Makhnovshchina - waa anarchism ama dhac?

Makhnovshchina - dhaqdhaqaaq socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee ka, fikirka ah kuwaas oo lahaa muuqaalada anarchism. Magaca waxa ay ka imanaysaa magaca hogaamiyaha xigano ah - Nestor Makhno. In taariikhda Dagaalkii Sokeeye, tiradaasi oo ah Nestor Makhno degan meel gaar ah, taas geesi-awaalka, iyo suugaanta rasmiga maratay waa tirada taban ee cadowga, dalxiisto siyaasadda, burcad hubeysan ah. habab ma u istaagaan dhaleeceyn, la'aan qoto dheer oo ku filan, documentary doodda halis ah. Waxay ku abuureen image a qaldan yahay hal qof oo keliya ma aha, laakiin ifafaale oo dhan nolosha bulshada, sida Makhnovshchina ka socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee.

Marka dhaqdhaqaaqa uu ku dhashay Nestor Makhno?

asal ahaan waxaa la oran karo in 1918. Makhnovshchina socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee uu lahaa sawirka bulsho gaar ah. Ciidamada ayaa hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Makhno tegey yaroow Katerinoslavshchina koonfureed, kuwaas oo si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay samaynta xoogga Soviet in Ukraine ee qeybtii hore ee 1919. Goortaas waxay ahayd abbaaraha muddo this hawlaha iyo tilmaaman qoraalkan. Markaas Makhnovists jidka iyo Ciidanka Cas bilaabay inuu dheeraad ah oo dheeraad ah fido. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, mucaaradka ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray kulankii of Denikin, Wrangel iyo markaas.

Nestor Makhno - qabanqaabiyaha a talented

In halganka ka dhanka colka Revolution, Nestor Makhno isu muujiyey qabanqaabiyaha a tayo iyo Taliyaha dhuumaalaysiga ah ee asalka ah. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, at daqiiqado gaar ah la midoobin tobanaan kun oo yaroow.

Xudunta u yihiin faraqa u dhexeeya Makhnovists iyo maamulka Soviet jiifay siyaasadda isku duba riday diidmada "shuuciyad dagaal", iyo sidoo kale aragtiyood oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah Bolsheviks iyo xigano ku saabsan doorka dawladda ee ku sugan dhismaha hantiwadaagga. Ka dib markii hordhaca ah ee siyaasadda dhaqaalaha cusub ee inta badan ee yaroow tagay ciidamada Makhno. Makhnovshchina - dhaqdhaqaaq in bilaabay in ay helaan qof ee gangsterism siyaasadeed. Sida iska cad, xaqiiqda oo wuxuu ka dhigay Makhno, kuwaas oo ahaa in foori joogta ah Army Cas, si ay u joojiyaan dagaalada oo sii socda iyo in August 1921, in ay ka gudbaan xuduudda la leh Romania.

Saamaynta on Nestor Mahno dhaqdhaqaaqa anarchistic

Gaadhay hawada aragtidiisa waxaa laga heli karaa Makhnovshchina ah. dhaqdhaqaaqa Tani waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah "maaxdey" ee Nestor Makhno. Xarakada inta badan wax kale ma aha sida loo yaqaan "aabbihiis."

Horyaalka mucaaradka waxa uu ku hanweyn yahay oo inta badan heshiiska dokumentiyada dadweynaha.

By dhamaadka 1918 Nestor Makhno u suurtagashay in ay u midoobaan ka yar amarkiisa intooda badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ee ka hawlgala gobolka. Dhamaadkii 1918, Nestor Makhno, wada jir ah ula ciidankii Soviet sameeyay qaliin ku dhiirato in ay qabsadaan Ekaterinoslav, laakiin guusha ahaa muddo kooban ah. Magaalada lahaa si ay ula khasaare weyn noqotay.

Nestor Makhno iyo dowladda Soviet

Bishii Febraayo 1919, heshiis ku saabsan galo ciidamada uu la saxiixay by shaqaalaha Nestora Mahno ee Division cas Zadneprovski sida Brigade 3aad Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - dhaqdhaqaaq in kala duwanaayeen geesinimada in dagaallada ka dhanka ah ciidamada Entente iyo caddaan guga ee 1919. Waxay la soo qabtay Mariupol. Laakiin ee u dhexeeya Mucaaradka iyo Bolsheviks waxaa ka joogay kala duwan af arrimaha fikirka. Makhno ma aqoonsan karin mabda'a talisnimada ah proletariat iyo "shuuciyad dagaal", gaar ahaan dheeraadka ah iyo bulsheed ee beeraha. burinaya waxay ku noqon daran xoog gaar ah guga ee 1919, waxay keentay in eedeymaha labada dhinac oo noqday block a turunturoodo ee xiriirka ka dib markii Trotsky bilaabay halganka ka gees ah "dhexdhexaad" horteeda Ukraine.

Doorka dhaqdhaqaaqa qaswadayaasha ah ee guuldarada of A.Denikin ciidanka

Bishii Agoosto 1919, Nestor Makhno dhawaaqay abuurista ciidan kacaan mucaaradka ee Ukraine. dadaalka Her ayaa diiradda ugu horrayn on dagaalka ka dhanka ah Denikin, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas qabsaday inta badan Ukraine ah, oo u horseeday weerar guul ku Moscow. In September Makhno galay isbahaysi muddo gaaban ah la Republic Army Yukreeniyaan Dadka on tallaabo wadajir ah ka gees ah Denikin. In dagaalka Peregonovka dhow Uman Makhnovists qarxay armaajo sarkaalka ugu wacanaa cad, ka dibna soo dhacdeen degdeg ah ee gadaalka dambe ee cad ee xagga koonfureed oo reer Ukraine, markaas dayrta ee 1919 ku dhowaad si buuxda iyaga kala daadsan. Makhno inta lagu jiro waqtigan magaalada Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, BADAN, Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol qabsaday. Tani dhab ahaantii muhiim ah ayaa lagu qasbay in unugyada iyo awr fiican General A. Denikin ayaa laga saaray hore Bolshevik iyo iyaga tuur gees ah dadka caasiya. Tani, markeeda, oggol yahay cas joojin ka hor ee Anton Denikin, iyo tuulmay ee ay raalli. Laakiin markan isbahaysiga buuxa fuliya oo la cas Makhno ku guuldareystay.

Marka khatar Denikin ayaa ka adkaaday, Army Red ka January 1920 keentay dagaalka in la burburiyo Makhnovist ah. In xagaagii 1920 ka dhigay 3 weerar ee la soo dhaafay ku saabsan Ukraine bidix Bank, guud ahaan, jebinta 1400 miles. In dayrta ee 1920 talooyin isticmaali Makhno in dagaalka la ciidankii reer General Wrangel. Makhnovist iyo awr lagu weeraray galay gadaalka dambe ee caddaan ah, ka qayb isgoyska difaaca Sivash iyo Perekop jabka iyo Yushuni. Isla markii qabashada cas Crimean ah in sirta adag bilaabay howlgal cusub oo ah inuu wax baabbi'iyo mucaaradka.

Makhnovshchina, sannad abuurta taasoo la odhan karaa in 1918, ayaa saamayn la taaban karo oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinkii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee dalka reer Ukraine.