Electron Mass - waalka qaali ah oo yar yar

Haddii offhand weydiin 100 qof inuu magacaabo ugu yaraan saddex Qurub hoose loo yaqaan, waxaa macquul ah in qof kasta oo aan soo wici doonaa saddex oo dhan, laakiin mid ka mid ma illoobi doono inuu u soo yeedho caan champion - electron. Yar, ka mid ah amarka waday walxaha daaraysaa, waasac ... iyo, nasiib daro, ku "negative", uu yahay xubin ka mid ah wax kasta oo dhulka oo ay leeyihiin u qalmaa daaweyn gaar ah. Qurub Magaca asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee Giriigii hore ka erayga Giriigga ah ee "cadaatay" - wax la jecel yahay in ay awood u qadiimiga ah si loo soo jiito iyo hayn waxyaabaha yaryar. Markaas, marka daraasadda of korontada helay sii faafto, ereyga "electron" wuxuu u yimid inuu ka dhigan karo, oo halkan ka unit yar la'aan.

electrons nolosha weligeed ah sida ka qayb iyo badh arrinta, siiyeen koox ka mid ah physicists hogaaminayo Dzh.Tomsonom John.. In 1897 ay baarayaan rays cathode, qeexaa sida lacag tiro-to-electronic run, oo waxaan ka helay in ratio this kuma xirna waxyaabaha cathode ah. Tallaabada xigta ee aqoonta dabiiciga ah ee electron ka dhigay Becquerel ee 1900. In uu tijaabo, waxaa la cadeeyay in rays beta radium ayaa sidoo kale kubad duurka koronto, oo ay ratio mass-ka-mas'uul ka siman yihiin in ay rays cathode ah. Waxay ahayd incontestable cadeyn u tahay in electron - waa "ah gabal madax banaan" eb walax kasta. Ka dibna, in 1909, Robert Millikan in tijaabo la dhibco saliid waxa berrinka korontada dhacay, waxay ahayd inay awoodaan inay ku qiyaasto xoog koronto oo isku miisaamaya ciidanka ee cuf. Markaas waxay noqotay loo yaqaan qiimaha hoose, ie , Mas'uul ka wada yar:

EO = - 1,602176487 (49) * 10-19 kl.

Taasi waxay ahayd filan oo ay ku electron mass waxaa loo xisaabiyaa:

i = 9,10938215 (15) * 10-31kg.

Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in hadda si oo dhan, laakiin waxa ay aheyd kaliya bilowgii Jidka dheer ee aqoonta dabiiciga ah ee electron ah.

Waayo, physics ismarinwaa muddo dheer weli ay leedahay in la xaqiijiyay, laakiin waxa laftiisa uu sheegayaa dabeecadda dheeraad ah oo laba-soo foodsaarayso of electron ah: hantida farsamo galmada muujinaysaa walxaha, iyo in tijaabo on faragelin ah looxyo waaweyn electron ku dildilaaca isku midka ah muujiyey dabeecadda la ruxruxo. xaadirka ah ee runtu waxay ku yimaadeen ee 1924, markii ugu horeysay de Broglie siiyey wax oo dhan, iyo electron, sidoo kale, hirarka, la odhan jiray ka dib, iyo in 3 sano Pauli dhameystirtay formation of fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee makaanikada galmada ku tilmaamay nooca galmada ee Qurub. Markaas, Warega Erwin Schrödinger iyo Paul Dirac - midba midka kale dhammaystira, waxay heleen isleegyo si ay u sharxaan nuxurka electron, taas oo mass electron iyo Planck ee joogto ah, qiimaha galmada ka muuqataa ruxruxaa sifooyinka dhex - inta jeer iyo Milanello.

Dabcan, khiyaanadooda this of Qurub hoose lahaa cawaaqib xeel dheer. Waqti ka, waxaa caddaatay in dabeecadaha electron a free waa walax (tusaale - rays cathode ah) - waa ma la mid ah sida in of electron ee foomka of koronto ee baraf. Waayo, electron a free, ay mass waxaa loo yaqaan "mass of electron ah." Dabeecadda jirka ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha mass electron xaalado kala duwan soo socota ka xaqiiqda ah in ay tamar ku xiran tahay u damaysay field magnetic bannaan, taas oo ku dhaqaaqdo. Qoto dheer "disassembly" ayaa tilmaamaya in duurka ku magnetic dhaqaaqin electrons ee kaari ah, halkii, socodka hadda ka jirta wax ka, kuma xirna baaxadda sidayaal amarka, iyo miisaanka oo dhan. Dhinaca kale, cufnaanta magnetic field tamarta loo siman yahay cufnaanta ee tamarta ogeed oogay dhaqaaqin, halka koritaanka tamarta tani waa dhab ahaan u dhiganta mass sii kordhaya ee sidayaal amarka, loo yaqaan "mass wax ku ool ah". Falanqeey loo gooyay in ay tahay wax dheeraad ah mass electron lacag la'aan ah / 2λ jeer, halkaas oo a - masaafada u dhaxaysa diyaaradaha boodboodaya kaari, λ - qoto dheer ee duurka ku magnetic of lakabka maqaarka.

physics The of walxaha mass of electron waa mid ka mid ah geysid tixraaca. Biography of electron ma aha in ka badan - had iyo waxbarashada ku habboon iyo baahida loo qabo, halkaas oo ay u dhaqmo sida qaybgale si joogto ah. Waxa ay muddo dheer ahayd cad in, inkasta oo yar yar, oo sahlan, iyo waxa aan caalamka - ma tallaabo hal.