Jet Jarmal "Messerschmitt-262", taariikhda abuurista, sifooyinka design, sawiro

-Xawaaraha sare turbojet dagaal-interceptor Messerschmitt ME-262 Schwalbe ( «Messerschmitt ME-262 Liqidda") muuqday dagaalka kaliya ee 1944. Waxaan ma dhihi karo si dhab ah, baabuur this waxaa loogu tala galay waxa ka shaqeeya. Tijaabo la diyaarada sii joogay tan iyo dagaalka. Isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii dagaalka ah (oo ay ku jirto habeen), qarxiyay iyo diyaaradaha sahan. Mashiinka ahaa hal iyo double, dagaal iyo tababar. Waxaa la aasaasay nidaamka cusub ee soo degtey indha la ', qalabka raadaarka tijaabo indhaha ku tijaabiyey, qoryaha of calibers kala duwan, iyo qalab dheeraad ah oo tijaabo ah. warshadaha Jarmal ayaa la sii daayay 25 versions of diyaaradda.

"Messerschmitt-262" wuxuu ahaa ugu horeysay engine jet mass-soo saaray dunida ee, qayb ka mid ah si toos ah in colaad qaadan. Kooxda Jarmalka ayaa waxaa loo bixiyey "liqaysaa» (Schwalbe), Maraykanka iyo Ingiriiska - "Petrel» (Petrel). Ilaa iyo dhamaadka mashiinada dagaalka ee warshadaha ee Jarmal ee 1433 la sii daayay. Sidaas darteed, "ayuu Messerschmitt ME-262" la oran karo waa ugu baahsan diyaaradaha jet ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida.

Taariikhda diyaaradda

Waxaa laga yaabaa in mid ka mid ahaa diyaarad model ayaa maray dhibaatooyin badan oo geedi socodka ka mid ah formation, sida "Messerschmitt-262". History of abuurka ah ee this mashiinka, horumarka iyo keeno si wax soo saarka mass of adag ma aha oo kaliya by dib u dhac maamul iyo maaliyad la'aan, laakiin sidoo kale carqaladaha kaladuwan ee farsamada.

Duulimaadkeedii ugu horeysay, sida ay soo sheegeen A. Speer - Wasiirka gacmaha Jarmal, diyaarada ka dhigay bil ka hor weeraradii ciidamada Jarmal on Midowga Soofiyeeti. In model ugu horeysay, ka-ME 262 ayaa matoorada qalab la isticmaalay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma ay awood ku filan. sanadka soo socda waxaa la go'aamiyay in la isticmaalo matoorada diyaaradaha Jumo-004, taas oo ay diyaarisay oo biloowday inay soo saarto shirkadda "Junkers".

Taariikhda ogyahay xaqiiqada badan marka tabo cusub socda buriyay qiimaha buuxa ee qarnigii hore ee hubka. "Messerschmitt-262" la oran karo waa mid ka mid ah kuwa. Faa'iidada of mishiinka cusub horteeda diyaaradaha cadowga ahaayeen cad, laakiin cudurada caruurta ee dhaqaalaha Jarmal ah ayaa noqday caqabad aan laga gudbi ay wax soo saarka mass.

Waxaa ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay ku tar horumarinta diyaaradda ay taariikhda oo dhan waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: marka hore, unreliability oo ka mid ah matoorada diyaaradaha Jumo, kuwaas oo ku qalabaysan "Messerschmitt-262". Waxay soo shaqeeyay aad kalsoonaan karin in jawiga rarefied oo loo baahan yahay sharraxaado dheer iyo taxadir. Second, banjarin dhajinta on undercarriage wheel sidoo kale tayada aan kala duwan. Waxay inta badan qarxaan inta lagu guda jiro caga, laakiin xawaaraha degtey diyaarad ka ahaa kaliya 190 km / h. Wada jir ah ula ciidamada adag iyo xaaladda siyaasadeed ee Germany iyo go'aan darro amarka sare inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha diyaarad cusub, xaaladahan keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay "Messerschmitt ME-262" (photo kor ku xusan) muuqday garoonka dagaalka ee qeybtii labaad ee 1944, iyadoo dib u semi-sanadlaha . Isagu ma uu noqon karaa hub mucjiso ah, kaas oo la rajaynayo in Adolf Hitler, caawin lahaa Germany dib u sarraynta ee hawada ee Europe. Laakiin waxa dhacay.

