Waa maxay sababta in cabitaanada tamarta hor radium daray?

nolosha casriga ah waxaa si joogto ah keenaya daalka? Waxaad dareemi waxba uma haysto waqti, iyo aadan haysan xoogga si ay u dhamaystiraan kulli shuqulladii? Waxaa laga yaabaa in aad tahay mid ka mid ah malaayiin macaamiisha ku tiirsan awood ilaa farxiyaa oo waxaas oo dhan ilaa dhammaadka keeno.

alifay ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay

Iyadoo cabitaanada tamarta waxaa loo yeedhi karaa calaamad of our time, ma ay joogaan alifay ee Millennium cusub. Dadka iyaga ugu tiirsan, isku dayayaan in ay ka gudbaan daal ah, ugu yaraan qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Maanta oo ay "tamarta" caadi ahaan ka yimaadaa nooca qaar ka mid ah stimulator dareemayaasha, taas oo ka dhigaysa in aad dareento tamar badan, iyo mararka qaar sonkorta caadi ah.

Laakiin waxaa jiray waqti marka cabitaanada tamarta dhab ku jira tamar dhab ah shucaac. Walaxda firfircoon ee cabitaanka, kuwaas oo ahaa radium - element a radioactive in ay soo saartaa tiro aad u badan ee tamarta shucaaca si burburkii eb kasta. Oo in kastoo xiriirka ka dhexeeya isticmaalka xubno shucaaca, iyo soo bixitaanka la'aan tamar waa mid aan fadhin at ugu fiican, waxa uu ma joojin dadka horaantii 1900, kaas oo iska indho khataraha la og yahay iyo dhibaatooyin caafimaad muddo dheer ah.

radium dhadhan aan caadi ahayn

Mid ka mid ah wax soo saarka tamarta sida ay ku jiraan radium ahaa RadiThor. Dhab ahaantii, cabitaan tamarta this koobnaa radium kala diri ee biyaha. Waxaa la iibiyey ee 1920 ee dhalooyinka of 30 ml. Qiimaha ahaa qiyaastii $ 1 (oo u dhiganta 15 doolar ee 2016 sano). saaraha ayaa sheegay in cabitaan this ma ku siin doonaa oo kaliya tamarta, laakiin sidoo kale ay cudurro ku bogsiiyaan badan, oo ay ku jiraan impotence. Caddeynta lacagta nolosha galmada ee dadka kuma filna, laakiin ugu yaraan hal warqad cilmi baadhis ayaa sheegay in radium qasi jiray biyo kordhin karaan "rabitaan galmo newts biyaha." Waayo, dad badan oo marxalad ka hor dhalashada of Viagra cadaymaha ahaa ku filan. RadiThor ahayd guul weyn ka mid ah macaamiisha.

taageere A tamar aan caadi ahayn

The macaamiisha ugu caansan ahaa RadiThor Ebenceser, Byers - industrialist ka goolofiyad Pittsburgh iyo hiwaayadda u ah. Byers ugu horeysay bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan RadiThor, marka la daweynayo gacanta ka jabay. Inkasta oo wax soo saarka this kuma jirto daroogo kasta, Byers noqday qabatimi in ay, ugu yaraan maskax, haddii aan physiologically. Waxa uu sii waday in ay ku baabbi'iyee xaddi badan oo RadiThor cabniinka xitaa ka dib markii uu gacanta ayaa ku bogsiiyey. Waxaa lagu soo waramayaa in uu cabbi jiray dhalo ama laba maalin kasta muddo ka badan saddex sano iyo cabitaan hagar la'aan lagula talinayaa in ay saaxiibbadiis oo dhan my. Oo iyaga qaarkood kalena waxay bilaabeen inay si joogto ah cabbaan RadiThor.

Ugu dambeyntii, ku tiirsanaanta ee Byers RadiThor dilay isagii. Nasiib darro, isticmaalka radium saamayn lafaha, tan iyo tamarta shucaaca oo dhan lagu kaydiyaa lafaha. Waqti ka, la siiyaa Byers lafaha radium dose ballaarnaa ee shucaaca. Waxa uu ka lumay inta badan daanka ahaayeen godad ku yaala dhaladii iyo tiro ka mid ah cudurada kale ee la xidhiidha lafaha. In dhamaadka, wuu dhintay geeri naxdin leh March 31, 1932.

