Grand Duchy ee Warsaw (1807-1815 sano): Taariikhda

Warsaw Duchy jirey ee 1807-1815 sannad xisaabeedka. Waxa la abuuray by Napoleon, iyo in kastoo ay si rasmi ah loo tixgeliyaa madax banaan, dhab ahaantii, waa satellite ah France. In case of guul ka gaartay Bonaparte Ruush ah sii socotay inay u badalo si boqortooyada, laakiin qorshaha kuwii tegey faraha. Ka dib guuldaradii France ee Warsaw ee Duchy huwanta waxaa loo kala qaybiyay deriska: Austria, Prussia iyo Russia.

prehistory

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka dib markii ay xijaab of Rzeczpospolita qayb ka mid ah Poland waxaa LABAGEEDI by Prussia. Aragtida dadweynaha deegaanka si ay masuuliyiinta Jarmalka ayaa aad u xun. Dhanka kale, halka in Yurubta Bari riwaayadaha ee Polish ciyaaray baxay galbeed ee World Old jejebiyey Revolution Faransiis ah. Si dhakhso ah si ay awood, Napoleon in Paris yimid. Waxa uu hogaaminayo Faransiiska ee ka dhanka ah boqortooyinkii kale ee Yurub, kuwaas oo arkay in dayrta ee khatar Bourbons si ay jiritaanka gaar ah. Napoleon guuleystay olole xilli. Yurub ee dalalkan oo ka guulaystay, wuxuu qabanqaabiyaa si cusub iyo xuquuqda madaniga ah oo la mid ah kuwa dhawaan soo muuqday France aasaasay.

Sidaas daraaddeed, Waayo, Poles, kuwaas oo ka hoos mariya harqoodka of xukunka shisheeye ku noolaa, Bonaparte ayaa noqday calaamad u ah rajada isbedel degdeg ah. gargaarka Faransiis la kulmay wakiillo ka socda fasalka ganacsade ah. Fikraddan waxa lahaa salkeeda, maxaa yeelay, Napoleon ahaa dagaal kula Prussia, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in labada dal ay leeyihiin cadaw caadi ah. Iyada oo guul darro kasta oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga monarchist dareenka wadaninimo ee Poland noqday xoog iyo xoog. In 1806, ciidanka Napoleon ee soo galay Prussia.

Faransiis dalalkan Polish qabsadeen siiyey Napoleon taladoodu hoos Commission Dawladda ku meel gaar ah u gaar ah. Her madaxa noqday Marshal Stanisław Małachowski. maamulka cusub ayaa ku hawlan qalabka iyo cuntada ciidamada Polish iyo Faransiis. Intaa waxaa dheer, Guddiga baajiyay sharciyada Prussian iyo soo celinta sharciyada hore waqtiga Dhexe.

Abuuridda of Duchy ah

In 1807, ee France iyo soo horjeeda ay la saxeexay ku Treaty of Tilsit. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumentigan, waxaa jiray madax banaan Prussia Duchy of Warsaw. Tani gobolka cusub ee Polish ahaa dalka loo qoondeeyey Jarmalka, sida laga soo xigtay qaybaha II iyo III ee Commonwealth. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Duchy la tagay oo aan outlet ah in ay badda bari. Gobolka Bialystok muranka, Napoleon siiyey Ruush Emperor Alexander I.

degaanka ee gobolka dhawaan la sameeyay waxay ahayd 101,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran. km. Waxaa ku noolaa 2.5 milyan oo qof. xaaladda gaarka ah helay Gdansk. Wuxuu noqotay magaalo xor ah (oo la mid ah in xilligii of Roman Empire Quduuska ah) iyada oo ay kormeerayaan taliyaha Faransiis.

mashruuca Napoleon

Kiimikaysan abuuray Duchy of Warsaw socday sano 8 jir. Xilligan waxa ka dhacay mudada of guulaha ugu weyn Napoleon ee saaxadda caalamka. Dabcan, inkastoo madaxbannaanida khayaali ah, ee Duchy of Warsaw ayaa had iyo jeer satellite ah France, sida dalalka kale oo badan oo cusub ee madax banaan ee Western Europe. Poland ayaa ahayd goobtii ugu bari ee Empire Napoleonic ah. Its qiimaha ahaa mid aad u sare ay sabab u tahay khilaafka ciday u dhowaanin la Russia. Ma aha la yaab leh in in 1812 ay Duchy of Warsaw khasaare weyn. Oo ciidankiisii, u soo diray inuu Russia, waxaa jiray qiyaastii 100 kun oo qof. xaaladda dalka ee sida xero millatari oo la xaqiijiyey by xaqiiqada ah in Napoleon siiyey qayb ka mid ah hantida ay dawladdu leedahay Polish by Guud ay Faransiis iyo horjoogayaal ah.

