Shogunate - waa nidaam absolutist ee Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate

Segunat- waa mid ka mid ah muddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee taariikhda Japan, qarniyadii dhexe iyo in times casriga ah. In Millennium labaad ee Japan, waxaa jiray dhowr Shogunate, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ka qayb qaatay dhismaha dalka casriga ah ee Qorraxda oo soo Muuqata.

Sababaha iyo aasaaskii ururka ruuxiga ah ee shogunate ku Minamoto

Sida aad ogtahay, doonaya in la beddelo bulshada taas oo ay jirto lahayn. In boqortooyada tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay oo ka mid ah sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed ee dalka ayaa noqday a tafaraaruqa dhulgoosadka. la'aanta ah ee dhexe iyo midnimada keenaysaa in cawaaqib dhaqaale oo daran iyo-goosato ah ciidamada soo noqnoqda in kaliya dumay Japan ay horey u deganayn. Sababaha ugu weyn ee beddelo qalab siyaasadeed waa:

• qaybsanaanta dhulgoosadka;
• maqnaanshaha xiriir dhaqaale oo xoog leh oo u dhexeeya gobollada,
• awood u wiiqday gooyo.

Shogunate ugu horeeyay ee jirey ka 1192 si ay u 1335. Isbedelada nolosha dalka saamaynta sii kordhaysa ee waxbaristii Zen Budhiism. Tani cilmiga si tartiib tartiib ah u noqday ka mid ah wareegyada military baahsan. xiriir ahaa oo saldhigyada diinta iyo awoodda military Sumarai ee keentay in faham oo ka mid ah wareegyada inay iyagu maamulaan. Sumarai saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan horumarinta Japan.

Shogunate - muddo ah isbedel la taaban karo ee Japan

Ilaa bilowgii qarnigii XIII ah, heerka horumarka ah ee dalka ku hadhay oo aad u hooseeya. fadhiidka ah Tani waxay sii wadi lahaa oo ay sii wadaan, haddii ma jirin isbeddel ku fikirka ah ee qaar ka mid ah aristocracy milatariga iyo dhulgoosadka, kuwaas oo si xoog yimid dhamaadkii qarnigii XII ah.

Maxaa isbedel ku dhacay kadib markii ay ka imanayaan shogun ah? Ogsoonow in si degdeg ah nolosha aan soo hagaagtay, sababta oo ah waxa aan suurtogal aheyn waa. Waqtigaas, sida hadda, wax badan ku xiran yihiin waxqabadka ganacsiga. In macnaha guud ee gasiirado badan iyo goobo yar oo dalka sale guul noqon karaa oo keliya at horumarinta raxan ah. The guusha ugu muhiimsan ee ahaa horumarinta magaalooyinka shoguns dekedda, in la kordhiyo badda baayacmushtarka ku socotay ah. Tusaale ahaan, qarnigii XI waxaa ka joogay magaalooyinkii badan ama ka yar weyn 40 oo keliya, iyo in qarnigii XVI ka, tiro le'eg yihiin magaalooyinkiinna iman dhawi 300.

Xilligii shogunate ah - waxaa ku nasanayay farsamada gacanta. Sida la og yahay, in Dr Makumbe Europe, waxaa jiray siminaaro farsamada. Masters, kuwaas oo soo galay dukaanka, shaqayn karaan si guul leh. Sidaas halkan waxaan si tartiib tartiib bilaabay inay sameystaan ururo ku qabtaan. ururo la mid ah ayaa ka mid ah ganacsiga sameeyay. Waxaa cad in ganacsiga dhaqanka la-hawlgalayaal la isku halleyn karo, sidaas saamaynta formation of ururada sida uu ahaa cad.

Liibaan oo muuqda ee Epoch ee shogunate hore ka gudbaan kala qaybsanaanta dhulgoosadka. nooca ugu weyn ee lahaanshaha dhul dalka ayaa noqday qoondeysnaa Sumarai yar, taas oo ay heshay adeeg ciidan.

Sababaha nooleenta ee shogunate ee qarnigii XVII ah

Tokugawa shogunate - cadaanyo dhaqanka u ah bulshada Japanese in dhacdooyinka ka dhacay gobolka qeybtii bartamihii bishii labaad ee qarnigii XVI ka. soo socda labaad Sumarai si xoog, wuxuu lahaa sababaha ay macquul ah:

• sii qaybsanaanta dhulgoosadka;
• gaabis horumarinta dhaqaalaha dalka;
• ah ee baabuurta Yurub iyo horumarinta tartiib ah ganacsiga Portugal iyo dalalka kale ee Yurub.

Ugu muhiimsan iyo daran ee mawduuca ku Sumarai ahaa ah ee xubno ka shisheeye (Yurub) kuwaas oo u yimid xiriir la dhaqanka bulshada dalku qarniyo in la hayo xiriir dhow la leh kooxaha dhaqanka Shiinaha ee iyo Korea. Taariikhyahanada ayaa aaminsan in abuuritaanka xiriir la Europe ahaa wadadii macquul ah si ay u xoojiyaan halganka la abuuro of a dowlad dhexe.

Japan ee qarniyo XVII-XIX

Xilligii shogunate - waa muujin ka timid absolutism ee Japan. Dabcan, ha iloobin jiritaanka guri ammaan ah Imperial, laakiin xoogga qof, kuwaas oo ahaa more ruuxi badan cilmaani ah. Itobiya shogunate abuuray a state "xiran". The dekedaha Japanese laga reebay inay soo galaan Maraakiibta Yurub. Haddii dhammaan markab lama filaan ah sida a ahaa ee dekeda, markabka ahaa rigoore. go'doomin Tani socday muddo 250 sano ah, ilaa bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah.

Haddii aan ka hadlo Shogunate Tokugawa ah la soo koobo, tani waa muddada cadaadis total on isku duba riday. Si rasmi ah serfdom dalka ma ahaa, laakiin dhulka badan ridayeen weli iska amiirradii dhulgoosadka weyn. canshuuraha kala duwan, cashuuraha ka yaroow, kaas oo la soo bandhigay si rasmi ah lagu tiriyaa ku saabsan 60% of dalagga.

nidaamka fasalo

Shogunate - a nidaamka dawladda, taas oo ahayd in ay sii nidaamkii hore dhaqanka. In gobolka of nidaamka fasalka la soo bandhigay. Tirada dadka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey 4 kooxood: beeralayda, farsamo, samurais, baayacmushtariyadii. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee horyaalka heerka this: ilaalinta ee hadda jira wakhtiga amarka bulshada, marka xoogga shogun iyo booska mudan Sumarai ayaa la gartay dafiri karin.

class baayacmushtariga oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay guryaha ka hoosayso, laakiin run ahaantii waxa uu ahaa dheeraad ah oo ku guul badan yaroow iyo farsamo. Magaaladu waxay sii waday si ay u horumariyaan. Waagaas ee Japan wuxuu ahaa in ka badan 300 magaalo iyo Magaalo. The salaysan horumarinta magaalooyinka ayaa ganacsiga firfircoon u dhexeeya jasiiradaha iyo dalalka deriska ah (China, Korea), iyo sidoo kale tiro badan oo ah ururada farsamada gacanta.