Aabraam Hannibal - awoowe African Abwaan Ruush

Great awoowe Abwaan caan Ruush Aleksandra Pushkina Aabraam Hannibal ku noolaa nolol dheer iyo il qabad leh. Wiilka uu dhalay amiir sharaf leh Afrika, oo uu ku afduubtay yaraantaadii by Turkiga iyo loo qaaday Constantinople. At da'da toddoba sano, wiilka in Moscow yimid oo noqday wiil jecel madow Peter I. Later, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u helaan waxbarasho wanaagsan oo aad xirfad military cajiib ah, anigoo si darajo of General-in-Chief. Aabraam Petrovich hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda iyada awow caanka A. S. Pushkinu, kuwaas oo u go'ay in uu shaqo taariikhiga ah "Arap Petra The Great ah."

Taariikhda iyo meesha dhalashada Hannibal

maqaarka madow oo timo madow kuweyga Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu ka weyn-awoowe Aabraam Hannibal, kaasoo ku dhashay Africa fog oo kulul dhaxlay. awoowe A madow Abwaan weyn wuxuu ahaa nin aan caadi ahayn, shakhsi aqoon u leh Peter weyn, dhiba Ioannovnoy, Elizabeth, iyo shakhsiyaad kale oo caan ah ee qarnigii XVIII ah. Maxay ahayd qaddar ee Pushkin caanka ah ee awoowe? Baro waxa ku saabsan wuxuu noqon karaa by reading uu Biography.

Aabraam Petrovich Hannibal ku dhashay sano ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii XVII ah. Taariikhda uu ku dhashay waa 1696 ama 1697. The dhashay badan tahay ee Hannibal tixgeliyo Abyssinia - gobolka ee waqooyiga Itoobiya. Laakiin qaar ka mid ah cilmi-Biography awowayaashood Pushkin ayaa leexdeen inay aaminsan yihiin in uu ka weyn-awoowe uu ku dhashay ee Saldanadii Logone, ee ku taalla soohdinta reer Cameroon iyo Chad. In raalli ee ra'yi this muujinaysaa Hannibal warqad hagaajiyaa Elizabeth Empress ah, taas oo uu ku meel magaalada dhalashada uu of Logone yeedhay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan suurto gal ahayd in la helo caddayn dokumeenti ah ee version this ilaa maanta.

The sano ee hore ee nolosha

Waqtiga dhalashada, ka awoowe weyn ee Pushkin, Aabraam Petrovich Hannibal, xirtay magaca Ibrahim. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa amiir Afrika caan ah, kuwaas oo lahaayeen naago iyo wiilal badan. At da'da toddoba sano, Ibrahim oo ay la socdaan walaalkiis ka weyn oo laga soo afduubay by Turkigu wuxuu u diray Constantinople. Waxaa jira wiilasha madow degeen hoyga (seraglio) oo bilaabay inuu kariyo ee bogagga Sultan. Oo bal yaa garanaya waxa dhici lahaa, haddii in 1705 ee Constantinople yimid Tiri Sawa Raguzinsky-Vladislavich oo soo iibsaday oo hadiyad ahaan u Peter Weyn.

Maxaad Tsar Ruush loo baahan yahay carruurta Afrika, taas oo la odhan jiray Russia arapchatami? Peter Great fidin soconin Europe iyo inta badan daawaday sida boqorro shisheeye guryaha usakhirey wiil madow. I jeclaa oo dhan dibada oo aan caadi ahayn, uu doonayo in uu wuxuuna joogi jiray hawshii arapchonok. Laakiin ma aha wax kasta, iyo farbarashada iyo asluubta wanaagsan. In qaddarinta in rabitaanka Peter aan, Raguzinsky Vladislavich-baan eegay ka dib markii in seraglio ee ugu haboon si ay ugu adeegaan in gurigii boqornimada ee reer wiilasha madow iyo iibsaday (oo laga helay ilo kale - xaday) iyaga at madaxa Seraglio ah. Sidaas walaalkiis Ibrahim ahaayeen in Russia.

