Great Northern War, ka Battle of Narva: description, sababaha, taariikhda iyo cawaaqibka

Battle of Narva - mid ka mid ah dagaallada ugu weyn ee Chronicle ee Peter I. Dhab ahaantii, waxa uu ahaa dagaalkii ugu horeysay ee weyn ee gobolka dhallinyarada Ruush. Inkastoo ay dhamaatay arrin xun, waayo, Russia, iyo Peter aan, dagaalka this laga yaabaa in aan la overemphasized. Waxaa tusay oo dhan ku liito ciidanka Ruush iyo su'aalo badan oo xun oo ku saabsan hubka iyo saadka saaray. xal Xiga in dhibaatooyinkan ayaa xoogaystay ciidanka, waxa ka mid ah ugu guul waqti qaadashada. Iyo bilowgii of this dagaal ee Narva. Si kooban oo ku saabsan dhacdo isku dayi doonaa in lagu qeexo in this article.

prehistory

Bilowgii hor imaad Ruush-Swedish la oran karo waa khilaaf qarxay at gabagabeeyo soddon sannadood dunida Turkish. Geedi socodka ah ee heshiiskan la carqaladeeyey yaabaa sabab u tahay iska caabin Swedish xoog leh. Markii aan maqlay oo ku saabsan mucaaradka sida, boqorkii amray in ay ka saarid ah safiirka Swedish Knieper-taajkii ka Moscow, iyo wakiilka in Sweden lagu amray in ay dagaal ku saabsan boqortooyada. Isla mar ahaantaana, Peter aan diyaar u ah inay ku dhameysan dunida shaqada ahayd, in dalka Iswiidan wuxuu isaga siiyey qalcaddii Narva.

Karl XII helay daaweyn arin argagax ah sida oo qaaday countermeasures. Oo sidii amarka of hantida Ruush safaaradda oo dhan ayaa la wareegay, iyo dhammaan xubnaha - ayaa la xiray. Intaa waxaa dheer, Boqorka Sweden amar ku bixiyeen xarigga hantida baayacmushtariyaasha Ruush, iyo si ay u isticmaalaan in ay waajib culus u gaar ah. Ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ku dhintay iyo maxbuusnimo, iyo murugo. Charles ahaa diyaar u ah inay la dagaalamaan.

Peter waxaan helay xaaladda this aan la aqbali karin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu oggol yahay in uu ka tago Russia iyo kuwa iswiidhishka oo dhan ma qabta hantidooda. Sayidka bilaabay Northern War Great. Battle of Narva ahaa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu horreeya ee khilaafka this.

Bilowgii iska hor imaad ah

Isku dayga in ay jebiyaan in xeebaha bari, ciidamada Ruush ee August 1700 hogaaminayo hareeraynta of Narva. Under qalcadda Swedish ka mid ah lixdii regiments Novgorod taliyihii Prince Trubetskoy soo diray, marka lagu daro, in la xoojiyo booska ciidamada Ruush si toos ah hoos Narva ayaa loo raray awr Tiri Golovin iyo regiments ka haray isaga kooxdiisana. qalcaddayda waxaa la hoos geliyey qaraxyo fara badan. kaas oo dhowr jeer keentay in dabka halis ah. Ruush in degdeg ma si ay u weeraraan darbiyada si fiican u ilaaliyo, rajaynaynin bixinta deg deg ah Narva.

Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan ay dareemeen la'aanta ah ee Baaruud, qolofka, sii xumaatay siin qodobada, urta khiyaamo qaran. Mid ka mid ah saraakiishii, kuwaas oo lahaa oo xididdada Swedish, xadgudbay dhaartii oo wuxuu tegey in cadowgu ku. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu si looga fogaado bogsashada ee kiisaska noocaas ah, wareejiyo reserve ee ajnabiga ah kuwaas oo lagu qabtay jagooyinka amarka, iyo waxyaalaha moolka dheer oo Russia, darto Saf iyaga u soo diray. November 18, Peter aan si shaqsi ah u tageen inay Novgorod si loo raad ku qeybinayay oo sahay ciidan iyo raashin. go'doomintii sii waday ayaa la aaminay in ay de Duke ee Croy iyo Prince F. Ya. Dolgorukovu.

