Aragtida Darwin ee horumar

aragtida Darwin ee horumar - mid ka mid ah aragtiyaha ugu muhiimsan ee horumarka dunida organic. Sida laga soo xigtay Darwin, xoogagga ah ee horumar - doorashada dabiiciga ah, kala duwanaanshaha, dhaxalka. calaamadaha New kacayaan hawlaha iyo qaab-dhismeedka of noolaha la xiriira tirayn. Arintaan waa gaar ah oo aan la hubin. A gaar ah (jiho) tirayn dhacdaa marka xaaladaha deegaanka leedahay saameyn la mid ah dhammaan ama inta badan nooc ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah shaqsiyaad. Waxaa la hiddo ma go'an qarniyada soo socda. In shaqsiyaadka qaar ka mid ah waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu cayinayn isbedel (undirected) in ay yihiin random iyo dhaxlo. tirayn oggalaansho waa laba nooc - oo isbedel ayaa combinative. Xaaladda hore inta lagu guda jiro meiosis in formation of faracooda mid isku cusub ee aabbaha iyo hooyada qaybo koromosoomyada sarrifka kuwaas oo mararka qaarkood, iyo mid kasta oo isku dhafan jiilka of hiddo-kordhay. Xaalada danbe, qaab dhismeedka hidde modified u shaqeeyo: tirada koromosoomyada, ay qaab-dhismeedka ama qaab-dhismeedka hiddo.

Darwin ee aragtida ah ee horumar iyo xubnaha ay aaminsan yihiin in isbedel ee jirka loo geysto deegaanka. Sidaas darteed of doorashada dabiiciga ah, badbaadada ah farcankii sidayaal of sifooyinka waxtar leh in waajibo iyadoo ay sabab u recombination ama hiddo-Isbedelo. xulashada waa muhiim factor ee horumar ah, sababa formation of noocyada of noolaha. Waxaa lagu sheegi karaa in saddex nooc: wadista, xasilinta iyo carqalad. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u horseedaa ah ee qalabka cusub. Inta badan inuu ka tago farcankiis waa ay heli karaan shakhsiyaadka in ay is badaleen oo ku saabsan qaar ka mid ah ku salaysan, iyadoo qiimaha celcelis ahaan marka loo eego. In foomka labaad, qabsashada kaydiyaa sameeyay xaaladaha deegaanka joogto ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, in dadka ka mid ah shaqsiyaad lagu kaydiyaa isagoo celcelis ahaan qiimaha sifooyinka. In nooc ka mid saddexaad ee isbedel beddelka sarkhaansan yihiin dhexdhexaad ah waa dhacdo ee polymorphism. In uu yahay, doorashada waxay dhacdaa in laba ama ka badan noocyada leexashooyinkaasi.

Darwin ee aragtida ah ee horumar ayaa muujisay in ciidanka ugu muhiimsan ee horumar - doorashada dabiiciga ah. Haddaba iyadoo ay sabab u interbreeding in ay soo saaraan noocyo cusub oo dadka. Aragtida isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo nidaamo, oo ay ku jiraan taariikhda (Karl Marx) iyo cilmi nafsiga (Sigmund Freud).

aragtida casriga ah ee horumar la taaban karo ayaa isbedelo. Si ka duwan ee aragtida asalka ah Darwin, waxaa si cad loo qoondeeyey qaab dhismeedka hoose (dadka), wixii horumar ah bilaabay. aragtida casriga ah oo dheeraad ah oo sababaysan, waxaa macquul ah oo cad iyo fasiraya xoogagga iyo qodobo, muujinayo waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryarba. muujinta An hoose ee geedi socodka waa isbeddel joogto ah in dadka genotype. Hawsha ugu wayn ee aragtida casriga ah waa daraasadda of farsamo ee geedi socodka evolutionary, awoodda in la saadaaliyo isbedel.

Darwin ee aragtida ah ee horumar waa xidhiidh dhow la aragtida ah ee horumar ah lagmamaarmaanna, oo ka kooban in xaqiiqda ah in ay xeryahooda organic ugu horeysay ee formation of dhaw quraxda xidiga ah ayaa Consort ka xeryahooda fudud in badda la aasaasay. Sidaas darteed xeryahooda hydrocarbon dheeraad ah la tiro ka mid ah xubno ka kiimikada la aasaasay of walxaha organic adag. Nidaamkan waa mid ku fartaan sarkhaansan daran shucaaca qoraxda iyo siideeyn korontada hillaac, qoondeeyo lacagta loo baahan yahay ee shucaaca. Badda aruursaday organics horumariyo bonds xoog kelli in ay yihiin adkaysi u saamaynta waxyeello ah ee shucaaca. Ka dib markii horumar dheer oo carbon xeryahooda nolosha kacay. Fikradda ah horumar u lagmamaarmaanna u horumariyo Alekseem Oparinym, Stenli Millerom, John Haldane iyo kuwa kale.