2 Philip, Boqorka Spain, taariikhda nolosha iyo qoyska. xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Philippe 2 - Spanish King. Biography kooban oo ahaa taliyihii muujinaysaa ku kaligiitalinimo iyo qallafsanaan uu qof. In muddo this oo boqornimadiisa - iyadoo awoodda ugu sareysa ee dalka.

Philip 2 taariikhda Spain

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada this Boqortooyada - 1527-1598 GG. Kuwaas oo ahaa Philip 2 Isbaanish? Awoowayaasha taliyihii - Charles V iyo Isabella of Portugal. Wuxuu ku dhashay Valladolid boqorkii mustaqbalka. Intii lagu guda jiray booqasho uu ku hantiyeen iyo Germany, Netherlands iyo Italy, Boqortooyada mustaqbalka isla markiiba dareemay maadooyinka cadaawad. Ka dibna, ay is fahan labada dhinac ayaa lagu darey by xaqiiqada ah in taliyaha si fiican uma ogaan luqad kasta Los Blancos marka laga reebo.

carruurnimada

2 Spanish Philip qaatay uu carruurnimada ee Castile. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa Emperor of Rome iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa in dhulka Hapsburg. Tan iyo 1516, Charles V ayaa sidoo kale ahaa boqorkii dalka Spain. Waxa uu meesha ka saaray, safraya North Africa iyo Europe. Valladolid iyo Toledo ahaayeen magaalooyinka waaweyn Ros Filipp 2 Isbaanish. qoyska si dhib leh ku arkay aabbihiis. Arimaha gobolka dalbaday in Charles V ahayd si joogto ah la joogo in dhulal ku hoosaysiiyey isaga. Marka Philip dhintay hooyadiis, isagu ma uu ahaa 12. In sanadaha hore uu horumariyo jacaylka ah ee dabiiciga ah. Kalluumaysiga, ugaadhsiga, booqashada nooca noqday kuwa shaqooyinka taas oo ay jirto xasilloonida Philip 2 Isbaanish. The is-miyir of Boqortooyada sidoo kale bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan hore ku filan. Laga soo bilaabo da 'yar oo uu ku kala duwanaayeen ka Dhawrsoonidiinna, jacaylka music. Mentors fajac isaga in rabitaan ah akhriska. Uu maktabad ka koobnaa 14 kun. Buugaag.

hordhac ah si ay xukunka

Philip 2 Spanish (udaabacida photo of Wehbe oo waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in maqaalka) horumariyo aragtidiisa siyaasadeed la qaybqaadashada tooska ah ee aabbihiis. In kasta oo guriga ka maqnaa muddo dheer oo booqasho dhif ah, Charles V isku dayay in qofka, iyada oo loo marayo waraaqaha iyo tilmaamo gaar ah oo uu ina baro in arrimaha maamulka. Aabbihiis had iyo jeer la hadlay oo ku saabsan masuuliyada weyn oo siyaasadeed, baahida loo qabo in ay Ilaah ku kalsoonaadaan. Charles wiilkiisii baaqay in ay dheellitirnaanta iyo caddaalad go'aanada lagu dhiirigelinayaa in ay ilaaliyaan iimaanka jir ah, in aysan ogolaan in kufaar ah xaalad kasta.

Marxaladda bilowga ah ee ay gacanta ku

Intii lagu guda jiray iyada Regency hore (la 1543kii on 1548 GG.) Philip 2 Isbaanish ahaa waayo-aragnimo ugu muhiimsan ee dowladda. Waxa ay taageerayaan tip pilot oo Guddiga ka tirsan. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu had iyo jeer la tashaday aabbihiis, isku duba arrimo badan oo isaga la. Muddadan, Philip 2 Spanish adeegi jireen shaqo ah dual. First of dhan, ayuu u dhaqmeen sida Ninkaas mas'uul. Macnaha halkan, ka dib markii xiisaha siyaasadeed, wuxuu guursaday sanadkii 1543kii in Mary - gabadhii taliyihii Portugal. Marka labaad, Philip 2 Spanish lahaa in aad eegto aad si taxadir leh ugu wax kasta oo dhaca Germany. Waqtigaas, tallaabada ugu weyn ee ku yaala goobahan fuliyay aabbihiis by. Philip, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u awoodaan in la abaabulo khayraadka ee Spain ka ah siyaasadda qaali ah oo dheeraad ah ahayd. In 1547, Charles V adkaaday Brotestanka ah. daqiiqad Tani waxa ay calaamad jiirtii Emperor ee shir of awoodeeda.

