Sodium xabagta

Sodium waa ugu badan ee dabiiciga ah iyo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo biraha alkali in miiska wareegsan haysta kaalinta 11aad (kaydiyaa kooxda koowaad, koox hoosaadka ugu weyn ee muddada 3-deedii). By ficil leh noocyada ogsijiin waxaay sheegayaan Na2O2. waxaan dhihi karaa in ay tani tahay ee xabagta ugu sareeya sodium? Dhab ahaantii ma, tan iyo walax this ma iska leh fasalka ee oxides, iyo caanaha dhismaha ku qoran foomkan, Na-O-O-Na. call sare sida oxides, taas element ah kiimikada la xidhiidha oxygen, waxa uu shahaadada sare ee lagu qayilo. Sodium uu leeyahay mid ka mid ah oo kaliya gobolka qayilo ee +1. Sidaa darteed, waayo, taasu fikradda element kiimikada "xabagta sare" kajirin.

xabagta Sodium waa walax imanba, caanaha kelli u Na2O. mass gaws waa loo siman yahay si 61,9789 g / mol. Mugga ee xabagta sodium waa loo siman yahay si 2,27 g / cm³. In muuqaalka waa Walax cad oo adag ku safrayaan, in dhalaalayaa heerkulka a of 1132 ° C iyo boogo heerkulka a of 1950 ° C iyo sidaas cawisa. Marka kala diri ee biyaha, xabagta ah xoog ku sameynayso waxaa la, taasoo keentay in formation of hydroxide sodium, kaas oo waa in si fiican loogu yeedhi hydroxide. dareen-celin ah waxaa lagu sharraxi karaa by isla'egta: Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH. Khatarta ugu weyn ee xarunta kiimikada (Na2O) waa in ay xoog ku sameynayso biyo, oon la xirrira ah alkali dhamayta dagaal badan.

xabagta Sodium waxaa laga heli karaa by kulaylinta biraha si heer kulka ah ma ka badan 180 ° C jawi la content a oxygen hooseeya: 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O. Xaaladdan oo kale waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la helo xabagta saafi ah, sida wax soo saarka cadaanyo ku jiri doona ilaa 20% ka mid ah waxaay sheegayaan iyo% ee alaabta la doonayo oo kaliya 80. Waxaa jira siyaabo kale oo aad Na2O. Tusaale ahaan, by kulaylinta isku dar ah ee ilaalinta waxaay la xad dhaaf ah biraha: Na2O2 + 2Na → 2Na2O. Waxaa intaa dheer, xabagta waa la diyaariyey by ficil biraha sodium ay hydroxide: 2Na + NaOH → 2Na2O + H2 ↑, iyo sidoo kale by ficil cusbo ah ee nitrus acid la bir ah alkali: 6Na + 2NaNO2 → 4Na2O + N2 ↑. dareen diidmo oo dhammi dhicin at xad dhaaf ah sodium. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, by kulaylinta carbonate ee biraha alkali in 851 ° C waxaa laga heli karaa dioxide kaarboon iyo xabagta biraha by isla'egta falcelinta ah: Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2.

xabagta sodium ku leedahay guryaha aasaasiga ah fahmayaan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay sameynayso xoog biyo, waxaa sidoo kale si firfircoon iskaashi la acids iyo oxides acidic. falcelinta la Aashito sameeyay waa inay cusbo iyo biyo, Na2O + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O. Oo by ficil la kiristaalo midab ah Silicon dioxide la aasaasay silicate biraha alkali: Na2O + SiO2 → Na2SiO3.

xabagta sodium, sida xabagta iyo biraha kale alkali - potassium muhiimadda la taaban karo oo waaweyn oo aan leeyahay. Qoraalkan waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida reagent ah, waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka (soda-lime) warshadaha galaas oo dareere ah, laakiin aan qayb ka mid ah muraayadaha indhaha. Sida caadiga ah, galaas warshadaha waxaa ku jira qiyaastii 15% hydroxide sodium, 70% ka mid ah silica (Silicon dioxide) iyo 9% liin (xabagta ah calcium). Carbonate Na adeegaya sida dheecaan si loo yareeyo heerkulka at kaas oo silica dhalaalayaa. Soda galaas uu leeyahay heerkul hoose xaabo badan potassium-potassium-lime ama lead. Waxaa ugu badan, loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee dhalooyinka daaqadaha iyo galaas weelka (dhalooyinka iyo daasadaha) ee sharaabka, cuntada iyo alaabaha kale. Galaasyada waxaa inta badan ka samaysan hagaajiyey galaas soda-liin-silica.

Soda-lime galaas silicate helay barafka alaabta ceeriin - carbonate Na, liin, dolomite, Silicon dioxide (silica), xabagta aluminium (alumina) iyo qadar yar oo ah wakiilada (tus, Na sulfate, chloride ammonium, Na) - in foornada xaabo uu heerkulka ilaa 1.675 ° C. dhalooyinka Green ah ama maariin ah oo ka alaabta ceeriin ka kooban diyaariyey xabagta bir ah. Inta ay xabagta magnesium iyo xabagta sodium weel galaas ka danbeeya galaaska, kaasoo loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka daaqadaha.