Dmitry Cantemir, statesman Moldova iyo Ruush iyo aqoonyahan. Biography, qoyska, carruurta

Ninkan aan caadi ahayn, associate ee Peter aniga iyo halyay u fiican, kaalin muhim ah u dhaqan dunida sida qoraa, taariikhyahan, Faylasuuf iyo Orientalist. Member of Academy Berlin ee 1714, ayuu ku qoray, calaamadeeyay guurka ka maadadeed Dr Makumbe filaaya noocyada casriga ah maangalka ah. Magaciisa - Dmitry Kantemir.

Childhood iyo Waxbarashada Aasaasiga ah

Dhashay siyaasiga October 26, 1673 tuulada Moldova Silishten. Later waxay uga gudubtay in Romania, laakiin maanta waxaa lagu magacaabaa Vaslui. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII ah, waxa ay ku yaaliin joogitaanka ee Constantine Cantemir - taliye Moldova iyo aabbihiis dhashay Dmitry. Oo hooyadiis Anna Bantysh yaqaan in ay ahayd wakiilka ah mid ka mid ah boyars qadiimiga ah.

Laga soo bilaabo carruurnimada hore, formation of shakhsiyadda ee Dmitry Konstantinovich aad buu u saameeyay macallimiinta - bartay nin, wadaad ah I. Kakavela. Isla mar, wuxuu caan ku ahayd publications badan, doodaysaa ka dhanka ah wacyigaliyo ee galaya, sidoo kale qoraaga buugga a of macquulka ah, taas oo cilmiga barashada jiilalka mustaqbalka ee faylosuufiinta iyo fiqiga.

The sano ku qaatay magaalada Turkish

At da'da shan iyo toban, Dmitri ahaa ee Istanbul. Waxaa ma uu of siday u doonayeen yimid, iyo sidii afduub ah ee gobolka, wuxuu ahaa ku xiran Turkey, taas oo ahayd waqti in Moldivia. In boos la mahdin oo caynkaas ah, wuxuu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma lumin hadiyadda ah waqti iyo sii si loo hagaajiyo uu waxbarashada. In sidaas la sameeyo, waxa ay gargaar qiimo badan in saynisyahano badan raggu Greek-Latin Academy, taas oo ahayd waqti, maadaama uu yahay in caasimadda ah ee dekadaha caan.

In saddexda sano ee qaatay on the bangiyada of Bosphoru, gaajaysan, waayo, nin dhallinyaro aqoontii ay ka barteen Greek, Turkish, Carabi iyo Laatiin, iyo sidoo kale dabcan ka mid ah muxaadarooyin ku saabsan taariikhda, falsafada iyo fiqiga. Oo uu aragtida waxaad fartaan Wannaagga gelin sannadahaas sarkhaansan shuqullada falsafadeed ee Anthony iyo Spandoni, iyo iyadoo ay sabab u yiqiin fikrado falsafada dabiiciga ah Meletios Carta.

Ololaha Military iyo mu'aamaraad siyaasadeed

Marka ee 1691, Dmitry Kantemir ayaa guriga ku soo laabtay, isagu xaq buu isu helay qarada weyn ee dagaalka, taasoo keentay Moldivia iyo Poland. Sida ina Boqorka, Dmitry ka mid ah taliyayaasha ay ku hogaamiyay kun oo ciidamada ahaa. In 1692, isagu xaq buu isu kala duwanaayeen at hareeraynta ah ee qalcadda leh Soroca qabtay oo polish ah. Waxa ay ahayd in uu waayo-aragnimo koowaad ee hawlgallada dagaalka iyo go'aan-qaadasho, on taas oo ku xiran nolosha dad badan.

Next, ee 1693, waxay u keeneen dhibaatooyin badan oo la xidhiidha halganka gudaha siyaasadeed ee dalka. Xaqiiqada ah in iyada Aabbahayo wuxuu ku dhintay Cantemir, kuwaas oo ahaa ilaa uu dhintay taliyihii Moldivia, oo uu dhintay ka dib boyars doortay bedelka Dmitry. Laakiin mid ka mid doonista Boyar uusan ku filnayn.

Tan iyo markii ay madax hoostiisa Maxmiyadda Turkish ahaa, natiijada doorashada ayaa lagu ansixiyey in Istanbul. Waxa uu ka faa'ideystay koox siyaasadeed Cantemir - taliyihii Wallachia, Constantin Brancoveanu. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay saameyn ku Sultan, oo ay sabab u tahay musharaxnimada ee Dmitry la soo diiday.

