Writer, mucaaradka maxbuus siyaasadeed Soviet Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich: Biography, qoreysa hawlaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich - mid ka mid ah maxaabiista badan oo siyaasadeed ee xilligii Soviet, kuwaas oo ku dhintay halka u adeegaya waqti. kanu sameeyey wax badan in laga takhaluso dalka cadaadis siyaasadeed. Waayo, in uu bixiyo xorriyadda ugu horeysay, ka dibna nolol Anatoliy Tihonovich Marchenko. Biography, abaalmarinta iyo xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh oo ku saabsan qoraaga - waxan oo dhan ayaa laga wada hadli doonaa si faahfaahsan ee maqaalka.

Go'aanku wuxuu ka hore iyo baxsado

Anatoly waxa uu ku dhashay Siberia 1938. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa shaqaalaha tareenka a. Qoraaga mustaqbalka ka fasalka 8aad, ka dib markii taas oo uu ka shaqeeyay in industry saliid, macdanta iyo shidaalka guutadii wax ka qalin. Horraantii 1958, ka dib markii Police-ku mass ka dhacay hostel shaqaalaha, oo uu ku qabtay. Marchenko Anatoly qudhiisu uusan ka qayb qaadan dagaalka ka, laakiin waxa uu lagu xukumay laba sano oo xabsi ah. Sannad ka dib, Anatoliy Tihonovich xabsiga ka baxsaday. Wax yar ka dib uu soo baxsado gumeysi ku yimid warka ah in uu sii daayo, sidoo kale saarista diiwaan dambi. Go'aanka waxaa loo sameeyey by the Presidium ee Soviet Sare ee USSR. In muddo ah ka soo 1959kii si 1960, Anatoly Marchenko ambaday aan waraaqaha ee dalka, isagoo raalli shaqo cajiib ah.

Isku dayga in uu ka tago USSR ah, xadhiga cusub

Marchenko isku dayeen in ay ka baxsadaan Midowga Soofiyeeti ee dayrta ee 1960, si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu xiray xuduuda. Maxkamadda ayaa ku xukuntay ilaa 6 sano oo xabsi ah khiyaamo qaran. Waxaa dhacay March 3, 1961. Marchenko waxaa xabsi ee ku jira xerooyinka siyaasadeed ee Mordovia iyo xabsi Vladimir ah. Ugu dambeyntii, uu ku dhacay xanuunsan, badiyay maqalkiisa.

Aqoon Daniel Yu oo kale

Anatoliy Tihonovich la sii daayay bishii November 1966. Waa la sii daayay hore u hagaajiyey halganka xuquuqda iyaga u gaar ah, koox weyin ee Itobiya hadda iyo fikirka, isaga u adeega. Anatoly Marchenko deganaa ee gobolka Vladimir ee (Alexandrov), shaqeeyeen sidii preload ah. Iyadoo in xerada, oo uu kula kulmay Yuliem Danielem. Qoraaga Tani waxay isaga soo bandhigay in wakiilada waxgaradka mucaaradka ee Moscow.

saaxiibo cusub, kuwaasoo ka mid ahaa Larisa Bogoraz, naagtiisa mustaqbalka, Anatoly Tikhonovich caawiyay dhammayn waxa uu kor uu si - in la abuuro buug on xabsiyada siyaasadeed Soviet iyo xeryaha of 1960. "My maragga" lagu soo gabagabeeyey dayrta ee 1967. Waxay aad caan u noqday in samizdat, oo muddo ka dib ayaa dibadda la daabacay. shaqada waxaa loo tarjumay dhowr luqadood Yurub.

"My maragga," iyo qiimaha

qorkiisa cadayn faahfaahsan oo ah xerada siyaasadeed uunu Ahaysiinay, kaas oo la qaybiyey USSR iyo West ah. Indeed, dad badan oo waqti rumeysan yahay in caro ah, rabshadaha furan iyo cadaadiska siyaasadeed ka dhanka ah, ismana khilaafin ee la soo dhaafay dhimashada Stalin ka dib. Marchenko diyaar u ahayd inay qabtaan, waayo, kitaabkan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, KGB ah kuma uu dhicin si ay u soo saaraan, qoraaga qorsheeyay in dibadda saaro. Xitaa diyaariyey amar ku saabsan laalista dhalashada Marchenko Soofiyeeti. Laakiin qorshahan sabab qaar ka mid ah aan la ogaaday.

