6 deynta ugu mudada dheer ee taariikhda, kaasoo iyaga ku bixisay?

Sababtoo ah jir deynta dagaalka, iibka ah ee madax banaanida, deynta taariikheed iyo hawlgabka dadwaynaha mararka qaar waa in ay bixiso daymaha ay gobolka ka tagay daraasiin ama xitaa boqolaal sano. Baro ugu da'da weyn oo ugu aan caadi ahayn deynta muddada dheer ee taariikhda, qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la bixiyaa ilaa maantadan la joogo.

British boqolkiiba afar Console

In 2014, dawladda UK ku dhawaaqday qorshe ay ku bixiso qayb ka mid ah daynta jir ah dadweynaha, kuwaas oo kala si ay bilowgii qarnigii XVIII ka dib. securities waxay ku hadhay ka xoojinta la soo dhaafay oo ka mid ah hantida ka mid ah gobolka waqtiga Winston Churchill. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha ayaa soo saartay Console hoostiisa 4% in 1927 si refinance bonds deynta hartay ka dib markii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka.

daymaha boqortooyada Historical

daymaha Si kastaba ha ahaatee, consoles'ka kuwan waxaa dabagal ma aha oo kaliya ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, laakiin sidoo kale deynta, oo England ka qaaday waqtiga War Crimean ah, Wars Napoleonic ah, fududeynta iyo abaar weyn ee Ireland ee 1848 iyo magdhow inay addoomada milkiilayaasha ka dib markii la baabiiyo addoonsiga. deynta ugu fac weyn consoles'ka kuwan - nidaamka Ahraamta intii uu ololaha ee Badaha South ah. Markaas, iyadoo ay sabab u argagax dhaqaale iyo wararka la isla dhexmarayo ee ku saabsan kaydka stock exchange waxaan ayaa laga badiyay boqolaal kun oo qof. The dhibanayaasha isla dhexmarayo this ahaayeen Isaak Nyuton iyo Dzhonatan Svift.

In 2014, Royal Chancellor ka ilaaliya shurrucda ku dhawaaqday in qiyaastii 11,000 oo heystana consoles'ka oo dhaaraheedii ay weli qaadato lacagaha dulsaarka deynta, iyo dawladda xitaa isku dayin in aad dib u soo iibsan securities ee 67 sano.

ka qaybgalayaasha Pension ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye, taas oo uu leeyahay 151 sano

Rasmi ah, War Maraykanka Civil ka dhammaadeen ee 1865, laakiin qarnigii badh ka dib, muwaadin u dhashay dalka weli helo lacagta hawlgabka la Wadaajiyey Aaway in mujaahidiintii iyo qoysaskooda. Ayrin Triplett - gabadhiisa Private Moosaa Triplett, beeralay ah oo ka North Carolina, taas oo bilaabay adeegga dhinaca xisbiyadii, laakiin markaas ku biiray madaxda sare ee kasoo jeeda ee. Isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii dhexdhexaad ah oo lagu magacaabo "gaari of Kirk." Askari Triplett badbaaday dagaalka, guriga ku soo laabtay iyo in 1920 guursaday gabar oo ahaa ka yar uu ku dhawaad 50 sano. Marka Irene ayaa ku dhashay, iyada oo aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa 83 sano jir. dhowr sano ka dib uu ku dhintay. Yaa waa hooyo ka mid ah North Carolina, oo ku nool guriga xanaanada ah, haatan tahay 86 sano jir ah, oo iyana waxay helaysaa gunno bileed in qadarka $ 73 adeegiddii reer aabbihiis. Waxay - askari ilmaha ee la soo dhaafay ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye, waa in liiska rasmiga ah ee adeegyada bulshada. Laakiin Irene ma ahaa qofka kaliya ee ka gobolka qaata hawlgabka muddada-dheer, ayaa ku leh xidido qarnigii XIX ah. A dad badan oo dhowr ay helaan lacagaha qoyska oo ah adeegidda laga intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Spain-American ee 1898.

magdhaw Jarmal ka dib dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka

In Dagaalkii Adduunka ee 1919 waxaan si rasmi ah dhammaaday saxiixa ku Treaty of Versailles, taas oo Germany waajib kuma aha oo keliya in ay joojiyaan dhamaan barnaamijyada military iyo wax soo saarka hubka, laakiin sidoo kale inuu bixiyo lacag ah sumalka uguma, oo u dhiganta $ 400 billion.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah heshiiskii nabadda Germany qirtay guuldarro iyo xadgudubka, waayo, dabarka colaadda iyo ogolaatay inay bixiso 132 billion marks Jarmal in kooxda ay. Si aad ula qabsan ee lacagaha u qaali ah, dowladda Jarmalka ayaa lagu qasbay in ay daabacdo lacag "madhan", taas oo markii danbe keentay in tiro ka mid ah la bixin kari dhaqaalaha Jarmal. banker American la iman nidaamka ururinta lacag ay ku bixiyaan daynta iyo sii wadida dhaqaalaha Jarmal sabbaynaya, laakiin deynta waxaa weli keentay in saboolnimada iyo xasilooni.

