Technocracy - waa xaq darro lagu helay fikradda ama ugu xumaa ee sinnaariyooyinka?

Falsafadda of Technology oo dhan ka xoogga badan oo ku saabsan doorka intelligentsia farsamo waa in model ah ee dunida maanta. Xitaa dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, ka mid ah xirfadlayaasha u hayo fikirka ah technocracy, kaas oo ahaa sidii natiijo ah oo ka mid ah horumarka cajiib ah in sayniska loo jecel yahay.

Thorstein Veblen iyo shaqada

Waa maxay technocracy? qeexid gaaban oo fikradda waxa ay tilmaamaysaa injineerada xoogga, muuqatay iyo in la horumariyo ka shaqaynayeen Thorstein Veblen. Ilaa xad ugu weyn waxa ay ku saabsan tahay waxbaa la bulsho ee uu qoray yaqaan "Injineerro iyo nidaamka qiimaha", lagu daabacay 1921. In iyada fanka iyo sayniska ku takhasusay dhaqmaan hawshii horumarka warshadaha iyo bulshada, waxay yihiin at naxariista maal iyo badalo wareegyada sare ee bulshada wanaagga guud. Sida laga soo xigtay fikradaha Veblen, qarnigii labaatanaad, waa wakhti la isugu keeno xirfadlayaasha ee technology iyo formation of meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee ay gacanta ku qumman ee bulshada. Waqtigaas, mid ka mid ah ka odhan kari waayeen in technocracy ah - fikradda ah in uu leeyahay guusha, hadalka Veblen helay jawaab gaar ah ka Burl, Frisch iyo kuwa kale.

Xaaladan dhaqdhaqaaqa, farsamo-

Tobankii sano ee saddexaad ee qarnigii labaatanaad oo dalka Mareykanka ah, marka bulshada waxaa lagu xiisad dhaqaale, waxaa jiray dhaqdhaqaaq, sida technocracy ah. Qeexidda barnaamijkeeda iyo mabaadiida lagu saleeyay fikradda ah hab qumman bulshada in gebi ahaanba joogto ah la fikradaha Veblen. Dhaggan technocracy naadiyey socda casriga cusub, bulshada taas oo u baahan oo dhan ku qanacsan yihiin, bulshada, taas oo injineerada iyo farsamo mashquulin jagooyinka keentay. Waxay sidoo kale sharciyeynta gudbikaraa dhaqaale, iyada oo dhibaatooyinka, qoondaynta saxda ah ee khayraadka iyo arrimo kale.

Dhaqdhaqaaqa helay, farsamo-dardar. Waxaa jiray saddex boqol ka badan ururada ku riyoon jiray kacaankii warshadaha iyo qorsheynta cilmi ah, dabaqi karo in dalka oo dhan.

Technocracy in qoraalladii Bernheim iyo Galbraith

In 1941, Dzheyms Bernhaym, sociologist ka America, daabacay buug "Maamul Revolution The." Waxa uu ku dooday in technocracy ah - a line dhabta ah ee dalal badan oo siyaasadeed. Wuxuu ogaaday in kacaanka farsameysan si saameeyaa bulshada, ma aha hantiwadaagga yimaado si uu u bedelo shuuciyad iyo "bulshada of control" ah. Control la xidhiidha hantida, in maqnaanshaha kale ma jiro. Lahaanshaha iyo maamulka shirkadaha gobolka iyo waaweyn ku kala soocan yihiin. Bernheim rumeysan yahay in hantida waa ka tirsan tahay Xakamaynaya, ie maamulayaasha.

In the 60-70-mada ay fikradda ah technocracy loo sameeyay shuqullada Dzhona Kenneta Galbraith ee "aragtida dhaqaalaha iyo gool ah bulshada" iyo "The New Industrial State". In fikradda Galbraith ee salka ku haya fikirka ah "technostructure", madaxda bulshada ee ku takhasusay berrinka farsamo, waa "kii sirdoonka wadareed iyo xal."

The si firfircoon horumarinta bulshada warshadaha, "ayuu technostructure" waa sii muhiim ma aha oo kaliya oo ku saabsan arrimaha dhaqaalaha, laakiin sidoo kale in maamulka dadweynaha. Waa sababtaa tan aan awood siyaasadeed la isugu at farsamo ee soo codsada aqoonta iyo sayniska si ay u xakameeyaan bulshada.

Technocracy - saldhig u ah aragtida of "bulshada technotronic" by Zbigniew Bzhezhinskogo iyo "bulshada post-warshadaha" Deniela Bella.

Technocrat Daniel Bell

Daniel Bell - sociologist ah oo ah borofisar ka tirsan Harvard, taas oo ah isbeddel farsameysan ee falsafada. In 60s ee uu soo bandhigay aragti ah ee bulshada post-warshadaha. Waxaa Bell fasiray riyada isbedel shuuciyad ka dhashay saamaynta horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada, oo ay diinta ka galay nidaamka cusub, kaas oo noqon lahaa bulshada warshadaha kala duwan iyo in la sii dayn doono ka hor imanayaana ay.

Naqdiga mabaadi'da farsameysan

farsamo-saadaaliyo dhab ah muddo dheer marnaba shaki. In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii labaatanaad, waa waqti ay ku daahfurtay in la yaab leh, kordhaya wax soo saarka iyo horumarinta heerarka nolosha ee dalal badan. Oo ay la socdaan habka wanaagsan, horumarka farsamada ayaa keentay in xoojinta ifafaale badan negative in geliyey nolosha aadanaha halis. Dhaleeceeynta technocracy, rajada la qurxiyey ka muujiyay in doorashada ee shuqullada tahay, kaas oo ka mid ah iyo dystopia: "waxbaa la 14" Karl Vonnegut, "Fahrenheit 451," Ray Bradbury "," Brave New World "by Aldous Huxley," 1984 "by George Orwell dadka kale. shuqullada Kuwanu waa khatar ku ah aadanaha, xukumeen bulshada keligii ah, farsamo-, kaas oo xorriyadda gnoblenie iyo shaqsi sare sayniska iyo farsamada horumariyo.

Si-date eegto technocracy ah

faylosuufiinta Maanta loo arkaa dhibaatada technocracy sida mid ka mid ah ugu deg-deg ah. Kuwa xukumi mabaadi'da farsameysan si adag u aaminsan yihiin in falsafada, hubaysan oo leh ujeeddooyin anshaxa, falsafada iyo sharci, cilmiga iyo aasaasiga xaqiijin lahaa bulshada in technocracy - hab nacasnimada ah ee horumarinta.