Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich: Biography, qoyska

The mustaqbalka kacaan Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich waxa uu ku dhashay on November 22, 1893 tuulada yar ee Cabana, in gobolka Kiev. Warbixin ku saabsan aabbihiis isku qasan. In xilligii Soviet, waxaa aad loogu nuuxnuuxsaday in Kaganovich ka qoys sabool ah u yimid. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biographers casri ah la soco horimanaya version this maragga dadka ilmaha Laasaros ogaa. Sidaas daraaddeed, qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah u yeedhay Muuse Kaganovich Prasol - xoolo iibsadaha-up la dakhliga badan.

sanadaha hore

Ku alla kii aabbihiis, aan wiilka raacay raadkii. Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich sidii ilmo oo waxay bilaabeen inay ka adkaadaan xirfadaha ee kabatole ah. Iyadoo 14 sano oo uu ka shaqeeyay in warshado kabaha. Kaganovich jiray nin Yuhuud ah, oo aan saamayn ku yeelan kara mowqifkeeda ku Empire Ruush ah. Inta badan dadka Yuhuudda ah ayaa lagu qasbay inay ku dhiiradaan oo midabka ah ee Dejinta iyo joojinta kala duwan. Taas darteed, dad badan oo Yuhuud galay kacaanka.

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich dareenkan waa laga reebo lahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisbiga ahaa doorashada aan caadi ahayn, waayo nin Yuhuudi ah. Inkasta oo dadka Yuhuudda tirade in ay ku biiraan soo xigano, Mensheviks, kacaan Bulshada iyo Bundists. Laasarosna raacay raadkii walaalkiis ka weyn, Michael, iyo in 1911 uu ku biiray Bolsheviks ah.

dhallinyarada Bolshevik

Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa nolosha noqday tusaale classic jawi kacaan. Waxa uu si joogto ah la xiray muddo gaaban, iyo Bolshevik si joogto ah la beddelo Meesha ay dagan: .., Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, Melitopol, iwm oo dhan oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich abuuray wareegyada xisbiga iyo ururada of shoemakers iyo tanners. Habeeynimadii of kacaankii uu deganaa ee Yuzovka. Shaqeynta iyo olole wershad kabaha maxaliga ah, Kaganovich kulmay dhallinyaro Nikitoy Hruschevym. In mustaqbalka, ayay ku dhawri jireen xiriiro badan sannadihii mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee xisbiga.

Ka dib markii Revolution October ee Kaganovich u safray Petrograd, halkaas oo uu doortay si ay Golaha Degaannada by liiska Bolsheviks ah. In mustaqbalka, ayuu abaabulay hawlaha agitational, oo ay ku jiraan in ka Army Red cusub abuuray. Markii dagaalka sokeeye ka qarxay, xubin ka mid ah oo run ah xisbiga bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan hore: in Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh iyo Central Asia.

In Turkestan Kaganovich uu noqday xubin ka mid ah RCP hoose (b) oo waxay galeen Golaha Military Kacaanka ee Front Turkestan ah. mas'uulkaas Xisbiga loo magaacabay gudoomiyaha ururka ee golaha magaalada ee xidshiidha ah. At isla Kaganovich ah waxaa loo doortay in Guddiga Fulinta Dhexe ee RSFSR ah. Yaacaya xubin sallaan nomenklatura yaraa ee xisbiga aan ku sii maqan dareenka of Stalin, wakhtigaas qabtay post ee commissar Dadka ee jinsiyadaha.

Stalin ee Iina

Under Lenin dhallinyarada Kaganovich uu noqday taageeraha ugu weyin ee Stalin, waxaa taageeraya halganka xisbiga gudaha ee. khilaafka u dhexeeya madaxda Bolsheviks isla markiiba ka qarxay dhimashada ah ee uu hoggaamiye lala doodin in 1924 ka dib. Stalin, diyaarinaya iska hor imaad la Trotsky iyo xubnaha kale ee xun isaga kadago, wuxuu bilaabay in uu sare u casaabadiisa isaga u gaar ah. Koba ahaa khayraadka maamul, xoghayaha golaha dhexe ee uu dadka uu ku posts xisbiga muhiim u magacaabi lahaa.

Waxaan helay meeshiisii ee nidaamka iyo Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. mas'uulkaas Qoyska iyo dhalinyarada ayaa si adag u xidh xidheen Ukraine - waxaa waa sida Xoghayaha Guud ee Guddiga Dhexe ee maxaliga ah waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay Stalin. Iyadoo talisnimada ninna weligii lahaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xoogga wadajir ah ma aysan ka soo horjeedin soo jeedinta, iyo xisbiga qaatay ballan muhiim ah.

