Ecosystem ee seeraha. Macaamiisha iyo qaybaha lafaguro oo berrin bannaan

Deegaanka - fikradda ah in qeexaya nidaamka xiriirka bulshada ka mid ah xayawaankii gudahood, degaanka xiran ( "oikos" (Gr) -. "Deggan tahay" iyo "nidaam").

Sidaas darteed, marka aan ka fiirsan xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya dhirta, xayawaanka, dulin, bakteeriyada degganaa meel seere ah, waxaannu nidhaahnaa, waxan oo dhan - hannaanka deegaameed ee seeraha.

lafaguro dabiiciga ah: habaynta kooxaha

Waxay la kala qaybsanyihiin karaa sida soo socota:

1. Ground - Dhuldhoobo, taiga, kaymaha kaymo, tifqaan, cidlada.

2. biyaha saafiga ah - Wabiyaal, harooyinka, berkadood, dhoobada, biyo kaneecada.

3. Marine - Ocean shelf, upwelling (meelaha la show a biyaha badda qoto dheer), estuary (afka oo webiyaasha ka tagaya iyo badaha iyo moolalka), Qoryaale ah.

Lafaguro noqon kartaa size soo socda:

• micro - ilaa xad yar (tusaale ahaan, hummock qoyan);

• Meso - size dhexdhexaad ah (waxa laga yaabaa, tusaale ahaan, oo berrin bannaan, ama balli);

• Dhaqale - oo aad u ballaaran (joojiyaa ama qaaradda);

• Global - caalamka.

qaybaha wadar ahaan labada lug ah la lafaguro iyo arrimo dabiici ah

ecosystem kasta oo uu ka kooban yahay go'an qaybaha biotic, noolaha ku nool in ay degi doonaan, oo abiotic (non-nool) - macdanta ah, ciidda organic, nitrogen, carbon, biyo.

arrimaha dabiiciga ah si dadban qayb-qaato horumarinta bulshooyinka waxyaabaha nool, meesha bannaan ee kooban ee nidaamka. Tani shucaaca, qoyaan, hannaankii heerkulka cadaadiska hawada qoraxda.

Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xuso waxqabadka aadanaha ee nolosha bulshada - waa nin-dhigay arrimood oo keliya ma beddeli karaan hannaanka deegaameed, laakiin sidoo kale in la dilo.

Meadows: habaynta

Oo berrin bannaan loo yaqaan aagga xaddidan, baxda doogga. In Russia, seeraha waxaa dhaqan ahaan u qaybsan Oofirna (dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah) oo aan dabiici ahayn. (Oo ka soo jeeda wareeg, gaar ahaan qasacadeysan markii la hubo).

tifqaan Native ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo isticmaalo haying iyo daaqa xoolaha. Waxay bixiyaan goosashada oo hodan ah ka dhigtee iyo hannaanka deegaameed oo berrin bannaan laftiisa taageertaa baahida loo qabo xayawaankii xiriir muddo dheer nolosha. Musiibada dhulalka sida loo arkaa in ay nabaad guurka ciidda, baxda leh haramaha (meel u dhow kaynta) iyo faafinta haramaha. grassland hooyo waa ka yar iyo wax ka yar.

seeraha Artificial meelaha tixgeliyo oo ka soo jeeda beeraha wareeg dalagga ama u muuqday ka dib markii nabaad. Waxay yihiin darajada koowaad cows dilka ah, kaas oo ku siin dhalidda ugu sareeya. Si joogto ah ula socdaan gobolka of ciidda, samaynta macdanta iyo organic ah Bacriminta loo baahdo. ecosystem Meadows kiiskan waa gebi ahaanba ka duwan yahay dabiiciga ah, u abuuray iyo dayactiro kiimikaysan kaliya.

Waayo, daaqa waxaa loo isticmaalaa labada seeraha dabiiciga ah iyo macmal ah. midig ayaa loo arkaa burburka ka mid ah goobaha sida qaybta loo isticmaalo kale ah, waxay u saamaxdaa cover cawska soo celiyo.

qaybaha Biotic seeraha ecosystem

Meadow iska leh bulshada size dhexdhexaad ah xayawaan, si ka kooban yahay xubno ka soo jireenka ah ee wax kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah oo dhan.

Deggan waxa loo yaqaan tifqaan lafaguro qaybaha biotic. Sida laga soo xigtay soocidda la ansixiyay, waa soo saarayaasha, macaamiisha iyo decomposers.

1. ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ (основа любого органического вещества). Saarayaasha - waa dhirta in loogu badalo tamarta qoraxda iyada oo photosynthesis isomer glucose C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ (saldhig kasta oo walax organic).

