Battle of Narva November 30, 1700 ( "Narva gabax"). muhiimadda taariikhiga ah ee dagaalka ku

The Battle of Narva ahaa imtixaanka ugu horeysay ee halis ah ciidamada Ruush ee Dagaalkii Northern ah. In 1700 ka mid ma malayn in ololaha uu socon doono mudo labaatan sano. Sidaa darteed, "Narva ceeb" u muuqday in badan oo failure dilaa.

dagaal DULUCDA

Northern War Great bilowday sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in Butros ayaa isku dayaya in ay hesho dekedda haboon on badda bari. dalalkan oo mar waxaa iska lahaa boqortooyada Ruush, si kastaba ha ahaatee, lumeen intii lagu guda jiray rabshado qarnigii XVII ah. In taas oo halkaasaannu sannad joogi jiray a "Narva gabax"? In 1700 m. Wakhtigan, Tsar Ruush dhallinyarada ahaa wuxuu dhisayay badan oo qorsheyneysa in ay u beddesho Russia galay awood dunida dhabta ah.

In 1698 Peter Waxaan ahaa awoodaan in ay gaaraan guul diblomaasiyadeed. King of Poland iyo Elector ee Saxony, Augustus II soo gabagabeeyay isaga oo leh isbahaysiga qarsoodi Sweden. Later heshiiskan biiray Boqortooyada Frederick IV ee Denmark.

Iyada oo xulafadooda sida isaga ka dambaysa, Peter ayaa rajeynayay inuu si xor ah u dhaqmaan Sweden. King Karl XII ee dalka oo carshiga ku yimid da 'yar oo u muuqday hor jeeda daciif ah. Ujeedada asalka ah ee Peter noqday Ingermanlandia. territory ee gobolka casriga ah Leningrad. qalcadda ugu weyn ee gobolka ahaa Narva. Back ka dibna u tageen inay ciidamada Ruush.

February 22, 1700, Peter dagaal Sweden, isla markiiba ka dib markii barashada heshiis la Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda, kaas oo isaga ka badbaadisaa colaadda on laba jiho ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan ogtahay waxa aad filan ceeb Narva.

Dawladdu waxay ciidanka Ruushka

Si dagaal ay deriskiisa waqooyiga ayaa loo diyaariyey ka hor. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taasi ma damaanad qaadi guusha. ciidanka Ruush weli noolaa qarnigii XVII iyo dibba ciidamada qalabka sida Yurub marka la eego farsamada. Just safafka ay tiriyey oo ku saabsan 200,000 oo askari, kuwaas oo ku yiil badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhan oo iyaga ka mid ah ma ay lahayn ammaanka qalab ku filan, waxbarasho iyo anshaxa lagu kalsoonaan karo.

Peter isku dayay in uu abaabuli ciidankii reer hannaankii galbeedka casriga ah. Si taas loo gaaro, ayuu ka dal oo Yurub ah oo khaas ah oo kala duwan lagu casuumay - inta badan Jarmalka iyo Holland. dulinka ayaa si sax ah u doortay, laakiin by 1700 regiments kaliya labo u hoggaansamaan dhammaan heerarka iyo shuruudaha. Si aad u casriyeeyo iyo dib-u-tababarka waa in ay leeyihiin waqti badan, iyo Peter ku degdegsanaa inay cadaawayaashooda in rajada ah in uu isaga siin doona faa'iido ah ee la yaab ku dhameysan.

By bilowgii Northern War Great, Russia weli ma soo saaraan ay musket u gaar ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, ciidanka bilowgaba wajahdo dhibaato noocan oo kale ah sida nidaamka gaadiidka dhacsan ah. In wadada cimilada xun ee meelaha waqooyiga waa caqabad dhab ah askartii, oo haystay in ay ka gudbaan in ka badan kun kiilomitir. Arrimahan waxay sidoo kale qeyb ka ah ifafaale, kaas oo noqday kuwa loo yaqaan ceeb Narva.

Dawladdu waxay ciidanka Swedish

Northern deriskiisa Russia, by la barbardhigo, waxaa loo yaqaan Europe ee ay ciidanka wanaagsan loo soo abaabulay oo dhan. Waxay ahayd reformer caanka ah ee King Gustav II Adolf, kuwaas oo cadaawayaashiisana wuu ka argagaxay inta lagu guda jiro Soddon Sanno 'War (1618-1648).

iyo awr Swedish ka koobnaa qandaraaslayaasha helay mushahar weyn. Lugta qorteen waayo shaqaalaynta khasabka ah gobol gaar ah, balse lugta iyo sidoo kale-kasbadeen. ciidanka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey squadrons iyo guuto, oo waxtar leh ula dagaalka. Askari kasta waxaa caadaysteen in ay anshax daran, taas oo u caawisay intii uu socday dagaal. In ka badan qarnigii la soo dhaafay ciidanka Swedish guul muhiim ah oo kaliya, oo ay tahay in ay iyada dalka mahad bilaabay ballaarinta ee Northern Europe. Waxa ay ahayd koox amaanaa, underestimation ee xoogga jeesanaysa qalad dilaa.

