Dhicin dagaalkii ee Afghanistan, 1979-1989 ah

Colaadda military ee Afghanistan, taas oo bilaabay in ka badan soddon sano ka hor, iyo maanta weli saldhig u ah ammaanka caalamka. awoodda is jiidjiidka ku raad himilooyinkooda, ma aha oo kaliya halaagnay gobolka hore deggan, laakiin sidoo kale qaddar kun oo kuwa laxaadka la.

Afghanistan dagaalka ka hor

goobjoogayaasha badan ayaa, ku tilmaamay dagaalka Afghanistan, isagoo sheegay in ka hor khilaafka waxa uu ahaa gobolka aad dib ugu, laakiin xaqiiqada qaar ka Aamustaanba. Ka hor inta colaadda Afghanistan meelaha ugu hadhay dalka dhulgoosadka, laakiin magaalooyinka waaweyn sida Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, iyo kuwo kale oo badan, ayaa kaabayaasha fiican oo heer sare, waxa uu ahaa ka buuxaan xarumaha dhaqan iyo bulsho-dhaqaale.

Dawladdu waxay hormariyey iyo horumar. Waxaa jiray daryeel caafimaad oo lacag la'aan ah iyo waxbarashada. dalka soo saarta maaliyada wanaagsan. Radio iyo TV-baahin barnaamijyada shisheeye. Dadka la kulmay ee shineemo iyo maktabad. Qof dumar ah oo isaga qudhiisu ka heli karto nolosha dadweynaha, ama in la wado ganacsi.

Fashion yaalaaan, dukaamada, dukaamada, makhaayadaha iyo waxyaabo badan oo dhaqanka ka jira meelaha magaalooyinka ah. dhicin dagaalkii ee Afghanistan, taas oo taariikhda in isha lagu daweeyaa si ka duwan, joojiyo in ay barwaaqo iyo xasilooni. Wadankaas ayaa waxa uu ku soo dumaya noqday xarun fowdo iyo burbur. Maanta, xoogga dalka qaaday kooxaha xagjirka Islaamiga ah kuwaas oo ka faa'iidaysan dayactirka ah ee qalalaasaha oo dhan.

Sababaha dhicin dagaalkii ee Afghanistan

Si loo fahmo ujeeddooyinka dhabta ah ee dhibaatada Afganistan, hadana waxa xusuus mudan taariikhda. In July 1973, waxa uu ahaa markii la afgembiyey boqortooyada. Gambiyay qaadeen ina adeerkiis of King Muhhamed Daud. General ku dhawaaqay markii la afgembiyey Boqortooyada iyo Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Afghanistan qudhiisu magacaabay. kacaankii ka dhacay iyadoo ay kaalmo ka mid ah xisbiga Shacabka ee Democratic. dibuhabaynta sarrifka lagu dhawaaqay gudbikaraa oo dhaqaalaha iyo arrimaha bulshada.

Sida xaqiiqda ah, Madaxweynaha Daoud ma fuliyaan dib u habaynta, laakiin kaliya in la burburiyo cadaawayaashooda, oo ay ku jiraan madaxda PDPA ah. Dabcan, wareegyada shuuciga carada iyo PDPA ayaa koray, waxay si joogto ah u sakhiray in ay cadaadis iyo ku xadgudub jidheed.

Bulshada, dhaqaalaha, xasilooni siyaasadeed ee dalka ayaa noqotay sababta keentay Dagaalkii Sokeeye, iyo faragelin dibadda ah oo ka mid ah USSR iyo Maraykanka siiyey kor u qaada tan iyo dhiig badan oo weyn.

Saur kacaanka

Xaaladdu waa mid joogto ah waqti, iyo mar horeba 27 April 1987 April ka dhacay (Saur) kacaanka, abaabulay ciidan ee dalka, ka PDPA iyo Communists ah. Yimid si ay awood madaxda cusub - N. M. Taraki, Amin, Babrak Karmal. Waxay isla markiiba ku dhawaaqday dib u habaynta dhulgoosadka iyo dimuqraadi ah. Waxay bilaabeen inay ka jiraan Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Afghanistan. Isla markii rayrayn ugu horeysay oo guul isbahaysiga midaysan caddaatay in uu jiro khilaaf u dhexeeya madaxda. Amin ma uusan helin oo ay la socdaan Karmal iyo Taraki indhaha ka indha la '.

guul USSR kacaanka dimuqraadiyadda ahayd la yaab leh oo dhab ah. Kremlin sugayay, waxa soo socda dhici doona, laakiin Guud badan oo miyir iyo yaacay ee Soofiyeedku waa ogaa in aan fog iyo bilowgii dagaalka ee Afghanistan.