Bixitaan Ciidamada Ruush

Waa in la ogaadaa in Battle of Narva ee 1700 waxaa loogu talagalay hawlaha weerar firfircoon - Ciidamada Ruush qaaday in ku haboon yihiin oo kaliya dib u gurasho firfircoon, laakiin ma aha, waayo, difaaca. Qaybta sare ee kooxihii Butros ayaa u taagay oo khafiif ah oo ay weheliyaan dhererka line of dhowaad todobo kiiloomitir u. Waxa aan ahaa in meelaha ay, iyo madaafiic - sababta oo ah yaraanta ba'an oo rasaas ah waa in degdeg ugu jirin inay soo qaato jagooyinka ay kala wereegeen of Narva. Sidaas daraaddeed ciidanka Ruush kulmay waagu of November 19, 1700. Markaas dagaalka Narva bilaabay.

weerar of Sweden

Ka faa'iidaysanaya maqan boqorka, ciidamada Swedish, hoos cover of Baraf iyo ceeryaamo dhaqaaqay weerar. Karl XII abuuray labo kooxood oo shaqo joojin kuwaas oo u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan oo difaaca ee Ruushka ee xarunta iyo mid ka mid ah oo xanjaadka. weerar muhim Ruush qasnaa, saraakiil badan oo qalaad ciidamada Butros uu hogaaminayo Croix de strontium ku wareegay in cadowgu ku. Battle of Narva shaaca ka qaaday oo dhan ku liito ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka. tababar military Bad iyo Command khiyaanay dhameystirtay quusiyeen ah - ciidamada Ruush carareen.

bixitaanka A ka booska

gurasho Ruush ... Tiro badan oo dad ah iyo qalab ciidan kala sooc lahayn, awelna loola Bridge Old ku Narva Webiga. Under miisaankiisu yahay xad-dhaaf ah ee biriijka dumay, hoos jajabkiisa taago dad badan. Maxaa yeelay, dayuurada guud, iyo awr ee Boyar Sheremetev, jagooyinka Ruush daba socon dhulka haystay, dhintay argagax guud oo bilaabay inuu ku qasbi dabaasha Narva ah. Battle of Narva aheyd mid run ah laga badiyay.

counterattack

Preobrazhensky iyo Semenovski - - oo kaliya in ay iska caabin ah iyo geesinimo laba regiments gaar ah mahad weerar ku guuldareysatay inay xannibi Sweden. Waxay joojiyeen argagax iyo si guul leh caabiyay Ciidamada boqornimada. si tartiib tartiib ah ku biiray by haraadiga haray unugyada Ruush in regiments nool ah. Dhowr jeer Karl XII shakhsi keentay dalka Iswiidan in ay weerarka, laakiin mar kasta oo uu lahaa u Dumayn. Galab, colaad ka Xasishay. Wadahadalada bilaabay.

heshiiska Narva

Battle of Narva ku dhamaaday guuldarro for Ruush, balse laf-dhabar u ah ciidanka ka badbaaday. Ka sakow xaaladaha adag ee ciidamada Butros, Karl XII ma hubin guusha shuruud la'aan ah Sweden, sidaas aqbalay shuruudaha heshiis nabadeed. Dadka ka soo horjeeda ayaa galay heshiis ka yar taas oo loo ogolaaday inuu noqda ciidamada Ruush. Marka remelting on dhinaca kale ee dalka Iswiidan ku Narva qabsadeen saraakiil dhowr ah oo wada qaatay hubka. nabad ceebta, taasoo ku calaamadsan bilowgii ceeb Narva socday in ku dhow afar sano. Kaliya ka dib markii ay Battle of Narva ee 1704, waxaa la siiyaa fursad ay barbaraha ee uu dhaliyay ciidamada dalka Ruushka ee dagaalka this. Laakiin taasi waa sheeko kale.

Natiijooyinka ceeb Narva

Battle of bandhig Narva of backwardness ciidanka Ruush, xataa waayo aragnimo daciif ah ka hor inta ciidamada yar. In dagaal 1700 dhinaca dalka Iswiidan ku diriray oo keliya ku saabsan 18 kun oo qof ka dhanka ah ciidanka tridtsatipyatitysyachnoy Ruush. Xiriirin La'aan, logistics saboolka ah, tababarrada oo liita iyo hub dhacsan - kuwanu waa sababta ugu weyn ee kulankii Narva. Ka dib markii la falanqeeyo sababaha Peter ayaan ku urursan on tababarka ciidamada, iyo sida ugu fiican ee Guud ayuu u diray inay bartaan arrimaha military dibadda. Mid ka mid ah hawlaha mudnaanta leh waxay ahayd in ay dib ciidankii la hardware ciidamada ugu dambeeyay. Muddo dhawr sano ee Peter waxaan u habaynta ciidamada ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ciidamada dalka Ruushka waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah awooda badan ee Yurub.