Dhacdooyinka ka hor dagaalka

November 17, Boris Sheremetev boqorka in dalka Iswiidan waxay u soo baxayaan iyo aad ugu dhow yihiin u sheegay. Qofna ma qabtaa sirdoonka caadi ah, oo xerada ku Ruush dhow Narva ma aan ogayn tirada saxda ah ee ciidamada cadowga. Peter aan, markaan ogaaday saabsan hab ee cadowga, ka tagay in la Novgorod Alexander Menshikov iyo Fedor Golovin. Command ahaa Field Marshal Charles-Evgeniy Krua. Duke (in uu ahaa horyaalka) isku dayeen in ay iska caabin ah go'aanka uu boqorku ka doonayay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma u awoodin inuu Peter dhaadhiciyo.

Later, gooyo sharxay uu tallaabo by xaqiiqada ah in uu u baahan yahay in uu la kulmo Boqorka Poland, iyo sidoo kale gaadiidka iyo buuxsama kaydka. Isla mar ahaantaana Sweden ka dib markii ay isku dayeen in ay guul u fasiro dhacdo sida fulaynimada boqorka. gabax Narva Ruush ahaa munaasabadda in la sii daayo biladood xusuus muujinayay in Peter ah iyadoo barooranaysa.

Dhismaha ciidanka Ruushka

Ciidamada ayaa hoos jihada of Croix sameeyey wax kasta inay soo galaan a on bangiga ee River Narva ah. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, dhinaca galbeed ahaayeen qalcad dhisay. ciidanka oo dhan waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex qaybood. garabka midig ee Avtomonov ku Golovin degan ee ku saabsan 14 kun oo qof. In dhexe istaagay Prince Troubetzkoy iyo xisbigiisa. Under amarkiisa ahaayeen 6000 oo qof. bidix waa fardooley ah, kuwaas oo ay addeecin Sheremetev.

Markayse u caddaatay in dalka Iswiidan ay horey arrin dhow, de Croix amray in ciidanka kor u qaado xilalka. Isgaarsiinta ayaa la soo taagay ilaa toddoba kiilomitir. Sayidka ciidamada ahaayeen strip khafiif ah. iyaga Behind jirin reserve ama reserve guutada.

Karl istaraatijiyad

, 1700 ciidanka Swedish Subaxnimadii November 30 dhawaaday jagooyinka Ruush. Narva dhowaanin naxdin. Taariikhda dagaalka waxaa lagu gartaa saddex ilo. Haddii aad tixraac taariikheed pre-dibuhabaynta, dagaal ka dhacay on 19 November ee Swedish - 20 November on hadda - on 30 November.

muuqaalka kore ee dalka Iswiidan ku yimid sida la yaab leh, inkastoo oo dhan diyaarinta hore. Sheremetev ee golaha military soo jeediyay ciidanka kala qaybiyaan. Qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa in ay xanibaadda ee Narva oo kale u tagaan - in dagaalka qiyaano Sweden ayaa beerta ku siin. Duke isku mid ma ahayn la soo jeedinta iyo go'aansaday inuu ka tago hindisaha in Boqortooyada dhallinyarada Swedish, kan qudhiisu uu hogaaminayo ciidamada uu. Croix de rumeysan yahay in ciidamada dalka Ruushka waa dagaal-diyaar, haddii ay weli ku jagooyinka jir.

Dalka Iswiidan waxay ahaayeen ogyahay xaaladda ee cadowga, si ay awoodaan in la sameeyo istiraatiijiyad ugu waxtarka badan. Karl XII go'aansadeen in ay wax miiran ah oo xanjaadka u of Ruush Ciidamada Center ahaa ugu deyr leh oo ay ahayd inay awoodaan inay boqorka u jabiyaan. Oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay ku dhacday ceeb Narva. Northern War Great, waxaa laga yaabaa in ay leeyihiin natiijooyin kala duwan, haddii aadan ku istiraatijiyadda Swedish ugu fiican - Karl Renshild iyo Arvid Horn. Waxay siiyeen talo wanaagsan in Boqortooyada dhallinyarada ahaa, wuxuuna ahaa nin, laakiin uu qalad laga yaabaa iyada oo aan taageero ka mid ah madaxda ciidamada.

weerar of Sweden

Narva ceeb - waa ma aha oo kaliya diyaarinta Ruush xun waayo, dagaalka, laakiin weerarka hillaac cadowga. Dalka Iswiidan waxay rabeen in ay wax miiran uu cadowgu qalcaddayda. Sidaas ficil la waayay qolka jawaab dhaqdhaqaaq. Sida kaliya ee ay ku baxsadaan qabow oo keentay inay webiga Narva.

lugta ayaa la daboolay by madaafiic, oo dalka Iswiidan ku dhisay on buuraha u dhow, oo waxay bixisaa aragti wanaagsan oo dhul ah. Baraf ahayd sabab kale oo ka dhacay ceeb Narva. Waxay ahayd nasiib dalka Iswiidan. Dabayshu waxay dhacday aawadeed wejigiisa askari oo Ruush. Muuqashada ma badnayn toban talaabooyin si xun u dhaawici in dab ku soo laabto.