Xubno ka mid ah isku dhaca ciidamada

muddo bil ah gudaheed ka dib markii la afgembiyey lagu hoobtay ee dowladda xoogagga siyaasadda cusub Daud waxaa ka socdeen dagaalo. Koox "Khalq" iyo "Parcham" sida ay fikirka waa inaan laga helin caadi u dhaxeeya. Bishii August 1978, waxaa jira saarista dhamaystiran oo "Parcham" xoogga. Karmal wada jir ah ula safarka sida maskax dibadda.

dib u dhac kale oo dawladda cusub - mucaaradka haysta habaynta jejebiyey. Ciidamada Islaamiyiinta ka mideysan yihiin xisbiga iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Bishii June, in gobollada ee Badakhshan, Bamyan, Kunar, Paktia iyo Nangarhar bilaabi falalka hubaysan ka dhanka ah dowladda kacaan. Inkastoo taariikhda rasmiga ah ee taariikhyahanadu dagaallada hubaysan wac 1979, hawlgallada mileteri bilaabay ka badan sidii hore. Year of bilowgii dagaalka Afqaanistaan - 1978. Dagaalkii Sokeeye ayaa noqday Hannaan in riixay dalka in faragelinta shisheeye. Mid kasta oo ka megaderzhav eryadeen danaheeda geopolitical u gaar ah.

Islaamiyiinta oo ay qastigoodii

Back ee 70s hore ee Afghanistan aasaasay ururka "dhalinyarada Muslim." The xubnaha bulshada inay ku dhow dahay inay fikrado Islaamka xag Carabta "Ikhwaanul Muslimiin", hababka halganka waayo, xoog ay, ilaa cabsi siyaasadeed. Eegidda ee dhaqanka jihaadka Islamic iyo xakamaynta noocyada kala duwan ee dib u habaynta in ka geesta ah Quraanka - waa qodobada asaasiga ah ee ururradaas.

In 1975, ee "Muslim Youth" joogsan doonaa si uu u jiro. Waxaa la nuugo Asal kale - Xisbiga Islaamiga ah ee Afghanistan (IPA) iyo Jamiat-e ka Islami (IOA). Hogaaminaysa unugyadan G. Hekmatyar iyo Rabbani. Xubno ka tirsan ururka bartay howlgalo military ee deriska la ah Pakistan iyo kafaalo dawladaha ajnabiga ah. Ka dib markii April Revolution mucaaradka bulshada midaysan. Kacdoonkii dalka uu noqday nooc ka mid ah signal tallaabo military.

Taageerada shisheeye in ay xag

Waxaad ma ku waayi kartaa arkaan xaqiiqada ah in bilowgii dagaalka Afqaanistaan, taariikhda, taas oo ilo casriga ah -. Sano The 1979-1989, waxa uu ahaa awoodaha ugu qorsheeyay shisheeye ka qayb NATO iyo qaar ka mid ah dalalka Islaamka. Haddii ka hor inta ugu weyn ee Kooxaha siyaasadda American ayaa beeniyay in wax lug ah ee formation iyo maalgelinta kooxaha xagjirka ah, qarnigii cusub ayaa keenay sheekadan xaqiiqooyinka aad u farxad leh. Saraakiisha hore ee CIA ayaa ka tagay badan oo qorkiisa, oo qaawan siyaasadaha ay Dowladda u gaar ah.

Xitaa ka hor duulaankii Soviet of Afghanistan, CIA-maal Mujaahidiinta, degeen for saldhig ay tababarka ee deriska Pakistan oo gacmaha Islaamiyiinta bixisey. In 1985, Madaxweyne shakhsi Reagan wafdi Mujahideen in Aqalka Cad. Waxtarka ugu muhiimsan ee Maraykanka in colaadda Afghanistan bilaabay nin qoranayaan in dunida Carabta.