Imaanshaha ee Germany

Ka dhaca geyiga dhacdooyinka boqortooyadiisa ka, iyo sidoo kale xaqiiqada ah in wiilkiisa Ferdinand (walaalkiis of Charles), kuwaas oo ku sii taliyayaashii u dabacsanaadaan Brotestanka, Philip aabihiis ansixiyey ee ra'yi ah in ay tahay waqti si ay u diyaariyaan kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga. Waxa uu u sheegay inay u yimaadaan si ay Netherlands iyo Germany. 1548-1559 sano ahaayeen dugsiga dhallinyarada Boqortooyada fiican ee nolosha siyaasadeed ee Yurub. In dayrta ee 1548, Philip 2 Spanish uu aaday dalka Talyaaniga. Ayuu jidka ku joogay isaga iyo wefdigii laba kun ee Milan, Genoa, Trient, Mantua. Markaasuu wuxuu u tallaabay Alps ah, ayaa booqday Heidelberg, Speyer, Munich. Via Luxembourg, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Brussels, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay aabbihiis.

Aqoon Holland

safarka Boqortooyada dhallinyarada ahaa ee la socday iidaha iyo maalmaha fasaxa badan, taas oo qaybta ugu firfircoon qaaday Philip 2 - boqorkii reer Spain. Biography kooban oo waxaa ka buuxa noocyo kala duwan oo dhacdooyin. Sidaas, ka July 1550 ilaa May 1551-th, wuxuu goob joog ka ahaa ee Cuntada ee Augsburg. Halkan Boqortooyada kulmay Ferdinand (adeerkiis) iyo wiilkiisii - Maximilian. In 1549, Philip kormeeray Netherlands. Noqo ogyahay dalka, wuxuu bartay in ay maqsuud. Laga dhoofiyey aragnimada Netherlands si weyn u saameeyay Architecture-ka mid ah beeraha iyo dhismayaasha in ka dib Phillip dhisay Spain. In kaxeynayo qorshaynta iyo ensembles of Boqortooyada qaaday si toos ah qayb ka mid ah. farxaa Gaarka sababay rinjiyeynta Boqortooyada. Si dhakhso ah, uu ururinta waxaa buuxsameen la farshaxankiisa ah fanaaniinta aad u fiican. farshaxankiisa Bosch keliya, waxaa jiray 40.

Loss of xoog Charles V

In 1551 Philip ku soo laabtay Spain muddo 3 sano ah. From waxaa jira, inuu isku dayay inuu u dhaqmaan on gaar ah, taageeridda aabbihiis in kacdoonkii oo ah amiirradii dalka Jarmalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Carl iyo, sida, oo wiilkiisiina wuxuu awood badiyay ee boqortooyadiisa ka. Ferdinand iyo Maximilian ay awoodaan si ay u difaacaan danaha ay Germany ka dhanka line Habsburg noqday, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, hadda waa Spain. In dhamaadka, Charles lahaa in la siiyo imperatorstvo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka aamin hanti Philip ee Italy iyo Netherlands. Territory of dambaysta ah, uu la wareegay a istaraatiiji ilaaliyo guurka inay ina Marii Tyudor, kuwaas oo ahaa wax badan ka weyn isaga ka badan. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, Philip helay boqortooyada Naples. Boqortooyada dhallinyarada u dhaqaaqay London.