2. Consuments - macaamiisha dhul seere ah deegaanka, quudinta on dhirta, cayayaanka ama xayawaanka kale.

3. Decomposers - waa organisms in ay ku quudiyaan on arrinta organic dhintay.

saarayaasha seeraha

Warshad weyn ee cawska - cawska. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in on hal mitir laba jibaaran jiri karaan dhinac qiyaastii boqol dhirta kala duwan.

cows seere aasaasiga ah - badarka (oo ku saabsan afartan noocyada). Waxaa Timoteyos, fescue cas oo berrin bannaan, cawska galley, caws beero, bluegrass , foxtail oo berrin bannaan, oo berrin bannaan Brome, cad laaban yihiin. Waxay sameeyaan ilaa mass cagaaran, siiyaan cows fiican, si tartiib ah u kora guga, dayrta soo baxaan (siiyey gadaal). dhalatada Kuwani - heerka hoose ee seeraha ku.

The oo berrin bannaan soo socda ugu caansan - digiraha (ka shan iyo toban ilaa labaatan noocyada), dhir, digir, darajo. Waxay kobciyo ciidda la nitrogen. Tani waa heerka labaad.

Cows waa dhirta ee qoyska Umbelliferae, Labiatae, buttercup, dhego yare - asal ahaan waa heerka seddexaad.

Grass - link ugu horeysay ee muhiimka ah ee silsiladda cuntada, bulshooyinka dalka. No marka laga reebo iyo tifqaan deegaanka. Xayawaanka (xoolaha herbivorous), cayayaanka, shimbiraha cuni cagaarka iyo miraha labadaba. The cows more duurjoogta ah oo berrin bannaan ee, macaamiisha dheeraad ah ka iman kara taagnaan karo on this site.

consuments

seeraha Macaamiisha hannaanka kala qaybsan yihiin saddex amarada:

1. Si macaamiisha (users) amarka ugu horeysay yihiin wakiillo ka dubato si toos ah u quudiyaan soo saarayaasha (saarayaasha), ie dhirta. Tani cayayaan (dhicin, bees, østers), nuujiya herbivorous (jiirka, lo'da, fardaha, idaha, riyaha, bakaylaha), dhul seere ah, shimbirahoowna (la digaagduur, shimbir, digaagduur).

2. Si labaad qaado carnivores consuments, geedo daaq cunaya. Waxaa dawaco, hedgehogs, shimbir insectivorous (wagtail, corncrake, snipe, ninba, afartan) iyo xitaa caarada.

3. By amarka saddexaad ee macaamiisha waa carnivores, cunista carnivores. Tani, shimbirahoowna (la kestrel, harrier, aboodiga, iyo faragooysta caynkeeda) iyo xayawaanka (tusaale ahaan, Dawacooyinku).

seeraha ku baabbi'inaya ecosystem

silsiladda cuntada kasta waa in la xidhay, waxa weeye waxa keena wareegyada faafin. Sidaa darteed, waa in noolaha oo awood u xaalufinta dhan ku harta organic. еструкторами. Waxaa loo yaqaan decomposers, ama d estruktorami. Waxay qabtaan shaqo aad u muhiim ah - waa in dabiiciga ah ee dhaqaatiirta ah, waxay xiran yihiin wareegga biogeochemical.

Aaway fossils ah? Tani dhulka dhintay iyo dhulka hoostiisa (xididdada) dhirta, caleemaha dayrta dhacday, dhintay (ama ka cudur kasta, ama dhintay, ama dhameeyey geedi socodka jiritaanka), shimbiraha iyo xoolaha, shimbiraha, waxyaabaha qashinka, xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka. All of this arrinta organic tamar-hodanka ah, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa dhabkiyo.

ecosystem ee ku tifqaan waxay fursad si uu u jiro xayawaanka soo socda in ay ku quudiyaan on dhabkiyo (detritophages):

• Shimbiraha - gorgorraduna, ayaa gorgorraduna, Diiqu, jackdaws;

• cayayaanka - nooli, dirxiga cayayaanka, horumarinta dhulka hoostiisa, kuwa lamid ah digo, centipedes laba-labada nin;

• earthworms.

Dhammaan oo ka mid ah wakiilada kor ku xusan ee flora oo berrin bannaan sida caadiga ah waa in ay macaamiisha, mashquulin Misbaax gaar ah in madaxda ee macaamiisha. Wax gubaya, haraadiga dhintay, Kuna daahiriyey deegaanka, waxay kaga Tagayaan Gadaashoodana a harta nuxurrada u adag (saxaro).

seeraha decomposers

Seere cows, kuwaas oo soo saara, waayo, korriimadooda waa inay qaataan ciidda kala diri dhexdeeda macdanta.

On dalka (oo ay ku jiraan seere) walxaha macdanta galaan ciidda laba siyaabood - biotic, iyo abiotic.

1. In dabiiciga ah fangaska iyo sheyga ciidda awoodaan si loogu badalo xeryahooda organic adag galay imanba fudud iyo organic kaliya. Waxay yihiin decomposers ugu weyn ee la lafaguro jidhadhka dhulka. Habkani biotic.

2. carqalad farsamo (debcinta-dhalaalid), kiimikada iyo jawaab photochemical dhaca ee dabiiciga ah, waxaa lagu beddelay xeryahooda organic adag la heli karo si fudud decomposers organic iyo imanba. Tani waa hab abiotic in.