Yaroow State ee Russia

yaroow State - taasi waa fasal gaar ah oo soo baxday in Russia ee qarnigii 18aad. Waxaa ku soo biiray saddex qaybood oo ka mid ah oo lacag la'aan ah dadka ka mid ah tuulada. First ahaayeen beeralayda chernososhnye. Waxay deganaa ee Xaqa ah "dalalkan oo madow ah oo madax ka." Qeybta labaad waxay ahayd yaroow "dhaqaale". Dadkaan la degganaa dhulka keniisad ah. category saddexaad waa ijaarka ah. Waxay la tixgeliyo oo durriyadii u adeegaya dadka ku nool qarnigii 16-kii soohdinta koonfureed ee Muscovite Russia, taas oo xaafadda sharaf leh ee transformations ee Peter aan qortey. In a tirada gobollada (in Voronezh, Kursk, Orel, Tambov) ijaarka xarooda ay inta badan oo ka mid ah degaanka dadweynaha.

yaroow State sida fasal in bilowgii boqornimadii Nicholas lagu tiriyaa ku saabsan toddoba iyo toban milyan oo qof. Tan iyo waagii Russia Moscow ka soo class this hadhay xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale dowladda. yaroow State ciqaabta jirka ayaa la kulantay.

Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu, fasalka this ahaa inta ka baxsan Great. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taasi run ma aha. Xataa in qayb ka mid ah bartamaha dalka iska lahaa isku duba riday gobolka dadka badan ee gobollada galbeedka. At waqtiga la daabacay oo ka mid ah xeerarka kale ee 1830, waxay ahayd ugu weyn ama mass oo dhan ee dadka ku jira lix iyo soddon gobol oo qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee gobolka iyo in Siberia. Waxay ahayd fasalka ugu badan ee bulshada Ruush waqtiga.

yaroow State ayaa xaq u leeyihiin inay si xor ah oo ka mid ah kaniisadda in kale, mid ka mid gobolka in kale, ka gobolka in ay gobolka. Xaaladdan oo kale, dib u dejinta oo ka mid ah dhulka si kale waxaa inta badan lagu dhiiri by dowladda. yaroow State ahaayeen qalma (sida bulshooyinka oo dhan, iyo sidoo kale si gaar ah) si ay u galaan heshiisyada iyo heshiis la shakhsiyaadka. Waxay sidoo kale helaan yaabaa hantida (dhaqaajin karo ama aan dhaqaaqayn), si uu u siiyo rahmad. Ka dib markii la daabaco ee 1801, December 12, amar gaar ah, Gobolka waa in la xoojiyo si yaroow (sida bourgeoisie ee yar yar iyo baayacmushtariga) afku lahaanshaha gaar ahaaneed ee dalka.

Inkasta oo gobta ah ayaa la addoonsado adeeg ciidan ka dibna waxaa ka fadilnaa xoriyada xad-dhaaf ah, waxaa la sameeyay "estate saddexaad". Uu dhergiyey wakiillada gobolka ee isku duba riday, oo ay la socdaan soo saarka iyo baayacmushtariyadii. fasalka ugu badan ee gobolka ayaa sidoo kale xaq u leeyahay inuu ku biiro heer ganacsiga, Guild, warshadaha furan, farsamada gacanta iyo goobaha warshadaha, shirkadaha ganacsiga iyo iyaga ku hay.

Waa in la ogaadaa in waqtiga goysiga carshiga reer binu Nicholas, yaroow gobolka ee dhibaatada. In mas'uul ka this fasalka oo ka mid ah dadka waaxda ee Wasaaradda Maaliyadda. Waa in aynu ka fikirno in jirka this ayaa isku dayay in "tuuji" ee yaroow gobolka intii macquul ah, isku dayayaan si aad u hesho kuwa cashuurta aan ka kireeya ka qaadi kari lahaa. Maamulka Nin sharaf leh ayaa ku yimiday oo loo waajibaadka dabiiciga ah dadka reer miyiga ah, iyo ugu daran. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, waxaa ka faa'iideystey ma aha oo kaliya dadka dhulka leh, laakiin sidoo kale ilaa xad ah oo fududeeyey nolosha serfdom. Si kastaba ha ahaatee sharaf leh maamulka inta badan qarinaayay loo aabo yeelin dalka milkiilayaasha, kuwaas oo doonay inay faa'iido sabab u tahay wax caadi ah dalalkan. Joogto sii xumaanaya xaaladda dhaqaale ee gobolka isku duba riday. Xaaladdan oo kale, dowladda loo qoondeeyey tiro la taaban karo ee ay dayactir sanadihii caatada ah.

Tan iyo bilowgii boqornimadii booska Nicholas gobolka duba bilaabay si ay u qeexaan sharciga guud ee rayidka ah iyo falalka aan maamul. Tani waxa ay ahayd natiijada Speransky shaqo ballaaran si loo dardar shuruucda dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, amar badan oo nooc ka mid ah dadweynaha ugu horeysay u muuqday.