Catalysis ee catalysis dhqaalaha iyo Nuurre Aw: sharxi la tusaalooyin

reactions Qaar ka mid ah kiimikada isu dhacaan aad u adag ama ma dhici karto. Oo markaas "samatabbixin" yimaado walxaha gaar ah - Xoojiya ah. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysa inaad "dhaaftaan caqabad ah" - iyo dareen-celin la bilaabay, inkasta oo ay iyaga oo aan u lahaa labada marnaba bilaabay ama dhici doono si tartiib ah. Qancinaya catalysis catalysis dhqaalaha iyo Nuurre Aw. Waa maxay micnaha erayadan?

Magaca waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan iyadoo ku xidhan haddii Hannaan isku mid ah iyo reactants yihiin wajiga. Hannaan laftiisa waa la baabbi'in in falcelinta. Haddii aad aragto soohdinta laba-waji ah oo u dhexeeya maalka iyo Hannaan, catalysis waa Nuurre Aw. Isla ayaa laga odhan karaa kiiska halkaas oo gobolka ka mid ah arrinta iyo Hannaan ku kala duwan yihiin. Isleh sidoo kale dhacda in dhexdhexaad ah oo dhqaalaha hal waji.

In catalysis Nuurre Aw, Hannaan inta badan - adag ah, iyo reagents waxaa ka mid dareere ama la kala diri ee dareere ah, ama waa gaasaska. War sidee reactants waxaa adsorbed on goobaha firfircoon ee Hannaan ah (isku qaldin ee adsorption iyo nuugista. Koowaad waa nooc ka mid ah "dusin" si ay dusha sare, labaad iyo xoogga mid walax guskiisa galay qaab dhismeedka kale).

Sayidka u dhexeeya taagoo reagent iyo isdhexgalka kiimikada ee Hannaan ku dhacdaa. Waxaa ka mid noqon kara sida falgal kiimikaad dushiisa, iyo itaal bonds taagoo reactant gudahood. Markaas falcelinta, taas oo u taagoo inta badan waa arrin haraaga ah ku dhuftay Britain reactant ugu horeysay. Natiijada falcelinta waa desorbed, "unstick" xarumaha firfircoon. Sidii hore loo sheegay, Hannaan la baabbi'in in falcelinta. Badala kaliya xaddiga reactants iyo alaabta.

Catalysis ee catalysis Nuurre Aw dhqaalaha iyo hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in industry. Halkan waxaa ku qoran tusaale ka mid ah kii labaad, sida in aragtida aynu hore u wada hadleen.

Sida la og yahay, margarine - baruurta. Isagu waa joogtona ah oo adag. A baruurta khudradda, ka kaas oo la soo saaray, inta badan dareere ah. Sida loo gaaro engegnaantiinna aawadeed? Iyada oo hydrogenation, i.e. atamka carbon bond double yihiin hal sabab u dheer ee atamka hydrogen. Hannaan A dhaqmo sida birta nikkel ee gobolka adag. Dufanka, taas oo waxaa laga heli by reaction this waxaa lagu magacaabaa hydrogenated. Dabcan, sida dufanka cokan, ma ay joogin aad u faa'iido badan, laakiin si ay u demonize ma mudan tahay.

Catalysis ee catalysis Nuurre Aw dhqaalaha iyo in la gartaa, maxaa yeelay, waxay kaa caawin karaan si ay u sharxaan ma aha oo kaliya warshadaha, laakiin sidoo kale hababka dabiiciga ah. Tusaale ahaan, burburinta daaha Allena - tusaale ka mid ah catalysis dhqaalaha.

Allena waa la abuuray oo ku baabbi'iyeen mar kale by-gaadhista shucaaca ee Britain ayaa ku. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka caadiga ah waxaa carqaladeeyey ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen chloro kelli iyo fluorocarbons, taas oo ay joogaan in jawiga ee foomka of gaasas waa wax soo saarka ee qiiqa warshadaha. Maxaa dhacaya haddii ay tani dhacdo? Taagoo of carbon iyo fluorine xeryahooda wajihi chloro- taagoo Allena iyo u qaadan mid la eb oxygen. Markaas, xarunta, tusaale ahaan, chlorine iyo oxygen duqeeyo Britain kale Allena, taasoo keentay in Britain oo ah ogsijiin iyo cusboonaysiiyaan xarunta chloro walxaha taas oo sii carqaladeeyo kartaa kun oo taagoo Allena. Sidaas awgeed waxaa laga catalysis a dhqaalaha. Sida aad arki karto, aqoonta geedi socodka this noo ogolaadaa in la fahmo in aad leedahay si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo oo cabitaanno ah qaar ka mid ah iyo Carfiyaha for qaboojiyeyaasha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaadaa in walxaha weyni tahay catalysis ah dhqaalaha iyo Nuurre Aw, ma dardar kartaa falcelin keliya, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u yarayso. Xaaladdan oo kale waxay la yiraahdo celiyeyaasha. Oo Xoojiya kasta, markeeda, saamayn ku yeelan kara walxo gaar ah: Sheelare ama sunta Hannaan. Sidaa darteed catalysis - a multi-yada, iyo in la fahmo waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la fahmo sababaha catalysis. Oo waxaa ugu wacan in habkan u baahan yihiin wax ka yar tamarta dardargelinta, sababtoo ah howsha u socoto in hab ka duwan sida haddii uu ku dul socda isaga u gaar ah.

Sida aan aragnay tusaalayaal catalysis noqon karaa mid aad u kala duwan ee faa'iidooyinka in ay aadanuhu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u beddesho dunida, waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u fahmaan. Sidaa darteed, si ay u barato chemistry ma aha oo kaliya "vpriglyadku".