Marka cilladaha oo dhan ayaa la saxayo, ee samaynta Jarmal, waxaa caddaatay in dhammaan sifooyinka waxqabadka ee mashiinka cusub baa ka hadhay ilaa hadda ka dambeeya xuduudaha ka diyaaradaha huwanta. Dhisey of diyaarad "Messerschmitt-262" si fudud la tixgelin karo masterpiece ah warshadaha ee duulimaadyada gudaha.

description

The diyaaradaha model ugu dambeeyay "Messerschmitt-262", dhismaha ah taas oo aan u ekaa mashiinka jet jeer oo casri ah, waxa la shaqeeya by laba turbofan matoorada iyo baalashooda howlgal si toos ah. The xawaaraha dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu badnaan waxay ahayd abbaaraha 850 km / h. height A ee 9000 mitir oo uu helay in ka badan 7 daqiiqo. sare ugu badnaan ahayd 11, 000 oo mitir. Hubka waa in la ogaadaa afar 30mm MK 108 madfac, qarax kasta oo si fudud u keeni kara hoos Qarax culus. Waxay la diyaarin nooc oo mid kasta oo ka mid ah baalasheeda, mid ka mid kor ku xusan oo kale ah. Waxa kale oo jiray suurtagalnimada ee kor ku rakibidda 12 gantaallo mortarro.

Allied jawaabayey ah ee "Messerschmitt-262"

Dadku haysto sokeeye Yurub Sky yaabeen by muuqaalka kore ee ku-ME 262. Inta badan oo dhan, tani ma aha la yaab leh sida qarxiyay Maraykan ah, caadaysteen in ay sameeyaan weeraro maalintii taqsiir la'aan on magaalooyinka Jarmal iyo goobaha military. Waxa ay u muuqatay wax yar ka badan oo faa'iido ah hawada oo dhan lagu lumin doonaa.

Laakiin si ay u caawiyaan Anglo-Americans, Adolf Hitler si lama filaan ah u yimid. Xaqiiqada ah in asal ahaan Jarmalka si guul leh loo isticmaalo jet "Messerschmitt-262" sida a dagaal-interceptor. Fuhrer waxaa si xoog leh ka dalbaday in ay isticmaalaan diyaaradaha sida qarxiyay-xawaaraha sare ah, awood ma bixinta si ay dagaalyahanada mucaaradka dareenka, carqaladeeyo muuqaalka kore ee Xulafada on goobta Yurub ee colaadaha.

duuliye Jarmal qarnigan baabuur cusub

In 1943, si ay u tijaabiso baabuur cusub u dhacay si shakhsi ah taliyaha dayuuradaha dagaalka ee Luftwaffe Guud Adolf Galland. dareenkaa ayaa wuxuu muujiyay sida weedh gaaban: "Gaariga waxa loo duulaya sida haddii ay waa malaa'igo." Sida laga soo xigtay pilot kale, Jörg Stsypionski, "Messerschmitt-262" (photos of kaas oo ku jira in maqaalka) aan si gaar ah u adag tahay si ay u maareeyaan. Waxa ugu weyn ee - in ay sameeyaan wax kasta sida tilmaamaha, ka dibna mishiinka aamusnaan dhaqmaan doonaa, oo ma noqon doonto cadho. Maaddaama ay heerka sare aan caadi ahayn inta badan ku jirtay waqti ay ku qabsadaan diyaaradaha cadowga hortiisa dagaalka. Xaaladdan oo kale, duuliyaha boqor ka noqday booska.

hub ciidan ee diyaarada ahaa sidaas u xoog badan in mid ka mid ah kubad uu ahaa ku filan si ay u ahaa oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa duuliye khibrad aan ku jiray si fudud si ay ula qabsadaan mashiinka Shrew ah. Waxaa loo baahan yahay dib-u-tababarka loo baahan yahay, taas oo loo baahan yahay waqti badan.