In Ukraine

Marka in Ukraine, Lazar Kaganovich bilaabay inay ku baaqaan in siyaasad ka dhan ah "Ukrainization" - .. dhiiri geli dhaqanka ee qaranka, dugsi, luqadda, iwm In booskiisa cusub Bolshevik helay badan oo soo horjeeda hardware, oo waxaa ku dhex jiray Guddoomiyaha Jamhuuriga ee Golaha Shacabka ee Commissars Vlas Chubar iyo commissar of Education Alexander Shumsky . In 1928, waxay heshay jidkooda, oo Stalin, Kaganovich yeeray Moscow. Intii uu joogay xafiiska xoghayaha guud ee xisbiga shuuciga (Bolsheviks) ee Ukraine ayaa qaar ka mid ah dib u soo kabashada ka dib Dagaalkii Sokeeye.

Guide collectivization

Ku soo noqoshada caasimadda Kaganovich, Stalin isaga tagay in uu askartii ka mid ah shaqaalaha iyo loo magacaabay xoghayaha Guddiga Moscow ee xisbiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, Lazar ku guuleystay kursi ee kadago ah. Guddiga Dhexe, wuxuu masuul ka ah beeraha noqday. Just ee Warega oo ka mid ah 20 iyo 30 sakan. yaroow adkaystay qixin. Kaganovich garaysan abuurka beeraha wadareed. Tani waa waxa taageere daacad ah Stalin iyo fulinta masuulka ka ah olole gobolka adag tuulada sameeyey.

Waayo, qayb collectivization ee Kaganovich, mid ka mid ah marka hore si aad u hesho cusub ee abuuray Order of Lenin. Stalin, mar kale ku qanciyay uu aaminnimo, sameeyey uu Madaxweyne horfadhiyaan Komishanka, ka dhigay eryiddan weyn ee xisbiga ee 1933-1934. Wakhtigan Kaganovich hadhay ee Moscow "mas'uul" markii hoggaamiyaha tagay fasaxa xagaaga ee Badda Madow ah.

At madaxa Dadka Commissariat of Tareennada

Yimid Plan ugu horeysay shan sano. tartanka dhaqaale ayaa laga helay isticmaalka iyo Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. mas'uulkaas Biography noqon lahaa aan dhamaystirnayn oo aan xusuusannaa oo uu shaqada madaxa Dadka Commissariat of Tareennada. Loo magacaabay in ay booska this ee 1935, uu waayay post in Guddiga Moscow ee xisbiga. permutation qalab soo bandhigay sida midhaha. Laga soo bilaabo barta of view of Stalin, dhaqdhaqaaqa Kaganovich haboon nidaamka u gaar ah, taas oo uu marnaba ku urursan gacmaha uu hakadgeliyay posts aad u tiro badan iyo xoog.

Marka Lazar in Dadka Commissariat of Tareennada ayaa wanaagsanaadey heerarka baabuurta, sidaas muhiim u casriyeynta lagu qasbay. Waxaan dhisay Waddooyinkiisa cusub iyo updated jir (qaarkood u ahaayeen in xaalad ka xumahay ay sabab u tahay cimri dheer iyo dhibaatooyinkii Dagaalkii Sokeeye).

dhismaha Moscow

Waayo, guulaha uu Kaganovich waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Order of Labor Banner. Intaa waxaa dheer, in 1936 - 1955 sano. magiciisiina wuxuu soo xirtay Moscow (Metro ka dib helay magaca Lenin). Waxay ahayd Dadka commissar of Tareennada kormeero dhismaha "dhulka hoostiisa" ee magaalada. Under uu gacanta waa la fuliyay iyo dib u dhiska ah ee Moscow. City helay image cusub ee caasimadda gobolka proletarian. Isla mar ahaantaana kaniisadaha badan oo la Halaagay. Dadka commissar qaraxa uu ahaa mas'uul ka ah macbudka Masiix oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah.

Dabayaaqadii 30 Kaganovich ah ee hada ka madax tamarta iyo waaxyaha dhaqaale (shidaalka culus iyo warshadaha saliid). Commissars Dadka (xukuumadda) noqday guddoomiye ku-xigeenka saaxiibka Bolshevik ku Molotov.

In ka sano ee cadaadinta

In 1937 Stalin bilaabay olole weyn oo cusub oo denbigana ee xisbiga iyo Ciidanka Cas. Kaganovich, sida ay noqon waa, xoog oo dhan taageeray hindisaha sare. Waxa uu u shidan cadaadis ah ma aha oo kaliya in ay u gaar ah Dadka Commissariat of Tareennada, laakiin sidoo kale ku bixiyeen in la raadiyo cayayaanka iyo colka dadka oo dhan heerarka bulshada Soviet.