On shaqada diblomaasiyadeed

Ka dib markii failure, taas oo aan isaga ku kici post ugu sareeya gobolka, Cantemir laabtay Istanbul, laakiin markan sidii afduub ah, iyo hawlgal diblomaasiyadeed. Waxa uu loo magacaabay wakiilka rasmiga ah ee odayga Moldavian at barxadda Sultan ah. Markan, uu ku sii joogayo xeebaha Bosphoru ka daba dheeraaday. Iyada oo hakad yar uu ku noolaa caasimadda Turkish ilaa 1710.

Tani waxay muddo nolosha Dmitry Kantemir ayaa il qabad leh. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu la diriro, laakiin markan ciidanka Turkish. Oo in kastoo dagaal la Austrians on webiga Tisza ah, taas oo uu ka qayb qaatay, ku dhamaaday guuldarro burburiyo waayo ciidamada Sultan ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu isaga u siiyey xoolo ah oo waayo-aragnimo military. Waxay ku taallaa in adeegga diblomaasiyadeed, Cantemir bilowday goobo balaadhan oo ah kuway isbarteen.

Ka mid ah uu saaxiibo cusub ayaa sidoo kale wakiilo ka sayniska, ugu caansan kuwaas oo ahaa saynisyahan caan Turkish Sadi Effendi, oo ka dib markii dalal badan oo Yurub ah. Waxa uu noqday ciyaar saaxiibtinimo la Tirada Ruushka Ergayga Petrom Andreevichem Tolstoy, yaqaano kaas oo lahaa cawaaqib xeel dheer.

heshiis A qarsoodi ah la yeeshay Tsar Ruushka

In 1710, markii dagaal ka qarxay inta u dhexeysa Russia iyo Turkey, Cantemir oo ka socda dawladda Turkiga helay madax ka Moldavian, lahaa in ay ka qayb qaataan colaadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dulma qarsoodi neceb dalkiisa iyo rajo ah oo ku saabsan bayonets Ruush, uu xiriir la soo sameysay dowladda Ruush, iyadoo la isticmaalayo saaxiibkiis cusub - Tiri Tolstoy.

Dowladda Turkiga, oo yeynan on rajo weyn Cantemir, waxaan shaki ku jirin oo uu daacad, wuxuu aaminay diyaarinta ciidanka Moldova inay la diriraan Russia. In Dmitry waajibaadka ka mid ah dhismaha buundooyinka iyo isgoysyada badan Danube, iyo sidoo kale bixinta guryaha xilliga qaboobaha dalka Iswiidan, ka badbaaday Battle dhibaatada of Poltava iyaga u, diyaar buuxa si ay ugu aargudaan guuldaradii ee hore. On top of uu shaqada, uu waajib ku ah inay sameeyaan ilaalo qarsoon ninka ay xafiiltami jireen siyaasadeed Brancoveanu, kuwaas oo looga shakisan yahay Sultan khiyaamo qaran.

Iyadoo in 1711 in Slutsk, mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reer galbeedka Ukraine, Dmitry Kantemir Prince iyadoo ay kaalmo ka mid ah P. Tirada A. Tolstogo diray inay St. Petersburg uu Ergayga Stephan Luca, oo la faray in ay wada hadalo qarsoodi ah la yeeshay Peter aniga iyo in ay isbahaysi Bare la soo gabagabeyn on falalka ka dhanka ah Turkigu.

Heshiiska, taas oo ay ku Qaddarray in ay ku fashilmaan

Tan iyo waqti in Cantemir iskaashi dhow la leh Boqortooyada Ruush. In la mid ah 1711, ayaa la si firfircoon uga qayb nuqulkii hore ee heshiiskii bixisaa dhexgalka iskaa wax u qabso ee Moldova hoos timaad maamulka Ruush badan madaxbannaani. Mid ka mid ah toddoba iyo toban cutubyada dukumeentiga by Boqortooyada shakhsi ahaan uu ku dhawaaqay, Dmitry Cantemir, iyadoo xaq u wareejinta awoodda uu dhaxla toos ah. Isla mar ahaantaana taagnaa dhammaan galladaha ay boyars ah.

