Edmund Husserl: Biography gaaban, sawir, shuqullada waaweyn, xigashooyin

Edmund Husserl (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1859-1938) - falsafo caanka Jarmal oo waxaa loo arkaa aasaasihii dhaqdhaqaaqa falsafad ah - phenomenology. Thanks to shuqullada badan iyo xirfado waxbaridda, uu saameyn weyn labada falsafadda Jarmal, iyo horumarka sayniska this in dalal kale oo badan. Edmund Husserl ka qayb qaatay soo bixitaanka iyo abuuritaanka existentialism. Phenomenology - waa wax la taasoo ku xiran shuqullada weyn ee Husserl. Waa maxay? Aynu u wajihi.

Waa maxay phenomenology?

Bilowgiiba, phenomenology horumartay dhaqdhaqaaq ballaaran ee falsafada, ma aha sida tii dugsiga xidhan. Sidaa darteed, in muddada hore waxa ay u muuqataa isbeddel aan la yarayn karaa in shuqullada Husserl. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorka ugu weyn ee horumarinta phenomenology ciyaaray by shuqulka saynisyahan this gaar ah. Gaar ahaan muhiim ah waa shuqulkiisa xaq "Baarista Logical". Phenomenology sida jihada ahaa gaar ahaan baahsan oo dhan Yurub iyo sidoo kale in America. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa horumariyo Japan, Australia iyo dalal badan Asian.

Ujeedadu waxay bilaabo waxbaridda falsafada waa awooda in la ogaado oo ku tilmaami jihada for (ula kac) miyir nolosha. Muqaalka muhiimka ah ee habka of phenomenology - diidmada nooc kasta ayaa ah maluhu unclarified. Intaa waxaa dheer, wakiillo ka waxbariddan ka fikradda ah irreducibility (irreducibility Dhibka) iyo halka sii socodka ah ee dunida Ujeedada (dhaqanka ruuxiga ah, bulshada, dabeecadda) iyo miyir iman.

Waxbarashada jaamacadaha, wada hadal la saynisyahano

Faylasuuf The mustaqbalka waxa uu ku dhashay on April 8, 1859 in Moravia (Prosnitse). Waxa uu u tababaran ee jaamacadaha Vienna iyo Berlin. Waxaan la yaabanahay waxa Edmund Husserl, falsafadda ah oo loo yaqaan adduunka oo dhan, marka hore doonayay in uu noqdo xisaab ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Masaryk go'aansaday inuu ku ridi koorsooyinka Franz Brentano, cilmi nafsiga iyo falsafada. Isgaarsiinta isaga la, ka dibna la nafsiga kale, K. Stumpf, ka qayb qaatay horumarka oo xiiso leh in ay daraasadda of Edmund u maleeyay in geedi socodka. Faylasuuf The mustaqbalka waajib fikradda Brentano ee ujeeddo, taasoo la micno ah jihada of miyir. Husserl dib ayaa sheegay in Brentano ma aanan arkin dhibaatada, "ujeedada" ee la xiriirta saldhig aqoonta iyo formation of dhismayaasha oo khibrad ah.

aqoon yahanno kale, saamayn ku Edmund in muddada hore - waa empiricists British (gaar ahaan JS Mill.), William James, iyo G. V. Leybnits. Fikradda ah aqoon KANT ayaa saamayn wayn ku Faylasuuf ay horey in muddo ah ka dib of aragtidiisa.

Shaqada ugu horeysa ee Husserl

Edmund Husserl (photo kor ku xusan ayaa muujinaya isaga) rumeysan yahay in hawsha ugu muhiimsan waxaa lagu qeexaa sida ugu horreysa ee shaqada ugu horeysay xaq u leedahay "Philosophy ee xisaabta." In shaqo this markii ugu horeysay soo biiray laba shayga ugu muhiimsan ee uu xiiso. Dhinaca mid, tan macquulka ah ee rasmiga ah iyo xisaabta, iyo dhinaca kale ah - nafsiga. Philosopher wajahay dhibaatooyin gaar ah. Frege muujisay qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah ee falanqaynta muhiim ah oo ka mid ah shuqullada Husserl. dhib waxay ku qasbay Edmund fuliyaan daraasad guud ee hawlaha gaarka ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka "waayo-aragnimo miyir qabo". cutubka ugu dambeeya ee buugga waa la xarrimay in ay degdeg ah "ku dhegganayd" muuqaalada dabeecad kala duwan sida adhi oo ka mid ah shimbiraha ama saf ah askari. Husserl sidaas waxaa loo yeedhi karaa horseed ka mid ah cilmi nafsiga Gestalt.