Baabtiiska, wasaarada Peter aan

In xagaagii 1705 dadka cusub ee imanaya arapchata qaatay diinta kiristaanka ee Church of St. Paraskeva, Vilnius. Intii lagu guda jiray xaflad ka baabtiiska Ibrahim ayaa loo magacaabay Aabraam iyo Walaalkiis - Alex. waalidiinta la'yihiin awoowe Pushkin noqday Potr Veliky iyo xaaskiisa of Polish King August II, Christian Ebergardina. wiil madow Patronymic la siiyey magaca Tsar Ruush ah oo ku baabtiisa. Ka dib markii wiilkan Afrika Ibrahim noqday Aabraam Petrovich. Muddo dheer ayuu u dhashay magaca Petrov (oo lagu sharfayo ayaa buuga ah), iyo kaliya ee hore 40-mada ay qarnigii XVIII waxaa lagu badalay.

Aabraam Hannibal blackamoor uu noqday ugu jecel yahay ka mid ah Peter Weyn. Marka ugu horeysa, isna wuxuu u adeegay sida (wiil, kuwaas oo ku noolaa marinkeeda oo ka mid ah afar meelood boqornimada) diraha-priporozhnika ah, ka dibna wuxuu noqday taalo iyo xoghayaha madax ka. Peter aan sidaas ku kalsoon tahay inuu negro in loo ogol yahay isaga si ay u ilaaliyaan buugaagta, khariidadaha iyo sawiro laga helay xafiiskiisa iyo isaga siiyey ergooyinka qarsoon. In 1716, ka awoowe weyn ee Pushkin, Aabraam Petrovich Hannibal, Markaasay boqorkii oo ay u safraan iyada oo Europe. In France, waxay ahayd ka go'an in ay wax ka barato dugsiga injineernimada ah. Ka dib waxa ay baranayaan, Aabraam Petrovich waxaa biirinin ciidanka Faransiiska iyo ka qayb qaatay ee Dagaalkii 1718-1820 ee quarter-Union, halkaas oo uu ka helay nabar madaxa.

Oo sirkaalkii Hannibal ee 1723, wuxuu si Russia soo noqdeen oo lagu ladhay ee Preobrazhensky Ciidankii, kaas oo ka yar yahay amarkii Peter I. Thanks to aqoonta cajiib ah in xisaabta, helay in Europe, wuxuu noqday ciyaaryahankii ugu horeeyay ee taariikhda Engineer Army General Ruush. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay cilmiga saxda ah, Aabraam Petrovich yaqaanada taariikhda iyo falsafadda, ogaa Faransiis iyo Laatiin, si bulshada in loola dhaqmo sida nin ee aqoonta sare leh. By amar of Peter Pushkin ee awoowe ahaa barayay saraakiisha dhallinyarada, xisaabta iyo injineernimada. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu amray in aan turjumo buugaagta shisheeye ee maxkamadda Imperial.

In la masaafuriyey

Adeegga Aabraam Petrovich Hannibal Peter sii ilaa dhimashadiisii 1725. Kadib dhicistii of negro ku Tsar ahaa nimco, Alexander Prince ka Menshikov, oo noqday taliye oo dalka ka mid ah Qolyihii. Tani waxay dhacday ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in Hannibal aad u yiqiin oo dembiyadiinna oo qarsoon. Wuxuu caan ku ahayd ku saabsan intrigues iyo Prince xadgudubka, oo ku saabsan xiriirka uu si dhow ula Catherine I. oo raba in laga takhaluso marag khatar ah, Menshikov ee 1727 waxa ay ka saaraysaa ka soo maxkamadda oo soo diray si ay Siberia. In tixraac Ibraahim Hannibal ahaa in ka badan saddex sano. Ilaa iyo dhamaadka 1729 ayuu waxaa lagu qabtay xiray in Tomsk, siinta bil kasta 10 rubles.

