Waa maxay hubka ugu awoodda badan dunida oo dhan?

Wax kasta oo pacifist fikirka ama aan amiir u ahaa gobolka, in ay ka wel ku saabsan ammaanka muwaadiniinta ay ka mid tahay ugu muhiimsan ee xilkiisa. Si loo gaaro nabad ayaa suuragal ah keliya by xirfad ah uu sababi cadaawayaal iman kara. Hubi in amniga muwaadiniinta waa hogaamiyaha kaliya ee State ee adeegga taas oo uu leeyahay hubka ugu awooda badan adduunka. Horeba hortiisa aad u dhiiri eego kuwa Xad gudbee iman kara. Sidaa darteed, ayaa maanta u bartaan dalalka waaweyn hubka ugu awoodda badan. hub ugu khatarta badan dunida ee waxaa loo arkaa inay nuclear. Maanta adduunka waxaa jira toban dalalka haysashada stock nuclear. Sida ka muuqata xaaladda hadda jirta, in aragtida hoggaamiyeyaasha ay mar walba maqli. waxay doonayaan inay saaxiibbo la ah, ama ugu yaraan in aan isugu cadhoonina - arrin la fahmi karo line madaxda dhaqanka aan leeyihiin faa'iido noocan oo kale ah.

Dadku waxay u diriray wakhtiyadii hore?

In taariikhda oo dhan horumarinta binu-aadmiga oo si joogto ah Been habab cusub oo midba midka kale dilo. Horeba inta lagu guda jiro qarniyadii dhexe ee ku yaala goobahan ayaa guul badan. Ka hor war abuurashadoodii hubka Baaruud ahaayeen qabow. Laakiin wakhtigaas, Nin Waalan baarka, loogu talagalay gumaada.

"Cidida ah Archimedes '

Waqtiyadii hore waxa uu ahaa hubka ugu awoodda badan dhalisay. Mabda'a ah in ay tallaabo ka kooban yahay in xaqiiqda ah in u sarraysaa sida ay suurtagal tahay in kor loo qaado wanka cadowga iyo tuur hoos. Ujeedada this, design ka fulisaa qabsatooyinkooduna gaar ah qaadaan cadowga ayaa la siiyey. Halkaa marka ay marayso qaar ka mid ah, oo qabsatooyinkooduna waxay ahaayeen shaaca ka qaaday, askari cadowga oo dhulkay ku dhaceen oo kala jejebiyey. "Cidida ah Archimedes" waxa loo adeegsaday qaadaya iyo tuuraya Guda galay cadowga, iyo sidoo kale lever ah jeestay maraakiibta cadowga.

horumarka cilmiga ah ayaa ka tagay "The cidida ah Archimedes 'ee la soo dhaafay, halkii la siiyo Dadka badan intan ka waxtar badan jidadkoodii halligaadda mass kasta oo kale.

Hubka burburka culus geysta

Inta Dadka taariikhda ayaa inta badan la weydiiyay su'aasha ah: Waa maxay hubka ugu awoodda badan oo aad isticmaali karto si ay u dhuftay cadowga tirade? Waxa guud ahaan la aqbalay in hubka ugu awoodda badan waa nuclear. Laakiin danta waa in aad ogtahay in maanta, in category ee "hubka burburka culus geysta" waxaa soo socda dilka qofka shaqaalaha:

• Hubka nukliyeerka ah.
• bambooyinka hydrogen.
• hubka kiimikada.
• Laser.
• Bamka ayaa neutron.
• Hubka bayoolijiga ah.

Nooc kasta waxa lagu gartaa mabda'a ah ficil iyo qaababka kale sifo. Waa maxay iyaga mideeya si cad waa mid waxtar leh oo awood-celin xoog.

"Tsar Qarax"

Hubi in badan oo ka yaabay, oo ku saabsan waxa hubka ugu awoodda badan dunida oo dhan ayaa kuu sheegi doona in ciidamo aad looga cabsado oo burbur ku jira bam hydrogen 100-megaton baan ahay. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee hubka sida si rasmi ah bilaabay hadalka 1963.

show of xoog

"Tsar qarxa", ama sida kale ee loo yaqaan "gruel" Waxaan la baadhay on Novaya Zemlya sano iyo bar ka hor lagu dhawaaqo si rasmi ah Nikity Hruscheva ku saabsan joogitaanka ee USSR sida hub awood badan. Marka la barbar dhigo bam thermonuclear American, Soviet ahaa ka xoog badan afar-laab. waxaa Dareen, saynisyahano ayaa xusay in "Boqor-qarax" qarxiyay seddex daqiiqo ka dib waxaa hoos uga dhacay Qarax a. Dhererka fungus nuclear ahayd 67 km oo gilay bartamaha ku lahaa gacan ka mid ah 5.6 km. ruxruxo lama filaan ah ayaa wareegay caalamka saddex jeer. Created by ionization in ka badan soddon daqiiqo faragelin radio ee dhawr boqol oo kiilomitir. At xuddunta u ah kulaylka qaraxa u rogmatay dhagaxyo galay ash. Dhamaadka imtixaanka khubarada soo gabagabeeyey: "Tsar qarxa" waa hub "nadiif ah", sida ay awood u dhacday 97% on falcelinta ee isuga thermonuclear, iyada oo aan la abuurayo wasakhda shucaaca.

