha taallo uu A. V. Suvorovu (St. Petersburg, 1799-1801).

Lifetime taallo triumphal

image calaamad, masaal ammaanaya Russia iyo Taliyaha weyn - si uuraysatay Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich taallo in Suvorov.

Work bilaabay inta lagu guda jiro nolosha geesiga. At da'da toddobaatan Generalissimo sameeyey dunida oo dhan si ay u bogaadinayaa laga qabanin, ee taariikhda kala guurka geesinimada ah ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka in ka badan Alps. In 63 dagaal ee Ruush ma ahaa guuldaradii hal, cadowga 619 calammo qabtay Guusha Islaamka. safar Talyaani caan ah noqon doono ciidamada Ruush ah iyo talanti istiraatiiji ah ammaantii aan baabba'ayn Aleksandra Suvorova.

Hawsha sculptor ku Kozlovsky ahaa in la abuuro taallo triumphal Meyeydaan. Order shuruud Tags: ma dhaqmaan cimri dheer geesinimada ah ee Taliyaha weyn, ma asalnimada ee uu image maskaxda, laakiin waxyaalo waaweyn oo keliya xilli Talyaani lahaa in la muuqataa in taalada.

Sida sawirka of afka ah masaal

Oo sculptor ka soo noqday inuu af masaal. tiradaasi Light caato ah ku haysa wareega - dagaalyahan dhallinyarada ahaa geesi dagaaleed, iga buuxa xoog iyo guuxa weeraryahanka. Tani waa image ah Ilaaha Roman dagaalka Mars. tilmaam ka mid ah gacanta midig, haysta seef gal la 'waa go'aan aan caadi ahayn. Si aada tuuraa maro oo dib. muuqaallo la qurxiyey abuuray by ilaah sculptor dagaalka - wajiga Ragow Beautiful, kibir madaxiisa, kalsooni qirtay iyo doonista guulaysanaya, masterfully wareejiyay tiradaasi kor.

Uu daboolida gaashaan dagaalyahan Jaha gadaashiisa meesha allabariga on kuwaas oo taaj Sardinia oo Neapolitan iyo tiara le'daan. Macnaha calaamad image this waa in hubka Ruushka iyada oo ay kormeerayaan xilli Talyaani Suvorov ayaa si ay u ilaaliyaan danaha ka mid ah saddexda wadan.

At hareeraha meesha allabariga tirooyinka dumar ah oo ku yaalla turjumaya sida ugu fiican ee wanaagga aadanaha: rajaynayaa, rumaysadka iyo jacaylka.

Dhinaca hore ee haysa waxaa image ah laamaha Laurel iyo timir gudbeen - calaamad u ah hanad commonwealth dagaal iyo nabad.

Hero Shield tiirsan koobab dagaal - asaasiga ah, calammo sita qoriga. bowd agagaarka taallada ku xiran yahay silsilado qarxeen bambooyin.

macnaha Ta'wiil in laga helo si faahfaahsan kasta oo taalada ah. Iyo qorniinkan ku haysa ah: "Prince of Italy, Tiri Suvorov Rymniksky" ayaa sheegay in ku saabsan cidda loo qorsheeyay mashearulxaraam.

runta High gudaha

Kozlowski Wargeyska ayaa kaliya u eg sawirka qeexin dareemi ayuu ka abuuray muuqaallo la qurxiyey Ta'wiil of geesi dad la jecel yahay.

The Joogaba, elongated of wajiga, indhaha oo qoto dheer-set, sanka oo weyn iyo qaybta caadiga ah neefo, wax yar godan ilaah afka naxaas ah saffarro dagaal aqoonsan sifooyin ee guud weyn.

muuqashadii waa mid aad u kharibi oo fog, sax sawirkii bannaanka si cad ma aha mudnaanta ahaa Abuuraha reer farshaxan ah. Allabaryaya sawirka isku halaynta, wuxuu siiyey doonista unshakable iyo xoogga oo dhan-guulaysanaya of Suvorov. luqadda Kozlowski ah masaal - in ka dhigaya ilaaha dagaalka - iyo sanamkii la qurxiyey oo geesiyaal ah taliyaha weyn Ruush Sanooyin. Iyo in this - runta gudaha sare ee uu shaqada.