Dagaalka ah "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Mid ka mid ah horjeeda soodajiyo ee Hitler iyo xalalka Goering loo isticmaalo dagaalka "Messerschmitt-262" sida qarxiyay ahaa taliyaha diyaaradda dagaalka ee Luftwaffe, halyeeyga ah oo ka mid ah Battle of Britain, Adolf Galland. Bishii Janaayo 1945, inta lagu guda jiro kulanka, oo goob joog ka ahaa kooxda maamulka dhan ee duulimaadyada ee Germany, wuxuu si cad u muujiyeen shaki ah oo ku saabsan aqoonta ee Goering sida taliyaha raxan hawada ee dalka. Sidaas darteed of guud madax adag ka soo baxay xafiiska ganaax. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan quusan.

Si ay u caddeeyaan kiiska, Galland bixiyey si ay u sameeyaan xidhiidh gaar ah oo hoos amarkiisa, qalabaynta ay diyaarad "Messerschmitt ME-262." Aasaasidda shaqaalaha, iyo kuwo kale ku qoran Gerhard Barhorna (waagaas waxay lahayd 301 guul anteenada), Heinz Baer (220 guul), Walter Krupinski (197 guul), Johannes Shteynhoffa (176 guul), Gunther Lutzow (108 Saamiga) iyo al. xarunta ayaa waxaa la odhan jiray "dagaalka qayb ka" Yagdferband 744 (J744) ».

Biography Short "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Bishii Maarso 1945, xarunta xidhiidhka cusub waxa uu ku yaalaa garoonka Munich-Riem, halkaas oo bilaabay xado armadas of qarax Allied dhigay weerarada maalintii on Germany. In ka badan bil of this hodannimo unugyada hawada aqoonyahanada dalka waxaa jiray hore u 45 diyaaradaha toogtay diyaaradaha hoos huwanta. Laakiin waxaa muddo dheer socday. May 3, 1945, ayay ka adkaadeen Xulafada ee Salzburg.

Adolf Galland isaga qudhiisuna ma diidi meela ee diyaaradda. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay howl badan inay dhexda Allied qarax weerarada. On 25 April, inta lagu guda jiro mid ka mid ah uu ka dhacay oo ah cover dagaalka American "Ripablik P-47." pilot ayaa waxaa ku dhaawacmay labada jilib iyo waxa uu awoodi waayay in si sax ah uu dagaal oo duurka ku soo aaday iyadoo craters.

Victory duuliye Jarmal

Guushii ugu horeysay ee isteerinka ee jet ah "Messerschmitt-262" waxaa ku guuleysatay Adolf Schreiber. waxyaalahaas waxay u dhaceen dhacdo June 26, 1944. Waxa intaa dheer in duuliyayaasha kuwan "Messerschmitt-262" caawiyay warkiisii Franz Schall - ILA-262 on, waxa uu dhaliyay 14 guul (wadarta 137), Herman Buchner - 12 (58), George Peter Eder - 12 (78), Erich Rudorferu - 12 (222) , Carl Shnorreru - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), Walter Nowotny (wadarta 248 Saamiga), iyo kuwa kale.

duuliye Jarmal tixgeliyaa "Messerschmitt-262" waa sidaas invulnerable in geesinimo galaan dagaalka iyada oo tirada weyn u xoogbadan oo ay soo horjeeda. Tusaale ahaan, March 19, 1945 28 duuliye Jarmal, isagoo macalin u ah "Mesershmittov-262", kamana ay cabsan in daruur weyn ee diyaaradaha American dagaalamaan, ka kooban oo ka mid ah 1,300 oo qarax iyo cover 750 dagaalyahan. In kasta oo ay tiradoodu yar, waxay awoodi karaan inay overclock Armada oo dhan ahaayeen, ka hortagga huurada on mid ka mid ah goobaha ee Germany.

Sokeeye dirireen-ME 262

In iska hor imaad toos ah la "Messerschmitt-262" ee diyaaradaha wax Allied waxaa lagu xukumay soo gaartay. Luminta uu xawaaraha, dhaqdhaqaaq iyo awood hubka, guul xitaa aan ku riyoon kari. Weli dulduleelkooda laga helay. xataa mid ma aha. Xaqiiqada ah in dayuuradaha dagaalka ah "Messerschmitt-262" muuqatay in ay aad u nugul inta lagu guda jiro duushay oo soo degtey. At daqiiqado kuwan, oo waxaa la go'aamiyay in la sameeyo bet ah ee mucaaradka isaga.