Adeegga in Pernove

Bishii Janaayo 1730kii, ayuu kor uguma carshiga Imperial walaasha Petra Velikogo ee, Anna Ivanovna. Waxay soo xusuustay ka soo carruurnimada Aabraam Petrovich had iyo jeer si fiican isaga loola dhaqmo. Empress cusub baajiyay Cadaab Hannibal iyo oggol yahay inuu sii adeeg ciidan uu. Laga soo bilaabo Jannaayo ilaa September 1730kii, uu ku qoran sida weyn ee xeradii ciidanka Tobolsk, ka dib markii uu ku yeero Siberia iyo wareejiyay ah oo ku yaalla magaalada Eastland Pernau (hadda - Parnu in Estonia). Halkan Arap Petra Velikogo la siiyey darajo ah injineer kabtan. Muddo sanado ah 1731-1733 noqday taliyaha aagga deyrka lahaa ee Pernovskom iyo cilmiga isku midka ah ee kirishbooyada School Garrison (injineerada yar military) sawirka, qalcado iyo xisaabta. In 1733 Hannibal iska casilay, xiganaya go'aankii uu la dhibaatooyin caafimaad.

Guurka la Dioper

Muddo yar ka dib u dhaqaaqin Pernau Pushkin ee awoowe, Aabraam Petrovich Hannibal, markii ugu horeysay ee aan nolosheyda in aad ka fikirto guurka. bachelor xaqiijiyay kii ee hore 30-mada ay qarnigii XVIII ah u suurtagashay in ay bedesho afraadna waxaad bixisaan toban sano, uma oggolaanin la'aan dareenka jinsiga quruxsan. muuqaalka aan caadi ahayn Hannibal soo jiitay quruxda Ruush, iyo tixaha in Moor ololaysa badan, laakiin isagu weligii gelin up arrimaha amorous of adeeg ciidan. Noloshiisa oo bachelor socday muddo dheer ilaa iyo dhamaadka 1730kii, halka on safar ganacsi ee St. Petersburg ah, oo uu kula kulmay qof dumar ah oo qurux badan Greek Evdokia Dioper. Kululaatay gabar dareen dareen Afrika go'aansaday inuu guursado.

Evdokia ahayd gabadhii ugu da'da yaraa ee raxan sarkaal huuriyo Greek ka St. Petersburg Andrey Diopera oo Hannibal lahaa in ay la kulmaan intii lagu jiray safar ganacsi. Usugnaaday dheer ee caasimada waqooyiga waxaa la dhigay, Aabraam Petrovich ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in qoyskiisa. gabadheedu sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda Arap jeclaa Diopera, oo uu soo jeediyay guurka. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Evdokia Andreevna ahaa in jacayl la Sarreeye yar oo Aleksandra Kaysarova iyo waxaa isku diyaarineysa inay isaga guursato, aabbaheed go'aansaday in godson ee Peter waxaan noqon doonaa sida ugu fiican ee xisbiga. Horraantii 1731, wuxuu guursaday ciidan ee ay Aabraam Petrovich ee St. Simecoon Church ee St. Petersburg. Ka dib markii arooska lamaanahan u tageen inay Pernau, halkaas oo Hannibal u adeegi jireen. Si Lieutenant Kaisarov ma wareersan ee Hannibal jidka ku, oo uu ku wareejiyay jaaket.

Duudsigaas iyo barxaddii

Guurka qasabka ah ma keenaan farxad midkood Aabraam Petrovich, ama gabadha yar. Evdokia ninkeeda ma jecel oo daacad isagu ma uu xajin. In Pernove ayay dheygaga military dhallinyarada iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday waxay sayidaddeedii ku ah degaanka Don Juan Shishkin, isagoo xer u ah ninkeeda. In dayrta ee 1731 Dioper dhashay gabar cad-hasyo iyo cadaalad-lehba oo aan noqon kartaa gabadhii hooyo Afrika Aabraam Hannibal. In Pernove, shukaansi back to markii dadka deegaanka oo kaliya 2000, warkii dhalashada sirkaal injineer madow ilmaha cad noqday dareen dhab ah. Pushkin ee weyn awoowe Aabraam Petrovich Hannibal qabtay Ragooda ugu majaajiloodeen, oo ka murugoodo by gaalnimo naagtiisa. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this in uu u qoray in uu is casilay, taas oo la siiyay kaliya ee 1733 ka dib markii casaan Aabraam Petrovich dhaqaaqay dubaan, Karyakyula yaal Reval.