The dhibic ugu muhiimsan ee heshiiska uu ahaa soo celinta Moldova oo dhan dhulal qabtay Porte ah, oo la baabiiyo of canshuurtii Turkish. Hirgelinta heshiiska calaamadeeyay soo afjarmay xukunkii urub. Tani waxay la kulmay taageerada xamaasad leh ee dhammaan qaybaha bulshada ee Moldova iyo bixiyo Cantemir taageero caan ah.

heshiiska Prut

Laakiin qorshaha farxad ahaato sida aan la ogaaday. Si aad u sii daayo dalka Moldova ee 1711 ciidan Ruush tridtsativosmitysyachnaya hoos amarka Tiri Sheremetyev socotay. In la sii wado la dagaallanka Peter waxaan ahaa shakhsi joogo in-Chief heerka.

xilli, hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida Prut ee magaca webiga halkaas oo waxaa jiray dagaal kharaar kula ciidankii reer stadvadtsatitysyachnoy cadowga ahaa lagu guulaysan waayo, Russia. Si looga fogaado guuldaradii ka dhanka ah ciidamada ka xoogbadan, ciidanka Turkish, Peter aan saxiixay heshiis nabadeed, kaas oo Russia laga badiyay hore guulaystay Azov iyo inta badan xeebta Badda Azov ah. Sayidka, Moldova weli ku hoos noolaayeen xukunka Turkish.

U soo guurista Moscow, iyo boqorka naxariis

Dabcan, ka dib markii in dhan waxay u dhaceen on celinta dhammaan Moldovans ka yar banner Ruushka u adeegi jiray waxay noqon kartaa su'aal ma. Kun boyars gaaray Moscow, halkaas oo uu la siiyey shir aad u diiran. Si wadajir ah iyaga iyo gaaray Cantemir. Dmitry K. waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee count oo uu daacad u Russia xaq u leeyihiin inay u yeedhaan "Grace".

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo magacaabay hawlgabka adag, la siiyey dhul ballaaran oo dalka in hadda gobolka of Orel. Waxay ku taallaa on dhulkooda iyo degsiimooyinka Dimitrovka Kantemirovka ka badbaaday. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah ayaa helay xaaladda magaalada ku nool shan iyo badh kun oo qof, halka kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa degsiimooyinka nooca-magaalka. On top of Kantemir oo dhan sida sayidkiisa oo dhan, kuwaas oo u yimid isaga soo guuray Moldova xaq u Wakiil ah noloshooda ay ikhtiyaar u gaar ah.

aqoonsiga Yurub waraaqaha sayniska

In 1713, uu u dhintay naagtii Dmitriya Kantemira Cassandra Kontakuzin. iyada dhimasho ka dib, wuxuu sii waday in ay ku nool yihiin Moscow, dayactirka xiriir la dadkii ugu horumarsan waqtiga. Waxaa ka mid ah ugu caansan ahaayeen aasaasihii oo ka mid ah Latin-Greek Academy Feofan Prokopovich V. N. Tatischev, Prince AM Cherkassky, I. Yu Trubetskoy, halyay caan ah B. P. Sheremetev. Sida xoghayaha gaarka ah iyo macallinka carruurta wuxuu u yeedhay qoraa si fiican u yaqaan oo la xidhey I. I. Ilinskogo.

By waqtiga aan helay warkiisii Yurub, Shuqullo badan oo cilmi ah in loo abuuray inta lagu guda jiro sano ee marti Dmitry Kantemir uu. Description of Moldova iyo Turkey, ka shaqeeya cilmi afaf iyo falsafada u keeneen warkiisii universal. Berlin Academy of Sciences ee 1714, isagii geeyey safafka ay xubin sharafeed. Dabcan, saynisyahano Ruush siiyey mudnaan waajib ah saaxiibkii.

guurka labaad, u dhaqaaqo bangiyada of Neva ah

In 1719 in naftiisa ay timaado dhacdo cajiib ah - waxa galo guur cusub. Markan kan uu doortay uu noqonayaa Duchess AI Trubetskaya. Intii lagu guda jiray xaflad aroos taajka arooska madaxa uu is xajinaya boqor Peter I. Waa adag tahay inaan qiyaasno sharaf weyn muwaadin u dhashay Boqortooyada dalka Ruushka. Dhamaadka xaflada, Dmitry Kantemir iyo qoyskiisa u dhaqaaqay St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu ku qabtay taliye xafiiska dadweynaha caan ah Peter waxaan on arrimaha bariga. Halkan uu ka mid yahay dadka ugu dhow boqorka.