Afar kooxood oo shuqullada Edmund Husserl

Fikradda la mid ah maraya shaqada falsafo oo dhan, laakiin views uu muddo, soo maray isbedel la taaban karo. shuqulladiisa loo qaybin karaa afar tan kooxood:

1. La xidhiidha muddada "cilmi nafsiga."
2. "Cilmi nafsiga Descriptive".
3. phenomenology dhaafsiisantahay, kaas oo markii ugu horaysay ka soo baxay by Husserl ee 1913.
4. Works la xiriira xilliga dambe ee nolosha falsafo.

Work "Baarista Logical"

shaqada ugu caansan Husserl ee waa shuqulkii "Baarista Logical". Waxaa la daabacay sano ee 1900-1901, iyo in edition Ruushka ugu horeysay waxaa la daabacay 1909. qoraaga qudhiisu tixgeliyo shaqada sida "Sida cad" meelaha sida phenomenology. "Prolegomena in macquulka saafi ah" - mugga ugu horeysay, kaas oo bixiya-yaasha of fikradda guud ee cilmi nafsiga, saameynta waqtiga. Sida laga soo xigtay view this, mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah iyo fikradaha macquulka ah waa in la siiyaa marka la eego cilmi nafsiga. "Fikradda ah macquulka saafi ah" - cutubka ugu dambeeya, halkaas oo Husserl soo bandhigay uu macquulka ah ee rasmiga ah. jihada Tan waxaa ka bilow ka nafsiga. Qoraagu wuxuu shaaca ka qaaday in iska leh gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah macquulka saafi ah waa wax aan waxba tarayn. In mugga labaad 6 bandhigaysaa waxbarashada on qaabka iyo waayo-aragnimo qiyamka. xiisaha hore ee foomamka oo waayo aragnimo ah ayaa keentay in daraasadda ee waxa loogu yeero dareen soodajiyo falsafo Edmund Husserl.

Husserl ee phenomenology

Muddada soo socota muhiim ah in shaqada la bilaabin muxaadarooyin Husserl "Fikradda ah phenomenology." Of muhiimadda weyn guurka Husserl galay Niyadda nooca cusub. Si taas loo gaaro, ayuu soo jeediyay hab gaar ah oo loo yaqaan yaraynta phenomenological. A stage hordhac ah loo baahan yahay in magacaabista beerta dareenka iyo ka heli qaar ka mid ah sababo 'buuxda' ee falsafada oo dhan waa da ', in ay tahay, inay ka waantoobaan wixii uu aaminsan yahay iyo xukummo. Phenomenology waxaa sidaas ku hawlan raadinta essences iyo xiriirka muhiimka ah.

Mucaaradka ayaa si naturalism

Fiirsaneysa inay shuqulkii Husserl, waxa aan arki karnaa in ay tahay in mucaaradka in ay naturalism. Gaar ahaan, waxaa iska cad in maqaalka ah ee 1911, "Philosophy sida sayniska adag." Waayo, Husserl, mucaaradka waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu awooda badan. Edmund Husserl xukuma in sayniska "dhaafsiisantahay" ama la sifaynayo awtomatik sharaxayaa waayo-aragnimo waa in ay bixiyaan falsafada gaar ah oo mabda ' "xagjirka ah", taas oo ah free of shuruud kasta. In muda dambe ee "fikradaha" Husserl (daabacay, darjada), iyo in uu barnaamijka shuqullo kale "dastuuriga" phenomenology waxaa la geeyay. Ujeeddada Edmund arkay in formation of a falsafad cusub idealistic.