Hannibal ma dhaafo kara-xaaskiisa khaa'in. Waxaa lagu xamanayaa in uu naxariis darro ah ku garaacday iyada, lagu hayaa ilaa qufulan oo ku hanjabtay in ay u dilaan isaga. Ma aha oo raba in ay ku noolaadaan muddo dheer la Evdokia guriga ka mid ah, wuxuu bilaabay furitaanka cod weyn, iyada oo ku eedeeyay sino. Maxkamad millatari oo laga helay Dioper eed iyo ku heshiiyeen in ay iyada soo dir barxadda Isbitaalka, oo ay ku qoran maxaabiista oo dhan. Waxaa xaaskiisa xadgudbeen qaatay dheer 11 sano. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Evdokia xadgudubka waxaa lagu tijaabiyey, maxkamadda iyadii ma tuuray ninkeeda ka, iyo ciqaabo oo kaliya wuu sinaystaa.

guurka labaad

Iyadoo Evdokia Dioper waxaa xabsi ah khiyaamo qaran, ninkeeda guursaday mar labaad. Doortay Aabraam Petrovich noqday a sharaf ah asal Swedish sharaf Christina Regina von Sjöberg, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in Pernove. Waxay ahayd ka yar tahay ninkeeda 20 sano. Guurka iyada Aabraam Petrovich soo gabagabeeyey in 1736, halkii bixinta shahaadada shahaado furriin ah maxkamadda ciidamada, isagoo rumeyn xaqiiqda ah ee khiyaanay ah oo uu naagtiisa ka horeysay. Ka dib markii arooska, ayuu u dubaan, Karyakyulu keenay naagtiisa.

1743 Evdokia Dioper laga sii daayay xabsiga iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday uur leedahay. Si aad u guursato lover cusub, ayay gudbiyay codsiga consistory ruuxiga ah furiin la Hannibal, kaas oo loo aqoonsaday in uu infidelities ee la soo dhaafay. tallaabo lama filaan ah Evdokia ku dhawaad ku kici xorriyadda Aabraam Petrovich iyo xirfado, sababta oo ah waxa lagu eedeeyay kari guurka. dacwadaha Divorce socday ilaa 1753 oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu la Hannibal lama filaan ah si fiican, uu isaga ugu amray in ay toobad keenaan oo bixiso ganaax. Consistory uu qiray guurka si Hristinoy Sheberg sax ah, ka fiirsaneysa inay dambi ah xaaladda this, maxkamadda millatariga, kaas oo aan loo baahan yahay in la baaro ay dhacdo sino aan joogitaanka Synod Quduuska ah. Evdokia badan u nasiib badneyn. Waayo, sinaystay joogto iyadoo dhallinyaro ah, iyada ayaa lagu xukumay xabsi ku keniisad Staraya Ladoga halkaas oo ay joogtay illaa uu dhintay.

durriyadii

Xaasle Hristinoy Sheberg at gabayaa ee weyn awoowe ku dhashay 11 caruur ah, kuwaas oo ka badbaaday in ay gudbaan, todoba kaliya (Ivan, Osip, Isxaaq, Peter, Sophia, Elizabeth iyo Anna). Carruurta Abrama Gannibala isaga siiyey wax badan oo ay dhaleen. Wiilkiisii Osip ee 1773 guursaday Mary Alekseevne Pushkin, kuwaas oo 2 sano ka dib dhashay gabadh, Hope - Hooyo hanad Ruush Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

A godson ilmo madow ee Peter waxaan ugu fiican ahaa wiilkiisii curadka ahaa, Ivan. Wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye caan Ruush military iyo taliyaha Badda Madow Fleet. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka Ruush-Turkish ee 1768-1774 Ivan amray dagaalka Navarino, oo ka qayb-galay Battle of Chesma. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay ee 1778 Kherson waxaa la aasaasay. Sida aad arki karto, oo durriyadii Abrama Gannibala noqday fiican waana mid istaahila in ixtiraamka dadka.