Marka in 1722 Emperor waxay aqbaleen uu caan xilli reer Faaris, Dmitry Konstantinovich ahaa oo isaga ku xigtayna madaxa Chancellery Gobolka. On uu initiative, waxaa jiray guri daabacaadda, kaas oo la daabacay wax Carabi. Tani waxay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah inay isku ururiso iyo wareejin gaadhsiiyey naado ogeysiis ah ee Emperor ee dadyowga deggan Faaris iyo Caucasus.

shuqullada Sayniska iyo horumar ee views falsafada

Xitaa SOFHURA Cantemir, sida saynisyahano badan oo Ruush, ku xayiran in xaaladaha la mid ah ma aysan joogsan cilmi. Intii lagu guda jiray sannadahan, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ku qoray taxane ah oo dhan xagga shuqullada taariikhiga ah, juqraafi iyo falsafada. Sida aadmka ah ku tuseysa inuusan, ayuu qaadeen daraasadda of taxadiri hore ee Dagestan iyo Derbent. views uu on su'aalaha aasaasiga ah ee caalamka maray waqti in horumar la taaban karo. In la soo dhaafay, adherent ah Niyadda fiqi ahaaneed, sanadihii la soo dhaafay waxa ay noqotay macquul ah, iyo in kiisas badan oo xataa materialist ee lama filaan ah.

Tusaale ahaan, in wuxuu qoray, ayuu sheegay in dunida oo dhan, la arki karo oo aan la arki karin, oo horseedaysa in ay horumarka ku saleysan sharciyada Ujeedada, sanyihiin by abuura. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda oo fikirka waa awoodaa inuu iyaga wax ka barato oo ay si toos ah horumarka dunida ee jihada saxda ah, waayo, dadka. Waxaa ka mid ah shuqulladii taariikhiga Cantemir keentay meel on taariikhda Dekedaha iyo hooyo Moldova.

dhamaadka nolol midabo

Dmitry Cantemir, kuwaas oo Biography waxa ay xidhiidh dhow la Epoch oo ka mid ah dib u habaynta Markos iyo dib u habaynta, ummad taktay, September 1, 1723. Muddada la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa uu ku gooyo qaatay isaga siiyey xaafadda Dimitrovka. The dambaska aaminka Saaxiibkiis of Peter waxaan waxaa lagu aasay Moscow, in derbiyada keniisad ah Of Greek The, iyo soddon jirka ahayd ee qarnigii XX qaadaa Romania, in Iasi ah.

Gabadha Qaadirka Moldova

In mid ka mid ah xilliyada ku xiga, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Empress Elizabeth, wuxuu helay warkiisii Cantemir gabadh ka guurka labaad Katerina Golitsyn, kaasoo ku dhashay 1720. Magaca in kacday markii in 1751 ay guursatay sarkaal Izmailovo Ciidankii Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn. Ka dib markii arooska, iyada waxaa laga sameeyey doorbidayey iyada Empress in sayidaddii dhabta ah.

Iyadoo maal a badan iyo wax badan oo safarka, Katerina Golitsyn qaatay dhowr sano ee Paris, halkaas oo uu guulo aan caadi ahayn ee bulshada sare iyo maxkamadda. Her salon ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu moodada ee caasimada Faransiiska. Marka ninka ayaa loo magacaabay danjiraha Ruush ee Paris, waxa ay noqotay xiddiga dhab ah.

Her nolosha laga gooyay gaaban ee 1761 ay sabab u tahay cudur. Dmitry Mikhailovich ahaa aad uga caroodeen by dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa la jecel yahay. Isagoo ka badbaaday iyada oo ku dhawaad soddon sannadood, ayuu Dulsan maalmood oo uu hoos u dhac in uu isbitaal ka dhiso xusuusta oo uu naagtiisa ka lahaa masaakiinta. Meejaad waxaa la siiyay, iyo Isbitaalka Golitsyn ah, kaas oo noqday bilowgii qarnigii XX Isbitaalka First City ka, waxa uu noqday taallo naagtii uu jecel yahay.

Palace on qararka Neva ah

About Cantemir Dimitrie u Yeeray Faracoodii dhismaha haybad, qurxinta qararka Palace ee St. Petersburg. Tani madaxtooyada hore Dmitriya Kantemira. Taagay ee labaataneeyada ee qarnigii XVIII ah, waa dhismaha ugu horeysay laga dhisay caasimada waqooyiga naqshadeeyaha ugu fiican Talyaani BF Rastrelli. photos uu aad ka arki kartaa kor ku xusan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Prince Moldavian qudhiisu ma uu karin inuu ku nool waxaa ku jira. Waxa uu ku dhintay markii madaxtooyada ayaa weli ku dhameysteen shaqada, laakiin magiciisana waxaa la weligiis lala masterpiece this of naqshadaha.