Maanta, waxaa jira warar sheegaya in dagaalka Afqaanistaan ayaa la qorsheeyey by CIA sida dabin for Midowga Soofiyeeti. Caught waxa ku jira, Midowga arki lahayd tixraacayo siyaasadaha, khayraadka ay godka iyo "burburkii". Sida aad arki karto, waxa dhacay. In 1979, dhicin dagaalkii ee Afghanistan, halkii, gelinaya socda kooban oo Army Soofiyeeti, waxa ay noqotay lama huraan.

The USSR iyo taageerada PDPA ah

Waxaa jira fikrado in kacaanka April ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa waxaa diyaarinaya dhowr sano. Waxaan garaysan howlgalkan shakhsi Andropov. Taraki ahaa wakiilka Kremlin. Isla markii afgambi ka bilaabay gargaar saaxiibtinimo siweyn looga of Soofiyeedku ee Afghanistan. Ilaha kale utverzhadyut in Saur Revolution ahaa la yaab dhamaystiran Soofiyeedku ah, in kastoo wacan.

Ka dib markii kacaanka guul in Afghanistan dowladda Soviet waxay bilaabeen inay si dhow ula socdaan horumarka dalka. Hoggaanka cusub ee wejiga of Taraki si ay u muujiyaan daacad u saaxiibo Midowga Soofiyeeti. sirdoonka KGB joogto ah ku wargeliyay "Hogaamiyaha" of xasillooni ee gobolka deriska ah, laakiin waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay sugaan. dhicin dagaalkii ee Afghanistan, USSR si ammaan ah lagu qabtay, Kremlin ahaa ka war maal Maraykanka mucaaradka, siin aagga ma doonayaan in ay, laakiin mar dhibaatada Soviet-American ahaa Kremlin in ay wax. Oo weliba taagan Midowga Soofiyeeti Eebase ma aha, ka dib oo dhan, Afghanistan - a dalka-deriskiisa.

Bishii September 1979, Amin dilay Taraki oo naftiisa ku wacdiyey Madaxweynaha. ilaha qaar ayaa sheegaya in muran kama dambaysta ah soo horjeeda oo shurako hore ay sabab u ahayd Madaxweynaha Taraki waxa uu doonayaa inuu si aad u weydiiso Midowga Soofiyeeti ee laga galo ciidamada military. Amin iyo taageerayaashiisa ku jiray ka dhanka ah.

Duulaankii Soviet

Ilo Soviet sheegan in Dowladda Afghanistan, uu soo diray ku saabsan 20 codsiyada codsi ah in ay ciidamo u diraan. Xaqiiqada odhan horjeeda - Madaxweynaha Amin ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeeda in ay soo galaan ciidamada Ruush. Resident ee Kabul u soo diray xog US on isku dayayaa inaan ka dhaansado Midowga Soofiyeeti galay khilaaf gobolka. Xataa markaas, hoggaanka Soviet ogaa in Taraki iyo PDPA - degan Mareykanka. Amin ahaa nationalist kaliya ee shirkadda this, weli Taraki, iyagu ma ay wadaagaan $ 40 million ay bixiyaan CIA ee afgambi April, waxa ay ahayd sababta ugu wayn ee uu dhintay.

Andropov iyo Gromyko ma aysan dooneynin inay maqlaan wax. Horraantii December ee Kabul, duulay KGB guud Paputin hawsha inay ka dhaadhiciso Amin dhiiri ciidamada USSR. Madaxweynaha cusub ayaa joogay qirtay. Markaas on December 22 dhacdada ka dhacay Kabul. Hubaysan "waddaniyiinta" dumiyeen gurigii, halkaas oo dadka reer USSR ah, oo ka gooyay madaxdii reer darsin dhowr qof oo ku noolaa galay. oo wuxuu ku riday on warmo, oo hubaysan "Islaamka" ayaa iyaga ku dhex socda waddooyinka waaweyn ee Kabul. Booliska ayaa yimid goobta iyo rasaas ku fureen, laakiin dambiilayaasha baxsaday. December 23, Dowladda Soviet u diray inay Dowladda fariin Afghanistan ee, kuwaas oo caan madaxweynaha, in ciidamada Soviet ugu dhakhsaha badan noqon doonaa in Afghanistan si loo ilaaliyo muwaadiniinta ay. Iyadoo Amin waxaa ka fiirsaneysa sida loo falaynaa ciidamada "saaxiibo" of duulaankii, waxay ku degay mid ka mid ah garoomada diyaaradaha ee dalka on 24 December. Taariikhda bilaawga ee dagaalka Afqaanistaan - sano ee 1979-1989. - furo mid ka mid ah bogagga ugu naxdin leh ee taariikhda USSR.