hawlaha saxaafadda, taariikhaha cusub

Anatoliy Tihonovich 1968, marka hore waa inuu gacanta isku dayay sidii publicist ah. mawduuca ugu weyn ee dhawr ka mid ah qoraalka oo uu ku sifayn ah "warqado furan" ahaayeen baxsan maxaabiista siyaasadeed. Isla sanadkaas, on July 22, uu u qoray warqad furan in tiro ka mid ah wargeysyada shisheeye iyo Soviet. Waxa uu sheegay in halista ah ee xakamaynta of Spring Prague ee hab military. Dhowr maalmood ka dib Marchenko waxaa la xiray bishii Moscow. Kharashka isaga ka gees ah, waa xad gudub ku ah taliska baasaboorka. Xaqiiqada ah in hore ee maxaabiista looma oggola in ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda gelin sannadahaas. August 21, 1968 Marchenko lagu xukumay hal sano oo xabsi ah. Isna wuxuu u adeegay xukunka ee gobolka Perm ah (Nyrobsky xerada ciqaabta).

Ka hor ay sii daayo kiis cusub la bilaabay ka dhanka ah Anatoly Tikhonovich. Wuxuu ayaa lagu eedeeyay sumcad nidaamka Soviet "been xanta" maxaabiista. Bishii August 1969 Marchenko ayaa lagu xukumay laba sano oo xeryaha.

Ka dib markii la xoreeyo, 1971, Anatoliy Tihonovich deganaa ee gobolka Kaluga (Tarusa), wada jir ah ula L. Bogoras, kaas oo ay markaas uu guursan lahaa. Marchenko hoos kormeer maamulka ahayd.

The cuntojoojin horeysay Marchenko

In 1973, xukuumadda mar doonayay inuu Anatoly diri dibadda. Wuxuu ayaa lagu qasbay in ay qoraan qoraal ah oo ka haajirid, halis muddo lacala failure. khatar Tani waxaa la dilay bishii February 1975. Marchenko Anatoly lagu xukumay afar sano oo la masaafuriyey for xadgudub ku ah xeerarka kormeer maamulka. Isla markii Gaaritaanka go'aankan, cuntojoojin Anatoliy Tihonovich oo waxay qaadday laba bilood ah. Markaas uu musaafuriyay ee gobolka Irkutsk (tuulada Chuna).

Mowduucyada saxaafadda, MHG

Marchenko, xataa marka dibedda, sii hawlaha saxaafadda iyo suugaanta. Waxa uu ku tilmaamay taariikhda kiiska cusub ee la furay isaga ka gees ah, iyo sidoo kale galbinayay hab naxariis darra ah in buugga uu cinwaankiisa yahay "From Tarusa in Chuny", kaas oo la daabacay ee New York ee 1976.

theme kale oo soo noqnoqda abuuray Marchenko saxaafadda yihiin khatarta in "Munich" siyaasadda ee appeasement ee Midowga Soofiyeeti in Dowladaha dimuqraaddiga ah reer galbeedka. Tani waxaa lagu faahfaahiyey maqaalka, Anatoly Tikhonovich "Tertium datur - saddexaad siiyey", ka abuuray 1976 la L. Bogoras. Qorayaashu waxay dhaleeceeyo jihada kaas oo qeybtii hore ee 70s si loo horumariyo xiriirka caalamiga ah. Waxay ka soo horjeeda oo aan wax badan fikradda ah detente sida, laakiin dhanka ah West of fahanka Soviet of fikrad this.

In May 1976, Marchenko ayaa lagu daray Helsinki Moscow ee Group (Moscow Helsinki Group), laakiinse wuxuu soo qabtay laha qayb firfircoon ee ay shaqada, in qayb ka mid maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ahaa in la masaafuriyey, in qayb ka sababta oo ah khilaaf ku salaysan Xeerka Final ka qaatay kulanka Helsinki.

Bilowgii buug cusub

Anatoly Marchenko la sii daayay 1978 (halka galbinayay oo xabsiga sida u qabo sharciga Soviet waxaa ka mid ah sida ereyga maalin maalmaha ka mid ah saddex). Marchenko deganaa ee gobolka Vladimir ee (Karabanovo), waxa uu ka shaqeeyay sidii kuleeliyaha stoker ah. ururinta taariikhiga ah ee samizdat "Xasuusta" (edition saddexaad, 1978) waxaa uu ahaa a collection of qalab ka go'an in ay sanad guurada tobnaad la sii daayo "maraggaygu." Intaa waxaa dheer, cutubka 2-aad ee kitaabka cusub Marchenko lagu rido, "Live oo dhan." shaqada wuxuu qeexayaa taariikhda abuurista "maraggaygu."