xirfadiisa Military hoos Elizabeth aan

In 1741 Aabraam Petrovich in dagaal u soo laabtay. Muddadan, wuxuu aaday gabadhii carshiga Petra Velikogo ee Elizabeth Waxaan, kuwaas oo ka fadilay Arap iyo mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka farxiyay. Biography Abrama Gannibala muujinaysaa in in 1742 uu hadiyad ka timid dubaan, Empress Karyakyulu ah taas oo uu ku noolaa, iyo dhowr xaafadaha kale ay heleen. Isla sanadkaas, Hannibal waxaa salaan tiir kasta oo taliyaha sare ee dheregno iyo abaal dalalkan oo qasriga u dhow Pskov, halkaas oo uu markii danbe la aasaasay dubaan, Petrovsky. In hore 40-mada ay qarnigii XVIII on hindisaha Aabraam Petrovich Elizabeth Petrov ka magiciisiina wuxuu u beddelay Hannibal ayaa in ka badan sonorous way qabsadeen oo lagu sharfayo Taliyaha halyeeyga of Qarniyadii hore, kuwaas oo, isaga qudhiisu sida, waa ka soo jeeda Afrika.

In 1752 wuxuu ahaa wareejiyay St. Petersburg ka dheregno Aabraam Hannibal. awoowe Afrika hanad Ruush halkan soo shaqeeyay sida maaraynta qayb injineernimada, iyo ka dib kormeero dhismaha Kronstadt iyo Ladoga channel , oo asaasay dugsiga waayo, reer binu saanacyadii iyo shaqaalaha. Aabraam Petrovich loo dalacsiiyay darajo of General-in-Chief oo ka fariistay ee 66 sano jirka ah.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Ka dib markii casaan ah ee madow Pushkin ee awoowe degeen naagtiisa tuulada Suyda dhow St. Petersburg leh. Waxa uu ahaa nin oday ah oo aad u qani ah, oo leh in ka badan 3 kun oo serfs. In Suyda Hannibal ku qaatay 19 sannadood ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa. Si aad isaga soo booqdo ka badan hal jeer booqday Alexander Suvorov, kuwaas oo la aabbihiis, Aabraam Petrovich ahayd saaxiib muddo dheer. Sida laga soo xigtay warar xan ah, waxay ahayd kii uu saaxiib la aaminsiiyey inuu wiilkiisii in arrimaha ciidamada baro.

Winter 1781 at da'da 64 sano dhintay Christina Sjöberg. Hannibal ka badbaaday iyada by 2 bilood, oo ay dhinteen April 20, 1781. Waxa uu ahaa 85 sano jir. Aabraam Petrovich waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha tuulada in Suyda ah. Nasiib darro, xabaashiisuna ilaa maantadan la joogo oo aan la sii raagayaan. Haddaba guriga, halkaas oo uu ku qaatay sano ee ugu danbeysay, Hannibal, waa uu estate xusuus.

jahawareerka ka jira sawirka ee Pushkin ee awoowe

Lama oga in ay contemporaries our ekaa Aabraam Hannibal. Photo uu sawirka ku labisan, oo ay matalayaan ee buugaagta iyo internetka, cilmi dambeyntii aqoonsaday. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version, ka muujinayaa on nin shiraac jir ah run ahaantii waa awoowe labaad ee Pushkin Aabraam Hannibal, oo dhinaca kale ah - waqtiga guud-in-madax ka ah Catherine II Ivan Møller Zakomelsky. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin sida sawirka ka extant nin madow-ku labisan dareeska a military, biographers inta badan Pushkin waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah images dhowr badbaaday Aabraam Petrovich.

xusuustiisu Hannibal suugaanta iyo shaneemo

Aabraam Hannibal, Pushkin ma aanan helin. The Abwaan Ruush halyeeyga ku dhashay 18 sano ka dib dhimashadii uu awoowe Afrika. Alexander had iyo jeer uu xiiseynayo in Biography Aabraam Petrovich oo uu naftiisa ku tilmaamay in uu shaqo taariikhiga taalo "Arap Petra The Great ah." Sanadkii 1976, agaasimaha Soviet Alexander Mitta ku salaysan sheeko Pushkin ayaa laga saaray film feature ee "The SHEEKADII Sidee Tsar Peter Moor guursaday". doorka Hannibal in filimka ciyaaray Vladimir Vysotsky.