Operation "Storm"

Qayb ka mid ah 105 st hawada Division ee ilaalada ka degay 50 kiiloomitir u jirta Kabul, iyo qaybta gaarka ah ee KGB "Delta" hareereeyeen qasriga madaxtooyada on 27 December. Sidaas darteed of qabtay Amin iyo ilaaladiisa uu lagu dilay. beesha caalamka, "gasped," iyo puppeteers oo dhan fikrad this suuxaan gacmihiisa. USSR ayaa la khali. paratroopers Soviet qabtay oo dhan goobaha kaabayaasha ugu weyn ee ku yaal magaalooyinka waaweyn. In ka badan 10 sano in Afghanistan, diriray ka badan 600 oo kun. Askari Soviet. Year of bilowgii dagaalka Afqaanistaan ahaa bilowgii burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Habeenkii, December 27-ka Moscow yimid Babrak Karmal iyo raadiyaha ku dhawaaqay marxaladda labaad ee kacaanka. Sayidka, iyo bilowgii dagaalka ee Afghanistan - 1979.

Dhacdooyinka 1979-1985 sannad xisaabeedka.

Ka dib markii a howlgal guul "Storm", Ciidamada Soviet qabtay oo dhan xarumaha waaweyn ee warshadaha. Ujeedadu waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo nidaam communist ee Kremlin ee deriska la ah Afghanistan, oo ku hardiyi dushmans, kuwaas oo ay gacanta ku baadiyaha.

dagaallo Constant u dhexeeya Islaamka iyo ka dacay ee keentay in dhibanayaasha dhawr ka mid ah dadka rayidka ah, laakiin dhul buuraley ah gebi ahaanba dawakhsan askari. Bishii Abriil 1980, waxaa la qabtay ay hawlgal baaxad weyn oo ugu horreeya ee Panjshir ah. Bishii June ee isla sannadkaas Kremlin ayaa lagu amray in ay ka baxaan qaar ka mid ah taangiyada iyo gantaalo ah qaybo ka mid ah Afgaanistaan. Bishii Agoosto ee isla sannadkaas ahayd halgan ee waadi Mashhadskom. Ciidamada SA ahaayeen lagu weerarey, lagu dilay 48 askari iyo 49 - way ku dhaawacmeen. In 1982, isku day shanaad by Ciidamada Soviet u suurtagashay in ay qaataan Panjshir.

Intii lagu guda jiray shantii sano ee ugu horreeya ee xaaladda dagaalka ayaa sameeyay in hirarka. SA qabtay sare, ka dibna gelin weerar gaadmo ah ku dhacday. Islaamiyiinta hawlgallada buuxda looma oofiyo, waxay weerari columns cuntada iyo ciidamada qaybo. CA isku dayeen in ay ka soo magaalooyinka waaweyn iyaga ka riixdo.

Muddadan waxaa jiray kulamo dhowr ah la yeeshay Madaxweynaha Pakistan Andropov iyo Maraykanka. Wakiilka of USSR ayaa sheegay in Kremlin ahaa diyaar u ah xal siyaasadeed oo ku saabsan khilaafka soo Maraykanka iyo Pakistan damaanad la joojiyo oo maal mucaaradka.

1985-1989 GG.