Ku celcelinta of cashar ku saabsan khatarta shucaaca

Ceeb xaaladda this ahaa xaqiiqada ah in halista isticmaalka radium waxaa xitaa loo yaqaan hor Byers bilaabay in ay qaataan RadiThor. Beesha caafimaad ayaa baranayay saamaynta radium on caafimaadka dadka tan iyo markii la furay Marie iyo Pierre Curie ee 1898. saynisyahan British Walter Laasaros-Barlow ee 1913 la sii daayay xogta in markii daama radium aado lafta. In 1914, Ernst Zublin, professor of daawo at the University of Maryland, la daabacay u eegis lagu sameeyo 700 diiwaanka caafimaadka, kuwaas oo qaar badan muujisay in galleeyda lafta ayaa ah kooxda joogtada ah saamaynta ee la liqo radium. Nasiib darro, kuwaas oo hore calamada casaanka tag lama dareemo, iyo RadiThor iibka hadhay at sare ah ee 1920.

Daraasadda ku saabsan heerka shucaaca ee lafta

Byers markuu dhintay, oo waxaa lagu aasay sanduuq uu damacsan yahay hogaanka si loo joojiyo shucaaca ka soo lafaha ee jidhkiisa. Saddex iyo soddon sannadood ka dib, 1965, saynisyahan a Robley Evans exhumed Byers lafaha, si loo cabbiro xaddiga radium isaga lafaha kaga jira. Maxaa yeelay badhkiis nolosha radium waa 1600 sano jir ah, lafaha Byers dhow ahaayeen isla xaddi radium, sidii maalintii uu dhintay.

Evans ahaa khabiir ku saabsan cabbirka iyo habka xisaabeed oo ka mid ah nuugista iyo Digo ee jidhka bini'aadamka ka mid ah xubno ka shucaaca. On ku salaysan diiwaanka isticmaalka Byers Evans RadiThor xisaabiyaa in jidhka qofka dhintay uu ahaa in ay ka kooban oo ku saabsan 100,000 Bq. Becquerel waa unit oo caalami ah cabbirka ee shucaaca. Laakiin wuxuu ogaaday hadhaagii lafaha dhab ka kooban guud ahaan 225,000 Becquerel. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in model ah ee qabashada radiative Evans ahayd sax ahayn, ama gebi ahaanba ka Byers isla dhayalsan RadiThor isticmaalka ugu yaraan laba jeer. Laakiin hadda waa wax aan macquul aheyn, si loo garto fursado waa sax.

Ka dib markii Evans dhammeeyey cabirka heerka radium ay, ayuu u soo noqday lafaha Byers in uu sanduuq hogaanka ku Pittsburgh, halkaas oo ay maanta ku sii.

Waa maxay sababta ma jiraan kiisas of mass dhimashada

Iyadoo Byers, dabcan, ay saameeyeen radium ee RadiThor, isticmaalka cabitaanka tamarta sida marna ka hormaray dhibaato halis ah oo duurka ku ah caafimaadka dadweynaha. Si taas loo gaaro, waxaa jiray laba sababood. Waa midda koowaade, ka duwan RadiThor, inta badan oo ka mid ah cabitaanka kale "tamarta" suuqa ahaayeen been-abuurka ah. Iyagu ma ay ku jiraan mid ka mid ah radium ama wax element kale shucaac. Marka labaad, RadiThor iyo alaabooyinka kale in si dhab ah ku jira radium, waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u qaali ah. Xaqiiqada ah in radium ahayd dhif iyo qiimo leh, iyo habka of saaridda iyo saabsanaa isdaahirinta, ayaa qaali ah. Sidaas oo keliya dadka hodanka ah sida Byers, awoodi kari waayay in ay maalin kasta isticmaali. Sidaa darteed, cudurada ay keento RadiThor, u muuqday in kaliya dadka tiro yar oo awoodi kari waayay inay bixiso cabitaan.

In dhamaadka, danta ilaalinta caafimaadka dadweynaha ee xukuumadda federaalka xiran radium Bailey ee Laboratories - shirkad soo saarta RadiThor. Sidaas darteed ka mid ah cabitaanka tamarta radium kooban laga tirtiray Suuqa macaamilka by 1932.

Marqaan in cabitaanka casri ah

Maanta suuqa sharaabka tamarta tiirsan caffeine in "soo nooleeyo" macaamiishooda ah oo ay siiyaan tamarta in ay raadinayaan. Caffeine - qayb a si fiican u yaqaan in qaxwada, shaaha, shukulaatada iyo koolaha. Isagu ma uu noqon karaa sida qalaad sida radium, laakiin waxa uu dhab ahaantii waa wax kiciya ah, sidaa darteed dadka u baabbi'in, dareemaan xowli ah ee tamarta iyo ma halis caafimaadkooda.