In July 1807 Grand Duchy ee Warsaw helay dastuur u gaar ah. xafladii saxiixa ayaa ka dhacay Dresden. sharciga aasaasiga ah ee cusub aqoonsan yahay muhiimadda ay leedahay in cunto iyo meel ay gacan ku abtirsan Polish. Sayidka, Grand Duchy ee Warsaw helay dhowr dastuurka xorsan, sida la ansixiyay ee waddamada kale ee Yurub abuuray by Napoleon marka la barbar dhigo.

boqor Faransiis saaro awoodda Poland, Jacobins ah. cidhibtii uu faragelin ahaa in Cuntada halkaas joogay qaalib ka mid ah dalka ay guushu ku abtirsan iyo aristocracy. siyaasiyiinta reer Poland ayaa noqotay fure Stanislav Potocki (Guddoomiyaha Golaha Gobolka), Feliks Lyubensky (Wasiirka caddaaladda), Tadeusz Matushevich (Wasiirka Maaliyadda) iyo Yuzef Ponyatovsky (qabanqaabiyaha ciidanka iyo wasiirka dagaalka).

xoog

Si rasmi ah, ka Duchy of Warsaw ahayd boqortooyo. Waxaa galay urur shaqaale la Saxony. Sayidka, Duke noqday taliyaha gobolka Jarmal ee Frederick Augustus I. Boqortooyada lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu baddalo iyo kabo Dastuurka, ka dhigi dheellitirka Sejm ah. Isagu waa ku xigaa in Dowladda.

Cuntada ayaa labada gole - the Senate iyo aqal Safiiro. amar Tan waxa u sabab dhaqan taariikheed waxa uu noqday qalcad kale oo ay saameyn ku leeyihiin abtirsan (abtirsan). Waxa xiiso leh in dastuurka Warsaw ka soo horjeedda dastuurka kale Napoleonic (sida ku waarin iyo Naples) ee dareenka ah in waxa uu abuurayaa mabda'a isticmaalka lahayn, oo dooranaya baarlamaanka.

Tilmaamo badan oo dadweynaha ka mid ah Duchy of Warsaw ee la go'aamiyay in kacaan France. The xaakinnadii Senate, hoggaamiyayaasha kiniisadda iyo Castellan. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ku matalayay Joogaba, loo siman yahay. Golaha Guurtida, ka duwan aqal Posolskaya buuxsameen sida ay ujeedooyin Boqortooyada. bulsho The (Naarced) kulan, ugu asal ahaan xayiran ee soo saarka iyo dadka dhulka leh, ma aha kuwii gobta ahaa.

replica A nidaamka Faransiis ee Duchy of Warsaw ahaa Council of State. Waxaa la madax Boqortooyada. Sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah in Golaha Wasiirada. jidhkan soo jiideen biilasha oo lagu xallinayo murannada u dhexeeya mas'uuliyiinta maamulka iyo garsoorka. Golaha State ayaa sidoo kale lagu sameeyaa hawlaha la talinta ee Duke.

Sejm

Cuntada waxa uu ahaa mas'uul ka ah cashuuraha, dembiyada iyo sharciga madaniga ah. Sidoo kale in uu mas'uul ka ahaa coinage ah Duchy of Warsaw. awoodaha badan ballaadhan ee Boqortooyada kordhiyay sharciga arrimaha maamul iyo siyaasadeed. Duke sidoo kale nidaaminaya miisaaniyadda. Sharciyada qabyada ah waxaa lagu qoray Council Gobolka. Sejm diidi karaa oo keliya ama iyaga ku aqbali. In jirka ah ee guddiga ka shaqeeya awood, kaas oo la soo jeediyay ka beddelka u gaar ah in sharciyada, laakiin ay dhacdo in this, erayga kama dambaysta ah Golaha State jiray.