Dhimashada aabihii iyo xaaskiisa

Hal sano ka dib dhacdooyinkii caafimaadka Charles ayaa sii xumaatay sida kor lagu sharaxay. Waxa uu wareejiyay wiilkiisa, marka hore Netherlands ka dibna si Spain. Aabaha u qoray in lagu tilmaamo wiilkiisa sida ee 1558, in September, isagu ma uu laba sano oo kale ku dhintay. Laba bilood ka dib, Mary Tudor dhintay. Waxaas oo dhan waxa uu u ogolaaday Philip inuu ku soo laabto ee 1559 ee Spain. Boqortooyada ahaa ee '33. Dhibaato in uu nolashiisa qaaska ah, shan iyo toban sano waayo-aragnimo siyaasadeed isaga nin qaan sameeyey. Philip 2 Spanish sida lahayn Yurub, diyaar u ahayd inay aqbalaan mas'uuliyada aayaha of umadooda.

gool Boqortooyada

Maxaa taliye ahaa Philip 2 Isbaanish? Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee Boqortooyada waxay muujinaysaa in uu fahamsan yahay muhiimadda ay leedahay jiritaankeeda, masuuliyadda, Ilaah qudhiisu ka hor badbaadinta nafaha maadooyinka uu. Goolkiisii kama dambaysta ahaa ilaalinta iyo fidinta oo ka mid ah hanti Hapsburg guriga, bixinta badbaado weerarada Turkish, xasilin ah toobadda, halganka taageerayaashooda ay dhex dibuhabaynta of Church Catholic ah. Siyaabo badan dhibaatada, oo wuxuu iska dhigay, waa inay waafaqsan yihiin kuwa go'aansaday aabbihiis by. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah waxa ay sidoo kale ahayd koobnaanta siyaasadda, taas oo la sameeyay by Philip 2 Isbaanish. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku, ka duwan aabbihiis, garoomada dalka inta badan ka mid ah deganaanshaha joogtada ah. Intii uu joogista carshiga, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa 2 sano jir ah oo kaliya in ay Portugal ka dib markii goysiga carshiga ee 1580, Charles V joogto ah ku hawlan ololayaasha military. Filibos wuxuu ahaa 2 a aad u kala duwan Isbaanish. King diray in ololaha militari ee Guud uu.

badalasho deegaan

In 1561 Philip dhaqaaqay Madrid. Iyada oo 1563 on 1568kii, oo isaga ku xigtayna waxaa dhisay Escorial. Waxa ay ahayd xarunta calaamad awoodda. Waa joogitaanka, xabaal saldanadii iyo keniisad ah. Iyadoo kala iibsiga ee maamulka dhexe iyo boqorkii maxkamadda uu ogaaday waxa ay aheyd arin la dhameeyey England iyo France. Tan iyo markaas, Madrid waxay bilaabeen in ay qaataan on sifooyinka caasimadda.

style of dowladda

Philip si cad u raacay talo aabbihiis, isku dayayaan si ay u hubiyaan in aanu ku tiirsan-taliyeyaal shaqsi ma noqon. Guud ahaan, qaab oo boqornimadiisa la odhan karaa maamul iyo maamul. xubno dhowr ah aristocracy ah ayaa soo jiitay in unugga gacanta dhexe ee go'aamada ka soo baxay ujeedooyinka ciidamada iyo siyaasadda dibadda. Mid ka mid ah dadka, kuwaas oo, tusaale ahaan, waxay ahayd ee Duke of Alba. Grand Philippe 2 Spanish dhigay waajib danjirayaasha ee maxkamadaha Yurub. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa uu sidoo kale iyaga saaro gacanta dhexe. aides Key oo inta badan ahaayeen qareennada, saynisyahano inta badan lahaa darajo ruuxiga ah. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxbarasho ee kulliyadaha iyo jaamacadaha keenta Castile.

Talooyin

Waxa ay u dhaqmeen sida kontaroolada muhiimka ah. Talooyin waxaad fartaan Wannaagga tan iyo wakhtigii taliyayaashii Catholic. Karl V kaamil ah ay qaab-dhismeedka. Qayb ka mid ah maydadka la siiyey a hawlaha si caddaalad ah capacious. Gaar ahaan, Golaha Gobolka go'aansaday arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Guddiga Maaliyadda mas'uul ka ahaa wareegga ah ee lacagta. Marka Philippe xubin mas'uul ka ah ciidamada siyaasadda waxaa ugu danbeyn la sameeyay. Aqoon Nationwide waxaa la aasaasay 1483, Golaha aarguda ah. Waxa uu noqday qaab-dhismeedka muhiim dhexe xoog hoos Philip. meydadka la talinta kale cilmiga la siiyey aqoonta badan gobolka. Tusaale ahaan, talooyin ku simaha Aragon, Castile, dhulal dibada ee dalka. In 1555 ayuu meydkii madax banaan istaagay mas'uul ka ah arrimaha Italy. In koorsada of ah ee dhibaatooyinka cusub abuuray Philippe 2 Spanish Netherlands Talooyin iyo Portugal. meydadka Collegial cilmiga la siiyey awoodaha garsoorka, sharci-dejinta iyo maamul. dhismayaasha ku gargaartey Boqortooyada ee xalka ah ee arrimo kala duwan oo loo adeegsaday ee is-dhaafsiga ee views.