At 2 subaxnimo ee gelinka dambe laba qoto dheer waslad Swedish ku dhuftay oo xanjaadka u fidiyey ciidanka Ruush. Aad ugu dhakhsaha badan halkaas joogay godad ku yaala saddex meelaha weerarada Karl ku fashilantay in ay ka tarjumayaan. wadashaqaynta dalka Iswiidan ku jiray lagu dayan karo, Narva noqday ceeb lama huraan. Its muhiimadda ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad, maxaa yeelay, laba saacadood ka dib, cadowga ka qarxay xerada Ruush galay.

Waxaan bilaabay in ay argagax iyo Caasinimadooda. Qaxay ma doorasho laakiin in ay isku dayaan in ay tagaan dhiiqo Narva. Biyaha baraf maanshaynay ku saabsan a kun oo qof. Ka hor inta in, webiga kacsanayd yar buundada pontoon, oo aan karin ciribtir ee qaxay oo burburay, in kaliya kor u kacay tirada dhibbaneyaasha. Narva ceeb, oo taariikhda ahayd maalin madow, waayo, taariikhda military Ruush, cad.

Guud Dibadda saaray Peter madaxa ciidamada, waxay sidoo kale bilaabeen in ay dib u laabasho, taas oo ka careysan saraakiishii Ruush. iyaga ka mid ahaa de Croix ah, iyo sidoo kale Ludwig Allart. Waxay isku dhiibay Sweden, si ay uga askari oo iyaga u gaar ah ay ka baxsadaan.

caabin ugu weyn la saaray garabka midig. Halkan ka xayndaabka askari oo Ruush ka catapults cadowga iyo gaadhi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha is-beddeli karta natiijada dagaalka. Galab, xaalada ayaa sii xumaatay. Waxaa la og yahay dhacdo marka laba xulka Swedish gudcurka ku kasta oo kale oo qaaday by Ruush iyo dab ay isku furay. Xarunta ahayd la jebiyey, iyo sababta oo ah labada dhinac this ayaa difaacaneysa isu soo gaadhi kari la leh kasta oo kale.

is dhiibin

Taasi waxay ahayd bilowgii dagaalkii Waqooyi. Narva ceeb ahaa xaqiiqda xun laakiin baxsan. In subaxdii inteeda kale oo ka mid ah xilalka ay ciidamada Ruush, go'aansadeen in ay wadahadalo dhiibin bilowdo. xabad ugu weyn ee ahaa Prince Yakov Dolgorukov. Waxa uu la lahaa Sweden diyaarin on pass xorta ah xeebta ka soo horjeeda. Isla mar ahaantaana, ciidamada dalka Ruushka ayaa loo diiday, ee Alaabtoodii iyo madaafiic, laakiin waxay ku hadhay calammo iyo hub.

Dalka Iswiidan u tageen inay Qaniimooyin badan: 32 kun rubles ka khasnadda boqornimada, 20,000 muskets. Ahaayeen khasaaraha dhigmin. Haddii dalka Iswiidan ku lumay in la dilay 670 oo qof, Ruushka - 7000. 700 oo askari oo weli la haysto, lid ku ah shuruudaha is dhiibin.

qiimaha

Ruush waxay u leexatay xagga ceeb Narva? muhiimadda taariikhiga ah ee dhacdadan ayaa cawaaqib muddo dheer. Kii u horreeyey ayaa ku dhuftay sumcad Russia ee. Her ciidanka joogsadeen in la qaado si dhab ah in Europe. In ka badan Peter bayaan ku majaajiloodeen, oo ay warkiisa ku Carl Taliyaha geesi ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga ayaa muujisay in ay ahayd a guul badalkeeda for Sweden. Carl go'aansaday in Russia ma aha khatar ah, oo waxay bilaabeen inay Poland iyo Denmark dagaalamaan. Peter ka faa'ideystay nasniin ah. Kor buu u qaaday dib u habaynta ciidamada ee gobolka, edeb iyo ciidanka iyo rido lacagta wayn ee khayraadka.

Tani waxa ay u mira dhalin. Muddo dhawr sano, dunida bartay oo ka mid ah guul Ruush ee badda bari. dagaalka ugu weyn ee dhacay meel u dhow Poltava ee 1709. Iswiidhishku looga adkaaday iyo Charles carareen. Waxaa caddaatay in oo dhan of Russia, qaab daran oo ku filan, wuxuu ahaa mid waxtar leh ay ceeb Narva. dagaal Grengamskoe si qeexan u diiday Sweden status, xididana xoogga badan ee badda bari. heshiis nabadeed oo la saxiixay 1721, kaas oo Russia helay badan oo dalka iyo dekedaha ee gobolka. Halkan waxaa la aasaasay St. Petersburg - caasimada cusub ee dalka. The Battle of Poltava, Narva ceeb dagaalka Grengamskoe - dhacdooyinka oo dhan u noqday calaamad u ah dhalaalaya oo u babac Zaman Markos.