Inta lagu jiro jiritaanka Cuntada ah oo ku saabsan saddex jeer oo keliya, in 1809, 1811 iyo 1812. kulan ee ugu danbeysay ee ay ahayd aan caadi ahayn. Waxay ahayd markaa in sababta oo ah go'aanka Sejm waxay bilaabeen dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ay la Duchy of Warsaw, waxay ahaayeen dhinaca Napoleon. Bonaparte, marayay Poland, wuxuu bilaabay dhaarinta ee kulan aan caadi ahayn. Waxa xiiso leh in waqti isku mid ah Emperor Faransiis waxay bilaabeen geedi socodka of nooleenta ururka la Lithuania. Xiriirka Vilnius iyo Warsaw kadeeday iyo Alexander I. Emperor The Ruush uu isku dayayo inuu ka badiyeen Lithuanians ay dhinac, waxay iyaga ugu ballanqaadaan nooleenta ee Duchy Grand ah. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin qabyo ah oo cusub ee Commonwealth ee ma ay qaadan meel. Mustaqbalka Poland ee aan heshiiska go'an, oo dagaalka u dhaxeeya France iyo Russia. Ku biirista ku Duchy of Warsaw iyo Congress of Vienna ee la soo dhaafay ayaa ka tagay fikradda ah oo ka mid ah Midowga Polish-Lithuanian.

dowladda

Duchy dowladda ka koobnayd 6 wasiir, gudaha, cadaalada, diinta, maaliyadda, bilayska iyo millatariga. Waxaa fadhiyaa Warsaw. Xaaladdan oo kale, Saxon amiirka ku noolaa Dresden. Sababtan darteed, inta u dhaxaysa isaga iyo xukuumadda ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa dhexdhexaadiye. Intaa waxaa dheer, markii ay kala hadlayaan go'aano si gaar ah muhiim, labadaba gudaha iyo siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, erayga final ah ayaa layga tegey si ay dadka deegaanka Faransiis.

Sidoo kale, hawlaha dowladda gacanta ugu Council Gobolka. Wasiirka kuma xirna Sejm ah. Waax kasta waxay ahayd dowladda monokratnym. In si kale loo dhigo, madaxda maamul sameeyey Wasiirka tiradaasi muhiimka ah ee uu beerta. keceen uu awoodi waayeen in ay ka dooddo go'aanka uu tababaraha. muhiimadda gaarka ah ee wasaaradaha kala duwan ee bilayska iyo arrimaha gudaha. Waxay ahaayeen si ay u daawadaan badan dayactirka ah ee si ee gobolka. In xaaladaha degdegga ah, wasiirka booliska xitaa isticmaali kartaa ay ilaalada gaarka ah u gaar ah.

bulshada

Oo ay la socdaan isbedellada siyaasadeed ee formation of the Duchy of Warsaw ayaa Poland sharci ah aasaas cusub. Sida laga soo xigtay Dastuurka la ansixiyay, mabaadi'da sinnaanta dhamaan muwaadiniinta sharciga hortiisa waxaa ku dhisnayn. Inkastoo horyaalka galay fasalada aan la buriyey, waxa muuqata ku koobnayn. Horeba doorashooyinkii ugu horeeyay ee ku Sejm iyo kulamada bulsho muujisay in muwaadiniinta (lahaanshada) ahaayeen in ay qaataan oo kaliya iyaga siiyey codeynta xuquuqda awoodaan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1808 amar la ansixiyay, dharbaaxo culus ku meel Yuhuudda. Waxay ku meel gaar ah (10 sano) ayaa ku koobnayn xuquuqda madaniga ah. Under xeerarka cusub, Yuhuuddii waxaa u si aad u codsato ogolaanshaha rasmiga ah ee guurka. Tirada dadka Yuhuuda ah ayaa la dhaafi karaa adeeg ciidan khasabka ah, laakiin halkii, uu Cuslleeyey.

Sida wadamada kale ee Yurub badan, waxaa muhiim ah in sii su'aasha soo ridayeen bukaanka. The Duchy of Warsaw waxaa la abuuray ee Poland, marka ay jirto weli jirey serfdom. Dawladda cusub baabiiyo ku tiirsanaanta dhulgoosadka ee tuulada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, beeralayda ayaa dhab ahaan la diiday, dalkii hadhay, waayo, kuwii gobta ahaa. -Habeeynta iyo waxaa laga yaabaa in aan la fulin ilaa dhamaadka. Dagaallada Napoleonic Constant sababay burbur iyo saboolnimada dhigaya beeraha. dirir ka dhexeeya beeralay iyo kuwii gobta ahaa in la kordhiyo oo kaliya sannad kasta.

guushii ay ka gaareen Austria

Guuritaanka ee Duke of siyaasadda Napoleon ee, ka Duchy of Warsaw u tageen inay colaadda lama huraan colka gooyo Faransiis leh. In 1809 wuxuu bilaabay dagaalkii ee Isbahaysiga shanaad ee. Wakhtigan, France iyo xulufadiisu ay wajahnay Austria, Britain, Sicily iyo Sardinia. Inta badan ciidamada Polish ku biiray ciidankii reer Bonaparte. Duchy The hadhay jirka Yuzefa Ponyatovskogo (oo ku saabsan 14 kun oo qof). ciidanka Austria weeraray Saxony iyo Duchy of Warsaw, taas oo haddii ay dhacdo of firdhinta ciidamada Napoleon ee muuqday si fudud.