Kaganovich - associate dhow Stalin, si ay u helaan liiska, kuwaasi oo ay toogteen ansixinta hoggaanka xisbiga. The archives Kremlin daraasiin waraaqaha lagu saxiixay by commissar Dadka. Sida ay taariikhyahanadu tirin kaliya kuwa shot ku taxan 19,000 oo qof. Kale qiyaas Stalin sida ahaayeen Molotov, Voroshilov iyo Yozhov (ka dib shot). Kaganovich keentay denbigana iyo dhulka ku. Si taas loo gaaro, uu u safray in 1937 ee gobollada qaar ka mid ah USSR ah (Vol. H. Yaroslavl, Ivanovo iyo gobolka Kiev ee). mas'uulkaas Party ahaa lug iyo in Katyn xasuuqii caan - dilka saraakiisha Polish qabsaday.

War Great Patriotic

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic, Kaganovich (sida Dadka commissar of Tareennada) mas'uul ka ahaa qaxidda ee ganacsiga ee xagga bari ka jirtay dalka. Kanu waa warka culus ee ugu weyn la saaray ee tareenka, kuwaas oo guud ahaan saxiirtaas ay hawsha. warshadaha Soviet aysan awoodin in ay si deg deg ah ula qabsadaan shaqada ee gadaal iyo bilaabaan oo dhan sahayda loo baahan yahay in hore. In 1942, commissar Dadka waxaa ka mid ah in golaha Military ee Caucasian Waqooyiga Front. Laakiin inta badan waxa uu ka shaqeeyay Moscow iyo xagga koonfureed booqday dadka dhowaan yimid ee. Marka Tuapse, halkaas oo ay barta taliska inta lagu guda jiro qaraxii ka waxaa isaga loo dhaawacay by firirka gacanta. At Kaganovich hore inuu sameeyo shuqulkiisa ee maxkamadaha militariga iyo xeer military eryadeen.

In qeybtii labaad ee dagaalka Stalin bilaabay inuu ka mid ah Guddiga State ee Difaaca oo ka mid ah xubnaha cusub. oo iyaga ku dhex jiray Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Books taariikhyahanadu soo jeedinaynaa in uusan ka ciyaaraan door weyn ee T-biilasha iyo waa tirada inta ku magacaaban iyo farsamo.

luma awoodda

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay ee Stalin, Kaganovich sii waday in ay mashquulin posts top dowladda. Sida "handyman", waxaa lagu riday mas'uul ka ah Wasaaradda Dhismaha Qalabka Warshadaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, Lazar in kadago CP CC ah (b) ee Ukraine ku soo laabtay.

Ka dib dhimashadii Stalin , Kaganovich qaaday halgan xisbiga dulmiga badan. Marka ugu horeysa uu taageeray tirtiridda Beria. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1957 waxaa si wadajir ah ula Molotov iyo Malenkov waxaa ka mid ah "group anti-Party" cusub oo laga saaray posts oo dhan. Waxaa xusid mudan in Kaganovich, Khrushchev laga bilaabo wakhtiga kacaanka iyo barta qaar ka mid ah xitaa ka qayb qaatay in uu sare u qaadis in ay madaxda sare ee nomenklatura ah: Stalin wuxu ogaa.

Hore ee commissar Dadka diray masaafurintii sharafeedka ee Asbestos, halkaas oo uu joogay shaqada ee xisbiga. In 1961, uu ugu dambeyntii laga saaray xisbiga iyo u soo diray inuu Kalinin. Kaganovich da 'qaatay in go'doon - uu tiradaasi marnaba u muuqday on jid toosan siyaasadeed. Inta Manhajkooda ka hor waxaa ay gaari karaan suxufiyiinta diiwaan xasuus ah mid ka mid ah ugu tirsan Soviet waayihii Stalin ee. Hore ee commissar dhintay July 25, 1991 at da'da 97 sano.

qoyska

Like oo dhan qiyaas Stalin, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, kuwaas oo nolosha gaarka ah u dhisnayd adeegga, waxaan soo maray in ka badan hal riwaayadaha qoyska. Walaalkiis ka weyn, Michael, marka hore ku biiray xisbiga Bolshevik ah, waxay ahayd Dadka commissar Duulista Warshadaha ee USSR. In 1940 wuxuu ahaa laga saaray xafiiska iyo soo saartay digniin ah. Michael, oo garanaya in ugu dhakhsaha badan noqon kartaa qof dhibbane ah NKVD ah, is. Laba kale oo walaalo Kaganovich nasiib. Israa'iil shaqeeyay caanaha iyo hilibka warshadaha, iyo Israa'iil inay Dadka Commissariat ee Arrimaha Dibedda, Ganacsiga.

Kaganovich naagtiisii Maria Privorotsky biiray RSDLP ee 1909 .. In xilligii Soviet, ka shaqeeya ururrada shaqaalaha, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey guryaha carruurta oo ahaa ku xigeenka ka mid ah City Council Moscow ee. Marka dhallinyarada Maryan ayaa ku hawlan hawlaha agitational ee xisbiga, ayay ku kulmeen ninkeedii mustaqbalka Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Banii lammaanaha: gabadhiisii Maya (diyaariyey daabaco-qorka aabbihiis), oo la ansixiyay ina, Yuri.