Atoomikada Qarax qalab

In 1945, ee July, Americans ugu horeysay qarax qaaradda waxa la baadhay hoos qalab Alamogordo, abuuray oo ku saleysan plutonium. In isla sannaddaas August, iyada waxaa hoos u Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki.

Dhacdadani waxa ay muujiyeen in ay dunida xaqiiqda ah ee joogitaanka dalka Mareykanka ah hubka ugu awoodda badan. Shan sano ka dib, hoggaanka Soviet sidoo kale si rasmi ah helitaanka hubka nuclear sida, kaas oo, by ay awood burbur waa ineysan Maraykanka.

hubka kiimikada

Waxaa markii hore loo isticmaalay 1915 by Ciidamada Jarmal ka dhanka ah ciidamada Ruush ee taariikhda aadanaha. daruur u weyn ee chlorine la sii daayay ka weel gaar ah, ay ku dhinteen shan kun oo qof, 15 kun oo helay sumoobo daran.

Inta lagu guda jiro World Labaad isticmaasho hubka kiimikada sida Japan. Hirgalinta qaraxii magaalooyinka Shiinaha, ciidanka Japan sii daayay oo ku saabsan kun qolofka kiimikada. Sidaas darteed sumowga dilay 50 kun oo Man..

Iyo hubka kiimikada la isticmaalay by Americans lagu jiro dagaalkii Vietnam. Isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah ee Mareykanka uma uu dayn labada ciidan iyo dad rayid ah waa fursad ma helayno fakasho. Inta lagu jiro muddada uu iskahorimaadku military ciidamada Maraykanka ayaa lagu buufiyaa 72 milyan oo litir oo defoliants. hubka kiimikada American ku jira dioxin dar qariyo cudurka dhiig, beerka iyo curyaanimo ee dhashay. The hubka kiimikada loo isticmaalo ee dalka Mareykanka dagaalka, saameeyey qaar ka mid ah shan milyan oo qof. Dhibaatooyinka iyo dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo ku hadhay, iyo ka dib markii ay dhamaystirka.

hub laser

USA Waxaa markii ugu horaysay la tijaabiyey ee 2010 at goobaha of California. Isticmaalka qoriga laser ah, taas oo ah 32 megawatts awood Americans ka fogaan ah 3 kun oo maamula. Garaaca afar mitir UAV. Faa'iidooyinka hub laser ka mid ah:

• awood u leh inay ka nixin xawaare iftiinka.
• Awoodda si ay u weeraraan dhowr bartilmaameed isku mar.

noolaha

hubka loo yaqaan ee 1500 BC Xooggiisa waxaa loo isticmaalaa ciidammadoodu badan. Inta badan askartii Dhawaqa ka meydad qalcaddayda cadowga cudurka. Dooday boog in ku xusan Kitaabka Quduuska ah - wax kale ma aha, sida natiijo ah oo isticmaalka hubka bayoolojiga.

Mid ka mid ah noocyo ay casriga ah waa isticmaalka fayrusyada kala duwan. Sannadkii 2001, ka ugu halista badan oo iyaga ka mid ahaa anthrax, kaas oo la bixiyay ka kudka dilaaga bakteeriyada Bacillus anthracis ah. cudurka Human dhacaa sabab u ah xiriir la khilaafka ama neefsasho. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, 22 yaqaan xaaladood oo cudurka aadanaha iyadoo anthrax. Shan qaba dhintay.

qarax neutron

Marka la barbar dhigo noocyada kale ee hubka burburka culus geysta, kuwaas oo hub, hindiseen cilmibaadhe oo Maraykan ah, khubaro badan oo ka mid ah kuwa ugu "moral." Burburinta noolaha keliya ku nool yahay feature a caan ku bam neutron ah. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in ay sabab u tahay qarax ka dhacay xisaabaadka la ruxruxo lama filaan ah% tamarta uu kaliya 20. Iyadoo in hub qaaradda on ruxruxo lama filaan ah waxaa loo qoondeeyey 50%. In kasta oo soo jeedin ah ee hoggaanka Soviet waxaa loo arkaa hub mamnuuc ah, oo ay ku jiraan madaxdii dalalka reer galbeedka rafcaanka la tagay oo aan taageero. eedeeyay Neutron bilaabay in la abuuro in America ee 1981.

horumarka cilmiga siiyey Dadka badan oo hub ciidan burbur xoog badan. iyaga ka mid ah meel gaarka ah ayaa waxaa kujira hubka nuclear sida ugu awooda badan adduunka.

