Macnaha maldahan ee eray, ama nolosha labaad

Mid ka mid ah qaababka caanka ah ee afka Ruush tahay awooddiisa ah inuu u isticmaalaan erayada macne tusaale ah. Transfer - keentay in si toos ah madmadowga. Words luqad noqon kartaa qiyaasi karin iyo multi-qiimeeyo. Polysemy loola jeedaa in awoodda hadal keliya loogu yeero walxaha kala duwan ama ifafaale. The qiyamka erayada maqlana leeyihiin caadi ah yaruna semantic iyo wada hadlaan. Hadallada polysemous leeyihiin muhiimadda hore ama aasaasiga ah iyo tiro ka mid ah taagayo sameeyay ka dib.

Aasaasidda qiimaha cusub waa suurto by ifafaale kala iibsiga. Shaqaalaha aasaasay waxyaabaha nooca 2aad ee gaadiidka. Asal - wareejinta adjacency ama metonymy. Metonymy ee alaabta kala iibsiga sifo, bedelka oo dhan, ama qeybsanaan ku xigeenka. Tixgeli tusaalooyin ah.

Nooca labaad - kala iibsiga ee la mid ah, ama tusaale ah. Labada shay ama arrin loo qoondeeyey calaamad caadi ah. In feature tani waxay noqon kartaa midabka, size, qaab, aragtida aadanaha, shaqeynayaan. Waxaan wakiil macnaha tooska ah iyo tusaale ah ee erayga. Tusaale ahaan is barbar dhig lagu siiyo ee shaxda hoose.

In wada hadal , dadka inta badan loo isticmaalaa macnaha maldahan erayada si kor loogu qaado muujin shacuurta ah, dhalaalka isgaarsiinta. Waxay isticmaali kartaa magacyada xayawaanka, dawaco - daabacna ha lagu sameeyo, iyo wan weyn - maroodi ah oo madax - sirgaxan, bal qudhaanjada - kar ah, gorgor - kuwa kibirsan. Kiisaska marka macnaha maldahan muddo, badiyay sawirka iyo u yimaadeen inay la arkaa toos ah. macnaha maldahan ee erayga ayaa laga badiyay jumlado sida: saftay likaha, ciddiyaha-madaxa, sanka ee doonnida, lugta kursi. In qaamuusyo casriga ah ee qiimaha loo qoondeeyey erayada iyo ku qoran yihiin sida qiimaha functional si toos ah.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in muuqaalka kore ee socdaalka door badbaadinayo factor - dabeecadda aadanaha, si loo yareeyo noloshaada, iyo qaadashada saldhig erayga hore u jiray, wuxuu filanayay ee adduunka ku wareegsan ifafaale cusub, oo tilmaamaya laga yaabaa erayga. Waxaa laga yaabaa in this ifafaale eeda malaha aadanaha. Marka laga soo caano gabal wareegsan oo farmaajo idaad helay, cadaalad xirma oo u sheegay in ay qaab aad uula mid tahay madaxa.

macnaha maldahan ee erayga aan gaar u tahay luuqada Ruushka. Tani waxay ifafaale Waa caadi inaad luqado badan oo Yurub ah. In English, tusaale ahaan, habkaani afka waa caqabad dhab ah ardayda laga bilaabo si ay u bartaan. Inta badan, si ay u fahmaan macnaha erayga ayaa suuragal ah keliya by macnaha, sida erayga noqon kara qaybaha kala duwan sida hadalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala iibsiga ee wax Hodmiya afka, ka dhigaysa in ay khayaali ah, noole oo hadda nasoo.