In Poland u soo galeen ciidanka 36000th. April 19, 1908 ka dhacay dagaal u muhim - dagaal ee raszyn. Ulaha amray by Yuzef Ponyatovsky, Austrians ah - Archduke Ferdinand Karl. shil ka dhacay on marshland xunxunna. Ulaha Jahaaday, laakiin ugu dambeyntii gurteen. Warsaw waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan u wakiishay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Warega guud ee dagaalka isbahaysiga shanaad ahaa Austrians ka dib isaga weeraray. Kaliya isbuucyo yar oo polish ah Amin, oo dhan dhulka qaaday oo, marka lagu daro, qaaday Sandomierz, Lublin, Lviv oo Krakow. Dhammaadkii dagaalka, sida ay nabadda heshiis, Warsaw Duchy in tuulayowga galbeedka Galicia, sidaas jeer badh kordhay dhulkeeda.

Dagaalka oo la Russia

At dhicin dagaalkii u dhexeeya France iyo Russia, ee Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1813) soo baxday in kayd u dhexeeya labada horjeeda ugu weyn. In June 1812 Seimas ah, kulan ee Warsaw, go'aansaday in la qaato dhinaca Napoleon. Emperor ee xilli Faransiis ee Russia dhacay. Socday xagga bari ciidan nus milyan, ayuu si uu dalkiisa ku noqday dhowr kun oo askari oo sinna iyo gaajo.

guuldaradii Napoleon ee loogu tala galay dhamaadka hore, kaas oo la sugayay Grand Duchy ee Warsaw. Dagaalka faafay dhulka Polish. January 1, 1813 saddex madax ka yar Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov xadka webiga Neman iyo madax dhinaca Polotsk. Duchy The by wakhtigan ahaayeen ciidamo yar Polish iyo Saxon, oo aan is-hor taagi dhaqaaqo oo helay ciidan Ruush awoodaan. In Poland, ayaa bilaabay olole iyada shisheeye caan ku dhamaaday qabsashadii Paris.

January 27 waxaa si nabad ah loo qaaday Warsaw. Dhab ahaantii, duchy joogsatay si uu u jiro. Qayb ka mid ah oo polish ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay weli tahay aamin ah Napoleon. 15000th Corps hoos amarka Yuzefa Ponyatovskogo tagay Austria in rajada ah in Faransiiska ay weli ku guuleysan Ruush iyo madaxbanaanida ee gobolka loo soo celiyo doonaa. In Poland, iska caabiyay kaliya unugyada Faransiis fadhigoodu on Vistula ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyagu ma ay joojin kari lahaa cadowga - sheegay dhexdhexaadnimada Austria iyo Prussia, kuwaas oo ay go'aansadeen in ay ka baxaan colaadda.

baabiiyo

Marka Napoleon guuldarro kama dambays ah, awoodaha guul ku kulmeen Vienna si loo ogaado mustaqbalka World Hore. Emperor Faransiis The redrew waddankaaga oo dhan gudahood qaaradda Yurub - hadda ciqaab kale lahaa si loo baylah-this qasan siyaasadeed. In meesha ugu horeysa, waxaa marti Risaalo kale ee Poland. Waxaa coexisted saddex awoodaha awood (Austria, Prussia iyo Russia) ayaa xiiso u jiritaankeeda ma.

May 3, 1815, sida ay go'aanka ugu Congress of Vienna, ee Yurubta Bari aasaasay xuduudaha cusub. Waxaa jiray Xaajis of Poland - Warsaw Duchy la tirtiray. Krakow, qayb ka mid ah hore waxaa ka mid ah, waxaa la naadiyey magaalada si xor ah nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Jamhuuriga. In format waxaa jirey ilaa 1846.

Inta badan oo ka mid ah Duchy of Warsaw noqday qayb ka mid ah Russia. Alexander Emperor ayaa la naadiyey boqorka Polish by. dhulal cusub uu siiyo madaxbannaani iyo dastuurka deeqsi ah. Sidaas darteed, in kasta oo ay Duchy of Warsaw ahayd qayb ka mid ah Russia, Oo barbariyiintiina ay ku nool yihiin wax badan uga xorsan dhab Ruush. dalalkan oo Western baabiiyo gobolka la siiyey Prussia. Waxay la aasaasay a gobolka Jarmal cusub - Grand Duchy ee Poznan.