Mabda'a iskaashiga maamulka

Philip waa dhif jooga fadhiga Golaha. Sida caadiga ah dhismayaasha wadatashiga bixiyaan go'aamada qabyada ah oo qoraal ah oo ah qaab talooyinka. Sida dhex- waxay ahaayeen karraaniyo. sidoo kale waxay ka mid yihiin xubno ka mid ah Golaha. In tiris ah, xoghayayaasha, kuwaas oo la mideeyay ee afgambiga ka. Waxa uu u qoondeeyey oo hoos Philip ee gacanta ku muhiim. Boqortooyada by ficil dhismayaasha la talinta ah, xoghayayaasha iyo saraakiil kale oo ka masuul hanuuniyey by mabda'a "qaybi iyo furid". Golaha ayaa waxaa si gooni gooni ah kulan kasta oo kale. Inta badan, xataa xoghayayaasha iyo goobo yar oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha ayaa si fiican loogu faahfaahiyay arrimaha oo dhan.

Cadaab

Philip uma dulqaadan doono saraakiisha dayacno waajibaadkooda. Haddii qof loo arkay in isticmaalka booskiisa dano shakhsi ah ama failure of hawlaha, waxa uu isla markiiba waxaa loo diiday, boostada iyo waxaa laga saaray maxkamadda. qaddar a noocan oo kale ah, tusaale ahaan, soo gaaray xoghayayaasha Antonio Perez iyo Francisco de Erazo. Waxay la qabtay. Marmar iga luntay kalsoonida iyo Duke of Alba sababtoo ah go'amada Nederland. La xiray iyo Don Carlos - ina Philip. dhimasho kii dhaxalka lahaa badbaadiyey dalka khalkhal weyn, gudaha iyo midda dibadda. Waxaa xusid mudan kacdoon shacab oo kacday intii lagu jiray dhacdooyin kuwan. Saffarro Philip marnaba daqiiqad shakiyey in go'aan Boqortooyada ee sababa loo baahan yahay ee gobolka si ay u ilaaliyaan danaha saldanadii. Isla mar ahaantaana, rigidity taliyaha loo gogol xaadhayaa wax dacaayad siyaasadeed bilaabay by horjeeda. Badan oo Yurub ah, waxa ay tageen under negra magaca legenda ah. eg ay u noqday saldhig u shuqullada qorayaasha Jarmal Schiller ( "Don Carlos"), H. Mann, Thomas Mann.

Revolution ee Nederland

kacdoonkii waxa uu ahaa inta badan ay sabab u tahay falalka Philip. Wuxuu si adag soo bandhigay oo wuxuu u xoogaystay xaalkaas ee Netherlands. cadaadis xoojiyey Muslimiinta, Brotestanka iyo Yuhuudda. Dutch nebcaaday Boqortooyada. All helo cabashooyinka iyo weydiista wuu u jawaabay oo amray in la burburiyo kufaar ah, oo muujinaya innaba naxariis ma leh. In 1565-1567 sano fallaago ku koray. Markaasaa Filibos wuxuu u soo diray inay Alba - mid ka mid ah Jeneraaladii ugu weyn. hadha oo dhan, nabad kula jooga Netherlands ma laga yaabaa. Philip mar walba ahayd tanaasul kasta. Waxa uu fadhiya uu deganaansho iyo halkaas ka warqado u amarrada proteges uu soo diray. In 1581-ka Maraykanka Guud ee The Hague, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in Philip diiday, dalkii ay hantiyeen iyo Netherlands. Isla mar ahaantaana ka dhan ah Boqortooyada dabamariyay England.