In 1985, Xoghayaha koowaad ee Mikhail Gorbachev USSR ku noqday. Wuxuu doonayay inuu wax dhisid, doonayay in la casriyeeyo qaabka, soo siyaasadda ee "perestroika". dhibaatada dabadheeraatay ee Afghanistan ayaa joogsaday socodka ah ee caadi ah ee xiriirka la leh Maraykanka iyo Europe. howlgallada military Active aan la fuliyaa, laakiin weli dhulka Afghanistan ayaa si joogto ah u dilay askari Soviet. In 1986, Gorbachev ku dhawaaqay siyaasad bixitaanka hay'daha ciidamada Afghanistan. Isla sanadkaas, B. Karmal lagu badalay M. Najibullah. In 1986 wuxuu ku soo gunaanaday in dagaalkii ay hoggaanka SA dadka Afghan badiyay sida in ay qaataan haysashada dhulka oo dhan CA ee kari waayay Afghanistan yimid. January 23-26 Ciidamada Soviet qabtay hawlgalka ee la soo dhaafay "duufaanka" ee Afghanistan ee gobolka Kunduz. February 15, 1989 ka noqday oo dhan ciidamada ee Army Soofiyeeti.

falcelinta awoodaha dunida

Dhammaan beesha caalamka ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay warbaahinta ee qabashada xarunta madaxtooyada ee Afghanistan iyo dilka Amin ee gobolka a of shock. Midowga Soofiyeeti isla markiiba bilaabay in loo arko dal total iyo xumaanta gardarooday. iyo bilowgii dagaalka ee Afghanistan (1979-1989 GG.) Waayo, awoodaha European ahaa signalka for bilowgii go'doomin ee Kremlin. Madaxweynaha Faransiiska oo Chancellor Jarmalka shakhsi ahaan la kulmay Brezhnev iyo isku dayeen in ay ka dhaadhiciyaan in ay ka baxaan ciidamada, Leonid Ilyich ahaa qirtay.

Bishii Abriil 1980, dawladda Maraykanka ayaa oggolaaday gargaarka in ciidamada mucaaradka ee Afghanistan in qadarka $ 15 million.

United States iyo wadamada Yurub ayaa beesha caalamka ugu baaqay in ay iska indha Olympics-80 ah, lagu qabtay Moscow, laakiin ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka dalalka Aasiya iyo Afrika, dhacdada sports, welina waa uu qabtay.

"Carter Madhabta" ayaa ka kooban inta lagu jiro xilliga this xiriirka cidhiidhi ah. wadamada saddexaad ee adduunka ayaa cambaareeyay tallaabada cod aqlabiyad ah USSR ah. February 15, 1989 dowladda Soviet, hoos heshiis la dalka United Nations baxeen ciidamada ka Afghanistan.

Natiijada colaadda

The bilowgii iyo dhammaadka ee dagaalka Afqaanistaan waa shuruud, maxaa yeelay, Afghanistan - waa rugta weligeed ah, ayuu yiri uu dalka ka mid ah ay boqorka ee la soo dhaafay. In 1989, ciidamada kooban oo ciidamada Soviet "habsami leh" gudbeen xadka Afghanistan - sida la sheegay in maamulka sare. Dhab ahaantii, in Afgaanistaan ahaayeen kun oo maxaabiis ah ciidankii dagaalka CA shirkadda illoobi iyo ilaalada xuduudda, si ay u daboosho gurasho ee Army aad u 40aad.

Afghanistan ka dib markii muddo tobaneeyo sano ah ee dagaalka ayaa la geliyey jahawareer buuxda. Kun oo qaxooti ah oo ka baxsan cararay dalka si ay uga baxsadaan dagaalka.

Xitaa maanta waxa wali aan la aqoon tirada dhabta ah ee Afghanistan dhintay. Cilmi-ka hadlay sida tiradaasi ka mid ah 2.5 milyan oo kuwii dhintay iyo kuwii ku dhaawacmay, inta - qof oo rayid ah.

SA toban sano oo dagaal, ayaa ku waayay qiyaastii 26 kun oo askari. Dagaalka Afqaanistaan, USSR lunsan, inkastoo taariikhyahanadu qaar ka mid ah haddii kale sheegan.

The kharashka dhaqaale ee USSR ah oo xidhiidh la leh dagaalka Afghanistan ahaayeen musiibo. Si ay u taageeraan xukuumadda Kabul ee sannad kasta loo qoondeeyey $ 800 million, oo ay ciidanka - $ 3 billion.

Bilowgii dagaalka Afqaanistaan Noqotay Cidhibtii Midowga Soofiyeeti, mid ka mid ah awoodaha dunida ee waaweyn.