"Live sida qof kasta oo kale" iyo articles siyaasadeed-saxaafadeed

Bilowga ee 1981 Marchenko Anatoly sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan buugga, "Live oo dhan." Oo isna wuxuu lahaa si ay u diyaariyaan daabacaada waxaa ka mid ah, oo daboolaya muddada u dhaxaysa 1966 ilaa 1969kii. Isla mar ahaantaana Anatoliy Tihonovich ayaa abuuray tiro ka mid ah articles of focus siyaasadda iyo saxaafadda. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa sooco oo si khatar ah faragalin military Soviet in arrimaha Poland ka dib markii kacaanka ee "Solidarity".

xiray Last Marchenko

Waayo, markii lixaad Marchenko Anatoly la xiray March 17, 1981. xiray Tani waxa ay ahayd la soo dhaafay isaga. Markan, masuuliyiinta ma doonayaan in ay ku been ah ashtako "non-siyaasadeed". Anatoliy Tihonovich lagu eedeeyay buuqa iyo dacaayad ka dhan ah Midowga Soofiyeeti. Isla markii la xiray, Marchenko ayaa sheegay in uu aaminsan yahay in ururada dambiyada KGB iyo CPSU oo aan ka qayb qaadan doonaan baaritaanka. Horraantii bishii September 1981 Maxkamadda Gobolka Vladimir isaga lagu xukumay 10 sano ee ku jira xerooyinka, iyo sidoo kale xilliga tixraaca xiga ee 5 sano.

Andrei Sakharov, in uu article cinwaan looga dhigay "Save Anatoly Marchenko," loo yaqaan xukunka "rabshado u dejisey" buug ku saabsan Gulag ah (Marchenko u sheegay isaga ku saabsan horreeyo) iyo 'aar dobada "waayo, daacadnimo, dulqaad, iyo madaxbannaanida qof iyo maskaxdaada.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Writer Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich xabsi ee ku jira xerooyinka siyaasadeed ee Perm. Maamulka ayaa waxaa si joogto ah isaga sakhiray in ay dhibaatayn. Marchenko waxaa diiday waraaqo iyo booqashooyin, dambiga ugu yar wuxuu ku riday gacanta cadaab. Waa arrin aad u adag tahay in la soo galo sano ka dib qoraa Anatoly Marchenko this. qoraaga buugga, dabcan, ayaa laga ganaaxay garoomada. Bishii December 1984, saraakiisha ammaanka si waxashnimo ah ku garaacday Anatoly Tikhonovich. Bishii Oktoobar 1985, for "xadgudubyo nidaamsan oo ka mid ah" Marchenko loo wareejiyay xabsiga xaaladaha Chistopol ka sii adag. Halkan uu sugayay gebi ahaanba go'doon. Xaaladahan oo kale, gaajo ku hadhay macquul kaliya ee iska caabin ah. la soo dhaafay waxay iyaga ka mid ah, ugu dheer (117 maalmood muddo), Marchenko bilaabay August 4, 1986. Anatoly Tikhonovich shuruud ahayd in ay joojiyaan xadgudubka maxaabiista siyaasadda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, sii daayo. Marchenko joojiyay cuntojoojin ah November 28, 1986. Dhowr maalmood ka dib, si lama filaan ah uu noqday xanuunsan. Waxaa isaga soo diray on December 8 isbitaalka deegaanka Anatoly Marchenko. Uu Biography dhamaado isla maalintaas, fiidkii. Waxay ahayd markaa in qoraaga dhintay. Sida laga soo xigtay version rasmiga ah, dhimashada ka dhacay ay sabab u tahay kaafi wadnaha sambabada.

Ku guuleysiga AT Marchenko

Marchenko guuleystay, laakiin wuxuu garan kari waayay waxa ku saabsan. xerada siyaasadeed yar ka dib markii uu dhintay ayaa lagu reebay. Waxa ay aheyd wax lama huraan ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale deg-deg ah, sida Daanyeel ku yidhi. December 11, 1986 Anatoliy Tihonovich waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha ku Chistopol. 5 maalmood ka dib (ka dib markii A. Sakharov, academician musaafuriyay, Mikhail Gorbachev loo yeedhay;) bilaabay xilli cusub ee taariikhda dalkeena ee. Nasiib darro, nolosha ma ay sugin abaalmarinta Anatoly Marchenko. In 1988, uu Ottawa degenaa waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Nobel ee. Sakharov.

shuqulladiisa bilaabay in la baahiyo ee dalkiisa tan iyo 1989kii. Anatoly Marchenko, kuwaas oo uu kitaabka ku akhriyey, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo dagaal noloshayda oo dhan ka dhanka ah cadaalad. Waa baad ninkan u weyn in.