"Loogama badin Armada"

dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa ka dib markii ugu horeysay Marii Filipp doonayay inuu guursado iyada bedelka Elizabeth. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan dambe ayaa diiday soo jeedinta. Sida koritaanka guulaha Dutch Elizabeth muujiyeen naxariis dheeraad ah camalkooda. Dalxiisto Frensis Dreyk taladoodu hoos weerar dowladda Ingiriiska ee ku sugan xeebaha dalka Spain. xoog badan oo ah lugta iyo madaafiic - Elizabeth kaalmadii Netherlands soo diray. Taa baddalkeeda, Philip go'aansaday in ay geeystaan dharbaaxo weyn. In 1588, uu u soo diray inuu xeebaha Ingiriisi Cutubyo ka weyn - "Armada". Laakiin in ololaha, ku dhowaad maraakiibta oo dhan (waxaa ku jiray 130) lumeen duufaanka iyo weerarada maraakiibta cadowga. Peace la Elizabeth iyo Philip ahaa oo aan soo gabagabeeyay. dalka ka hor geeridiisa lagu weeraray British. khasnadda Isbaanish ay dhammaatey. Waxaa jiray lacag xataa lahayn si ay u abuuraan ugu yaraan raxan difaaca yar.

Faracoodii

Waayo, wakhtiga oo dhan ka ah guddiga afar jeer guursaday Philip 2 Isbaanish. Carruurtiisu waxay ahaayeen jinsiga ah. wiilka ugu horreeya - Don Carlos - ka dhashay Maryan oo ah Portugal. Waxay ku dhintay ka dib markii uu soo if-ka mid ah curadkayga dunida ugu soo galay. By naagtiisa labaad - Marii Tyudor - carruurta Philip ma ahaa. Isla mar ahaantaana Don Karlos dhintay duruufo la yaab leh oo ku filan. Waxaa la og yahay in uu cudurka dhimirka gaaray. In guurka saddexaad gabadhii Izabelloy Valua dhashay. Mid iyaga ka mid ahaa xeerka ee Netherlands koonfurta. Waa Philip isku dayeen in ay boqoradda France dhigi. Sida kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga, waxay noqdeen ina kaliya ee Boqortooyada. 3 iyo Filibos wuxuu ku dhashay guur la Anne ee Austria. Asal ahaan waxaa lagu tala galay Dona Karlosa. Waxaan ogahay xagga taariikhda in Philip 2 badanaa bedelay Xun uu. dagaallo badan oo, quustay ee la xiriirta ganacsiga iyo dadka shaqada ee diinta ay aaminsan yihiin ayaa shaaca dalka mar hodan, kaas oo meesha ka saaray by Philip 2 Isbaanish. Dhammaadka nolosha uu ku qaatay in dhibaatada jirka. Waxa uu horumariyo turqo.

qiimaynta shakhsiyadda

qorayaasha Protestant iyo Catholic sifaha Philip 2 gabi ahaanba ka duwan. Kii u horreeyey ayaa ku tilmaamay Boqortooyada sidii bahal weyn oo lagu hoobtay, aaneeyay in ay kala duwan cilladaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay xoogga saaraan in ay xun, muuqaalka dheguhu diidayaan. In barxadda taliyaha waxaa jiray jawi shaki. maamulka State weheliyay intrigues oo qudhmay. Isla mar ahaantaana, Philip ahaa sokoeye iyo connoisseur farshaxanka. Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa, suugaanta, rinjiyeynta soo maray ay da'da dahab ah. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro mudada taas wada ogaaday in ay dunida ka mid ah El Greco, Lope de Vega. ubax ayaa sii waday ilaa qeybtii labaad ee Qarnigii 17aad. In Filibos ururin jiray farshaxankiisa dhif ah oo dhan ka Europe. Waxaan hore u soo sheegnay oo uu jacaylka ka mid ah buugaagta. Uu maktabadda waxaa kulan qoraaladii Copernican ee Erasmus. In kasta oo daal ah ee khasnaddii dhamaadka Filibos nolosha, dalka ka yar oo uu ku xukumay galay saaxadda caalamka dowlad awood leh. In siyaabo badan this dallacsiiyey by siyaasadda ee Boqortooyada aabbaheed - Charles V. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, is aaminaad, shaki, cadaawadda, Philip 2 baabbi'iyey dalka.