Top 10 States la nukes more

In darajayn ee wadamada la iman kara nuclear:

• meel tobnaad waa Kanada. On heerka dalka inventory nuclear ay dowladda ma jirin war rasmi ah ayaa la sameeyay. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in Kanada ma aha awood buuxa fuliya oo nuclear. kaydka Its hubka waxaa loo isticmaalaa inta badan ganacsiga.
• In booska sagaalaad marka la eego awoodda nuclear waa Israa'iil. In kastoo si rasmi ah Gobolka looma tixgeliyo sida nuclear, haddii ay dhacdo khatar, waxaa la qiyaasayaa in la ma loo isticmaali karaa in ka yar laba boqol oo madaxyada.
• meel siddeedaad waa North Korea. Maaddaama ay soo noqnoqda statements cod weyn Madaxweynaha dhigay inta lagu guda jiro dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay waxaa laga yaabaa in view in asturidda wadankan waa hubka nuclear ugu awooda badan adduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha. Korea North ee ku yaala goobahan cusub. Waxa lagu qiyaasay in tirada madaxyada nukliyeerka ay kama badna dhowr darsin.
• meel toddobaad iska Pakistan. Sida laga soo xigtay in ay Arsenal nuclear waa xaalad - ku dhawaad ugu awooda badan adduunka. Hubka ee dalka (iman kara a nuclear, taasoo iyadu) wakiil ka mid ah boqol iyo toban madaxyada. Waqtigan xaadirka ah ay ku jiraan xaalad firfircoon oo si degdeg ah u buuxiyey.
• India waxa ay ku heer hubka nuclear ee kaalinta lixaad. In la horumariyo gudbikaraa this gobolka bilaabay in ay ilaaliyaan nabadda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, hubka nuclear ka sii badan yihiin boqol.
• In kaalinta shanaad waa Shiinaha. Go'aanka ay u soo iibsadaan hubka ugu awoodda badan ayaa la dhigay by dowladda dalka in adduunka ee 1964. Maanta, gobolka ayaa laba boqol iyo afartan madaxyada nukliyeerka.
• kaalinta afaraad iska leh France. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in badan oo dalka ah ayaa la xidhiidha hindiga, arrimaha military waxaa si dhab ah loo. Hubka nukliyeerka ah marka hore u muuqday in France ee 1960. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxa ay leedahay saddex boqol oo madaxyada.
• England. Iibso madaxyada nukliyeerka ee dalka bilaabay 1952. Just yimaadaan oo ugu baaqay awoodaha kale. In UK, madaxyada waa firfircoon. Tiradoodu - 225 gogo '.
• Federation Ruush waa labaad ee ugu weyn. Tijaabo duurka ku nuclear bilaabay in 1949 iyo sii wadaan in ay maanta. Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa tirada madaxyada nukliyeerka ayaa durbaba ka sii badnayeen siddeed kun.
• Hoggaamiyaha ee hubka nuclear uu noqday America. In deegaanka this, Gobolka - ugu awooda badan adduunka. hubka Maraykanka, sida aynu ognahay, khusaysaa ma ujeedooyin nabad ah. Its Arsenal nuclear America isticmaalaa in ay soo fara nolosha dalalka taagta daran.

Ruush "Smerch"

Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro badan oo military iyo culimada, nidaamka Dhawaaqa qaraxa gantaalka badan "Twister" - labaad ka dib markii uu bam ku nuclear hubka ugu awoodda badan ee Russia. In si ay u keenaan in xaaladda legdinta siiyey MRL, wax ka badan saddex daqiiqo ku filan.

Bandhigyada Salvo buuxda qaadataa daqiiqadii badh. 12-foosto "Smerch" waa awood garaacid kasta taangiyada casriga ah iyo gaadiidka kale ee gaashaaman. "Smerch" waxaa gacanta laba siyaabood:

• Rubuciis MRL.
• Marka la isticmaalayo rada ah.

Lisitaanka "Topol-M"

muhimka ah ee kooxda ee gantaalaha Ciidamada Strategic ahaa adag gantaal ah "Topol-M" (casriyeeyey). Hubka waa saddex-yada adag-shidaalka monoblock gantaal ah, kaas oo ku jira in gaadiidka iyo bandhigista weel gaar ah. In waxa, ayay sii joogi kartaa ilaa labaatan sannadood. Muuqaalka caan ku ah nidaamka gantaal this waa wax macquul ah afka baarkiisa ah ee ay u bedelay wata madaxii kii reer warhead oo dhan, waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood oo kala duwan. Sidaas darteed, "Topol-M" noqdo invulnerable in nidaamka badan oo difaaca.

Sida laga soo xigtay qabanqaabada hadda la heli karo injineerada military Ruush in ay soo saaraan isbedelka noocan oo kale ah lama oggola. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa macquul ah in nidaamyadaas loo eegi doonaa iftiinka dhacdooyinkii u danbeeyay.

Russia - dal, taas oo in la gaarsiiyo ciidamada istiraatijiga ah iyo nuclear lacag weyn loo qoondeeyey. Haysashada hubka nuclear Ruush caadiga ah iyo qaybaha nuclear nidaamka sannadihii la soo dhaafay waa miisaan ku ool ah in dalalka NATO.