War World Labaad iyo bixinta

xaaladda Tani waxay keentay niyad-jab dadweyne in markeeda siiyey kor u soo socda si ay awood of Adolf Hitler iyo xisbiga Nazi. Hitler diiday in uu bixiyo magdhaw, iyo ugu danbeyn u bilaabay warshadaha military ee dalka. Magdhaw of World First ka soo Germany ayaa ku hadhay jirey ilaa 1950, marka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ah ee Germany (West Germany) ku heshiiyeen in ay sii wadaan bixinta deymaha.

The sano ee soo socota yar, dalku ku soo jiray bixinta deynta caalamiga ah, laakiin qeyb ka mid ah dulsaarka ay sii aan la bixin waqtiga deynta keenida German sanadkii 1990. bixinta ee la soo dhaafay oo ah $ 94 milyan oo la sameeyey 2010 - ku dhawaad boqol sano ka dib saxiixa Treaty Versailles ah.

bonds weligeed ah Dutch Council Biyaha

Qaar ka mid ah daynta jir ah ayaa weli ay maamulaan guddiga Dutch gobolka biyaha, taas oo qarnigii XVII siiyey bonds ee geedi socodka of ururinta si ay u ilaaliyaan biyo-xireenno iyo Piers on webiyada iyo harooyinka of gobollada South Holland iyo Utrecht. Mid ka mid ah bond ugu horeysay ee la soo saaray ee 1624. In 2003, Jaamacadda Yale ayaa iibsaday bond weligeed ah ee 1648, qoraal on maqaarka orgi, rubuc ka mid ah a million dollars. Bond muujiyay in matxafka sida artifact taariikhi ah, laakiin weli lacagta. Qiimaha maalgashiga asalka - kun guilders, taas oo u dhiganta 500 doolar oo casri ah. In 2015, professor Yale u tageen inay Netherlands in ay lacag ka hesho 12 sano. Waxa ay ahayd sida ugu badan ee 153 doolar.

Lacagaha madax u ahaa Haiti

In 1791, addoommo Afrika in jasiiradda Caribbean ee San Domingo abaabulay caasinimo ah oo ku caasiyoobeen sayidkooda Faransiis. fallaago ku dhamaatay 1804, formation of the Republic of Haiti - gobolka kaliya ee sameeyay ay sabab u tahay dadka caasiya ee addoomo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda dawlad madax bannaan ahayd ka fog raqiis ah. Midkoodna France mana Maraykanka, dalka kale ma aqoonsan madaxbannaanida Haiti.

In 1825, France ku hayeen in ay gumeysi hore oo ballan-qaaday in xanibaadda iyo duulaankii. Dawlada Jamhuuriyadda dhallinyarada ahaa mid la doortay oo keliya - si ay u iibsadaan ay xornimada u saxiixay heshiis ku saabsan bixinta 90 milyan oo faran dahab si ay u daboosho khasaaraha ka mid ah France iyo muwaadiniinteeda ku nool dalka reer Haiti. lacagta loo badheedhi Karin dhaafto dakhliga sanadlaha ah ee Jamhuuriyadda ilaa shan jeer, taas oo ah sababta ay lacagta heshiiska sii waday ilaa 1947.

Maanta, dhaqdhaqaaqa badan iyo siyaasiyiin baahida ka France ayaa ku soo laabtay Haiti waa cadaalad darro in lacag qaadan. Inta ay u dhigma casriga ah ee ka badan $ 20 billion.

magdhow Faransiis 1738

Wixii ku saabsan saddex qarniyo, France sii si ay u qabtaan deynta aan caadi ahayn qoyska ka mid ah qareen Faransiis, qaaday in 1738. In qarnigii XVIII ka, qareen by magaca Klod Linott shaqeeyay sida la taliye maaliyadeed si Faransiis Duke of fuud iyo carruurtiisa. Sida abaalgud adeeg fiican Lynott weydiiyay Duke inay la soo wareegto magdhow ah nolosha kun a a livres sano ah, oo sax ah inta nool ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah toos ka soo farcamay oo ka mid ah qareen iyo xaaskiisa. Claude Rod Lynott cadeeyay inuu yahay mid aad u tenacious iyo magdhow hadhay firfircoon inkastoo dhowr isku dhacyada iyo kacdoonkii qaran iyo mid caalamiba. waajib Daynta ka badbaaday Revolution Faransiiska, kor u kaceen inay xoog iyo fall of Napoleon, iyo sidoo kale labadii dagaal aduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi dhaqaaleyahannada kuwaas oo la daabacay sheekada ah Claude Lynott, qarnigii labaatanaad, dawladda Faransiiska iyo xataa isku dayeen in ay soo furan magdhow ka raaxo, laakiin farcankiisa qareen aragti diideen inay iska iibiso. Lacagta waxaa sanad kasta ilaa maantadan la joogo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay sicir bararka iyo isbedelka lacagta xaddiga lacagta si weyn hoos u dhacay iyo wuxuu ku saabsan yahay hal euro sannadkii.