In meesha ugu horeysa ee ciidamada oo dhan waxaa lagu tuuray on sahaminta ee aerodromes, kuwaasi oo ay ku salaysan tahay "Gurata" Jarmal. Ka dib markii in, ay runway waxaa la hoos geliyey duqeyn arxan. Tani waxaa la qaso dhulka ku dhawaad maalin kasta. Waxaa socday inta "Messerschmitt-262", ku salaysan ee garoonka diyaaradaha, ma qaado meel kale.

Waxa kale oo aanu ognahay dhowr xaqiiqooyinka halligaadda "Messers" on duushay. Sidaas daraaddeed, October 7, 1944, Lieutenant Urban Drew, duulaya dhulka cadowga, wuxuu arkay in lagu bilaabo garoonka diyaaradaha labo ka mid ah dayuuradaha. Isticmaalka faa'iido ah ee dhererka iyo xawaaraha, duuliyaha geesinimo weeraray cadowga iyo hoos u toogtay laba, ma jidaynayey dial xawaaraha.

Dhowr ME-262 ayaa la burburiyay in dagaalka cirka ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, November 8, 1944 mid ka mid ah ACES ee Luftwaffe ee Walter Nowotny, kuwaas oo lagu toogtay ka hor 258 diyaaradaha cadowgu hoos inta lagu jiro xiriir weerar ismiidaamin American la hoos u toogtay mid ka mid ah dagaalyahanada uu daboolaya "Mustang P-51."

Features "Messerschmitt-262"

Dhererka diyaaradda waa 10.6 m, a height - 3.8 m, Raven - 12.5 m, aagga garabka -. 21.8 m Miisaanka baabuurta madhan ahaa 3800 kg, miisaan duushay caadi ah - 6400 kg ah oo miisaankiisu yahay duushay ugu badnaan - 7140 kg. wiish saqafka la taaban karo waa 11 km. xawaaraha ugu badan ee height ugu ahaa 855 km / h. On hubka ka koobnayd 4 qoryaha MK - 108 ayaa sidoo kale waxa uu awoodaa in la dhiso 12 R4M gantaalo mortarro.

Winners jet "Messerschmitt-262": Xulafada

Winners jet "Messerschmitt" ka mid sokeeye, ma aad u badan. Wixii qaybta ugu Jarmalka "Gurata" baabbi'iyey dhulka ku, aan iyaga siiyey fursad ay ku kici. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos u keenay "Messerschmitt-262" waxa laga diiwaan geliyey caddaalad Bendraulta George. (386 FS), Lieutenant Mueller (GM 353rd), Major H. Connor (GM 78aad), sarkaalka-pilot Bob Cole ( 3-koox dad ah RAF), Lt. Wanka (GM 78aad), Wilson Lt. (401-aan koox dad ah hawada Canadian) iyo kuwo kale.

Winners jet "Messerschmitt-262": Eastern Front

Waxa intaa dheer in masraxa Western Yurub ee hawlgalada, waxaa jiray "Messerschmitt-262" iyo Front Bari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macluumaad ku saabsan this xad bakhayli. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, liiska ku guuleysatay ka mid ah "Messerschmitt-262" waxaa ku jira magacyada iyo ACES Soviet. Si rasmi ah diiwaan jet "Messers" fiilo uu account leedahay Ivan Kozhedub Leo Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov Yakov Okolepov iyo Aleksandr Dolgunov. Ajnabiga ee liiska this waa in lagu daraa laba magacyada more: Harry Merkviladze, Pilot 152 th ilaalada Ciidankii iyo Vladimir E. ka 402 th Fighter Wing.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiijinta guul ay archives ka helay.

gunaanad

Wixii oo dhan dagaalkii labaad ee dunida warshadaha Jarmal la dhisay oo u soo diray inuu hore ee diyaaradaha ee 1433, "Messerschmitt-262" oo ay ku jiraan beddelka kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma baabuurta oo dhan ka qayb qaatay colaadaha. La'aanta shidaalka, la'aanta shaqaale tayo leh iyo la'aanta ah ee airfields ku haboon guriga (baabuur looga baahan yahay runway kordhin) door muhiim ah in qaddar ee diyaaradaha jet ugu horeysay adduunka ee "Messerschmitt ME-262." Oo weliba wuxuu calaamad weyn ku hadhay taariikhda duulista dunida. Ka dib markii uu u saftay calaamadsan bilowgii xilligii Duulista jet.