Ka shaqeeya on macquulka ah iyo falanqayn ka mid ah geedi socodka ka mid ah miyir

Gaar ahaan Garaaci hanad Husserl ee labada meelahan soo socda: Falanqaynta sharaxaad ka mid ah hababka kala duwan ee miyir, oo ay ku jiraan waayo-aragnimo ah miyir waqtiga; iyo sidoo kale in falsafadda ah macquulka ah. Work on macquulka ah ee muddada baaluq yihiin sida soo socota: "The waayo-aragnimo iyo xukun" (1939) iyo "The macquulka ah ee rasmiga ah iyo dhaafsiisantahay" (1929). markii miyirku waxa uu baaritaan ku Husserl ee "Khudbooyin on phenomenology ee miyir gudaha waqtiga" (1928) iyo qaar ka mid ah shaqooyin kale oo ka tirsan muddooyinka kala duwan ee hal-abuurka. In 1931, Edmund Husserl abuuray a "meditation Cartesian", kaas oo ka soo baxay si faahfaahsan badan oo ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka aqoon iyo waayo aragnimo ah miyir dadka.

Midba jihada phenomenology

Waa in la sheegay in ay asxaabta badan oo hore iyo ardayda ayaa sidoo kale horumariyo phenomenology Husserl ee, laakiin jiho kale ah. Gaar ahaan Scheler xiiso diinta iyo in la dhiso on this saldhig ay fikradda phenomenological. Heidegger, oo ka mid ah aasaasayaasha existentialism, marka hore isagoo xer u ah Husserl. Muddo ka dib, wuxuu ku qaadeen hubinta ah phenomenology la xiriira fikradaha ah "jiritaanka" iyo "isagoo". Husserl, kalsooni in laga yaabo in uu aragti u gaar ah, dhaleeceeyay booska uu ka Heidegger.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu nolol iyo geeri Husserl

Edmund Husserl, xertiisii tagay adkaystay xanuun adag, kaas oo u muuqday in uu sanno ee ugu danbeysay ee nolosha. muddo soo daahay si ay u dhamaystiraan shaqada ee Husserl ee "The Crisis of Sciences Yurub", ka abuuray 1936 oo lagu daabacay 1954 In u Faylasuuf la soo jeediyay fikradda ah nolosha dunida, taas oo uu noqday mid aad u caan ah.

Husserl dhintay on April 26, 1938 in Freiburg im Breisgau. uu dhintay ka dib, waxay ka tageen oo ku saabsan 11,000 oo bog oo qoraal iyo shuqulladiisii la daabicin. Nasiib wanaag, waxay ku guulaysteen inay badbaadin. Waxay ahaayeen gaadiid si Belgium (Leuven), halkaas oo ay sii shaqada maanta ay daabacaadan, bilaabay in 1950 (taxanaha "Gusserliana").

Edmund Husserl: xigashooyin

xigashooyin badan oo Husserl istaahila in dareenka, laakiin qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay u baahan yihiin ka badan qoto-dheer yaqaano ah ay falsafada. Sidaa darteed, waxaan soo xulay kuwa ugu fudud in ay yihiin si cad oo dhan. Edmund Husserl, shuqullada ugu muhiimsan, kuwaasi oo ay ku xusan lagu soo bandhigay, waa qoraaga oo ka mid ah qoraalada soo socda:

• "Dunida Tani ma aha qof kasta isku mid ah."
• "Relativity runta weeyaan saabsan jiritaanka dunida."
• "Bilowgii waa daahir iyo, sidaas si la hadasho, weli Hawiyaha ee waayo-aragnimo ah ee muteness."

Oo ilaa maantadan la joogo ma Abate xiiso jihada this, sida falsafada phenomenological of Edmund Husserl. Life-dunida, waayaha iyo dhibaatada ugu muhiimsan ee waqtiga oo dhan - waxan oo dhan ayaa ka muuqata wuxuu qoray. Dabcan, Husserl la oran karo waa filasoof weyn. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ardayda iyo asxaabta ayaa u gurteen galay hoosku maanta, oo weli tixraac shuqullada Husserl. Fikradaha falsafo tani weli waa ku habboon, oo u hadla si ay aadka u ballaaran.

Sidaas daraaddeed, sameeyey aad la kulanto fekeraya xiiso leh, Edmund Husserl. Biography kooban oo isaga, dabcan, ku siinayaa oo kaliya faham maqaar saar ah oo uu falsafada. Si aad u qoto dheer u fahmaan fikradaha uu, tixraac shuqullada Husserl.