Waa maxay gametophyte ah (nooc, astaamaha, sifooyinka)

shaqeeyo wax kasta oo nool maraa gaar ah wareegga nolosha: ka rimidda (bookmarks) in la dilo (Geeridu), iyo geedka ma aha marka laga reebo ah. Ay feature soocayaa waxa weeye geedi socod dhalmo la talantaalli ah sporophyte iyo gametophyte ah.

Iyo in waxa gametophyte ah - falanqaynta si faahfaahsan in this article. Waa in la sheegay in marar aad u badan gametophyte aan la go'doonsan, oo halkaas, si wadajir ah ula sporophytes ama si toos ah ku xiran tahay waxa on.

Waa maxay gametophyte ah?

Ereyga "gametophyte" waxaa laga erayga Giriigga ah ee "gamete", E. unugyada taranka iyo phyton (dhirta) ie. iyo tarjumayaa jiilka galmo ama mid ka mid ah heerarka kala duwan ee horumarka dhirta. In biology, jiilka jeermiga haploid ayaa naqshada warqad - «n».

noocyada

Si loo fahmo in gametophyte waa lagama maarmaan si ay u fahmaan sida loo sameeyay iyo in uu yahay. Gametophyte waa feature a kala sifeeyay dhirta lahaayeen fasalka ee spore sare. Iyada oo ku xidhan kaladuwan ee gametophyte ah waxa dhici karta in gametangia (xubnaha generative faafin galmada) ee laba nooc: lab iyo dhaddig.

Features taranta

Geedi socodka oo dhan faafin galmada ee dhirta waa in qaab conjugation (E. ie. Laba unugyada daaqsinka isuga protoplast madax bannaan). Inta badan hal iyo qofka isla mar qaadi karaan labada gametes ama kudka. Laakiin waxaa jira xaalado marka laga doodayo waa la soo koraya ka mid ah oo kaliya nooca, iyo gametes keliya oo dhinaca kale ah. Qofka, taas oo uu yeesho kudka, loo yaqaan sporophyte ah, oo mid ka mid ah oo ku saabsan taas oo gametes loo sameeyay - gametophyte.

Gametophyte in dhirta

Gametophyte waa bisexual iyo qaniis yahay. In nuclei diploid sporophyte ay leeyihiin set koromosoomyada ah, laakiin waxay haploid gametophyte. Inta baaxad weyn oo heer sare ah algae iyo ku dhowaad dhammaan dhirta sare waxay leeyihiin qaab oo kala duwan ee horumarka meertada iskhilaafka qarniyo, kuwaas oo soo saari asexually iyo galmada.

Schematically, habka taranta matali karaa sida soo socota: gametophyte → →-soo-saarka ee isuga gamete of gametes formation saygoot → → → horumarinta sporophyte a diploid iyo wixii la mid ah.

Qaab dhismeedka Gametophyte waa wax kala duwan, iyo tan waxay ku xiran tahay nooca isbedel jiilal kuwa ama noocyada kale ee dhirta. Tusaale ahaan, algae la arkay iskhilaafka sugeysayna qarniyada (isomorphic), sidaas gametophyte ay wakiil unit madax bannaan, oo ka gaar ah oo kama duwana sporophyte isku.

Oo halkan at algae laminaria ah, kaas oo ay leeyihiin ee kala duwan (heteromorphic) wareegga horumarinta, gametophyte waa gebi ahaanba kala duwan, ka sporophyte ah, dhisme qaab-hoos horumariyo iyo jahaysteen thalli filamentous kala duwan. Ku dhowaad dhammaan wakiillada sporophytes, oo ay ku jiraan ee Fern, gametophyte uusan dhacsan oo halkaas waa waqti aad u gaaban.

Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in koorsada ee horumar ah ee dhirta ka mid ah fasalada sare waxaa jiray hoos u siman of gametophyte ah, ay ayaa laga badiyay aqoonsiga galmada. Tusaale ahaan, dhirta abuur gebi ahaanba laga badiyay jiilka haweenka, iyo dhamaan heerarka kala duwan ee horumarka ay dhacaan on sporophyte ah.

gametophyte Female gymnosperms wakiil endosperm haploid multicellular ama archegonia dheeraad ah sida geed ama gymnosperms kale siday u kala horreeyaan. In wakiilada ravnosporovyh dhirta, Fern prothallia waxaa ka mid ah labada jinsiba.

dhirta abuur gametophyte Lab uu leeyahay qaab manka iyo billaabay ka microspores kuwaas oo foomamka gametes in germinating tube manka. Laakiin prothallia ravnosporovyh Fern - bisexual.

Sayidka, gametophyte ma ku xidhan tahay waqtiga Dhirta ama geedka nolosha, oo kaliya ay yihiin nooca iyo sifooyinka evolutionary.

gunaanad

Sayidka, gametophyte ah, isagoo jiilka galmada horumarinta dhirta iyo sifeeyay iskhilaafka gaar ah oo isku xig xiga qarniyo in noociisa ah, waxa uu leeyahay muuqaalada dhowr. First of dhan, waxaa la soo sameeyey muran uu leeyahay dhowr haploid ee koromosoom iyo gametes had iyo foomamka loo eegin in ay tahay khaas ah xubnaha galmada ama unugyada daaqsinka caadiga ah.

Haatan waad garanaysaan waxa gametophyte ah iyo waxa ay tahay qaababka ay.