Nitrus acid. Kiimikada iyo guryaha jirka

Nitrus acid - acid ah monobasic daciif ah, taas oo jiri karo oo kaliya in xal aqueous lagu milo iyo buluug qaab gaaska. Tan waxa loo yaqaan milix nitrite ama nitrite. Waxay yihiin sun iyo deganaanshaha badan acid laftiisa. formula kiimikada ee wax this waa sida soo socota: HNO2.

guryaha jirka ah:
1. mass gaws waa 47 g / mol.
2. miisaanka kelli The qaraabo waa 27 AMU
3. Mugga waa 1.6.
4. dhibic barafku waa 42 darajo.
5. dhibic karaya waa 158 digrii.

guryaha kiimikada ee nitrus acid

1. Haddii xal acid nitrus la kululeeyo, waxaa jiri doona falcelinta socda kiimikada:
3HNO2 (nitrus acid) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2NO (xabagta nitric la sii daayay sida gaaska) + H2O (oo biyo ah)

2. Xalka aqueous iska fogeeyay arrinta si fudud oo ka cusbada ee acids xoog ku barakacay,
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2NaNO2 (sodium nitrite) = Na2SO4 (sodium sulphate) + 2HNO2 (nitrus acid)

3. mowduuca aan noqon kartaa oksidheeyeyaal ah iyo guryaha la yareeyo. Markii loo feydo ah wakiilada oksidheeyeyaal xoog leh (tusaale ahaan, chlorine, H2O2 hydrogenperoxid ah, -KP) waxaa oxidized si nitric acid (xaaladaha qaarkood formation of cusbada acid nitric):

Yaraynta guryaha:

HNO2 (nitrus acid) + H2O2 (hydrogenperoxid ah) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + H2O (oo biyo ah)
HNO2 + Cl2 (chlorine) + H2O (oo biyo ah) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2HCl (Aashito)
5HNO2 (nitrus acid) + 2HMnO4 = 2Mn (NO3) 2 (amooniyam manganese, cusbo acid nitric) + HNO3 (nitric acid) + 3H2O (oo biyo ah)

guryaha oksidheeyeyaal ah:

2HNO2 (nitrus acid) + 2HI = 2NO (xabagta oxygen, in gaaska a) + I2 (iodine) + 2H2O (oo biyo ah)

Diyaarinta nitrite

walax Tani waxaa laga heli karaa siyaabo dhowr ah:

1. xabagta nitric Marka kala diri (III) ee biyaha:

N2O3 (xabagta nitrogen) + H2O (oo biyo ah) = 2HNO3 (nitrus acid)

2. xabagta nitric Marka kala diri (IV) ee biyaha:
2NO3 (xabagta nitrogen) + H2O (oo biyo ah) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + HNO2 (nitrus acid)

Isticmaal of nitrus acid:
- diazotizing amines hoose udgoon;
- saarka ee diazonium cusbada,
- in ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xeryahooda organic (tus, waayo wax soo saarka ee formaldehyde organic).

Gaadhista nitrus acid jirka

maalkiisu waa sun, waxa uu leeyahay saamayn mutagenic dhalaalaya, sida muhiimad ahaan waa wakiilka deaminated.

Waa maxay nitrites ah

Nitrite - waa cusbada kala duwan ee nitrus acid. K in heerkulka ayaa ka degganaansho yar Nitrate. Loo baahan yahay in soo saaridda ee formaldehyde qaar ka mid ah. Loo isticmaalo daawada.

Of muhiimadda gaar ah aadanaha helay nitrite sodium. walax waxa uu leeyahay NaNO2 caanaha. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida preservative ah ee warshadaha cuntada ee soo saaridda ee alaabta ka soo kalluunka iyo hilibka. Waa budo cad oo saafi ah ama wax yar ka hurdi. nitrite Sodium hygroscopic (marka laga reebo nitrite ah sodium la Daahiriyey) iyo sidoo kala diri ee H2O (oo biyo ah). In hawada waa inay awoodaan inay si tartiib tartiib ah oxidize amooniyam sodium, waxay leedahay guryaha yaraynta xoog leh.

nitrite Sodium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in:
- Avv kiimikaad ah: si aad u hesho a xeryahooda abahaaga diazo in barkinta azide sodium xad-dhaaf ah si loo soo saaro oxygen, xabagta nitrogen, sodium iyo sodium, waayo nuugista ee carbon dioxide,
- soosaarka cuntada (daro cuntada E250) sida antioxidant iyo wakiilka ah bakteeriyada,
- Dhismaha: sida daro qabow ka hor taga in dhismayaasha la taaban karo ee soo saaridda ee alaabta dhismaha iyo, in ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xeryahooda organic sida inhibitor daxalka atmosfeerta, in soo saaridda ee masaxado, poppers, lagu daro xal loogu talagalay waxyaabaha qarxa; markii biraha waxaa lagu daaweeyaa si meesha looga saaro lakabka iyo waxa daasadda ah, iyo phosphating;
- Sawiradii: sida antioxidant iyo reagent ah;
- bayoolaji iyo daawo: a vasodilator, maroojiska, calool jilciye, bronchodilator; sida daawo ah khubad xoolaha ama cyanides aadanaha.

Waxaa hadda sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa by cusbada kale ee acid nitrus (tus, nitrite potassium).