Velikiy Ioann Paul 2: Biography, nolosha, taariikhda iyo wax sii sheegidda

Nolosha Karolya Voytyly, Dunidu ogyahay by magaca John Paul 2, iyo waxaa ka buuxsamay dhacdooyin naxdin leh oo farxadeed. Waxa uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay baadari xidid Slavic. Magiciisana waxaa lala marxalad weyn. In xafiiska, Pope John Paul 2 bandhigay inuu yahay dagaal aan laga daalin soo horjeedo dulmi siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ee dadka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah weedhaha dadweynaha uu taageero xuquuqda aadanaha iyo xorriyadda, waxay u rogmatay calaamad u ah halganka ka dhanka-talisnimo.

carruurnimada

Karol Yuzef Voytyla, mustaqbalka weyn John Paul 2, waxa uu ku dhashay tuulo yar oo u dhow Krakow ee qoyska ka mid ah ciidamada. Aabbihiis, Sarreeye ah Army Polish ah, waxay ahayd sayidkayga ah af Jarmal iyo ina nidaamsan u tababaran. Hooyo pontiff mustaqbalka - macallin, oo iyana waxay ahayd, sida laga soo xigtay ilo qaar ka mid ah, waxay ahayd Yukreeniyaan ah. Waxaa xaqiiqo ah in awoowayaasha John Paul 2 ahaayeen dhiig Slavic, malaha sharxayaa xaqiiqda ah in Pope ogaa iyo in waxa uu la xidhiidhaa luqadda Ruush iyo dhaqanka oo dhan ixtiraamo. Markii uu jiray siddeed sannadood, wuxuu badiyay hooyadiis, oo ku dhintay da'da toban iyo walaalkiis ka weyn. Sida ilmo, wiilkii buu la jiray jeclaan of te'atradii. Waxa uu doonayay inuu ku koraan in ay noqon artist ah, iyo in 14 sano, xataa qoray play a xaq u leedahay "King-Ruuxa."

dhalinyarada

In 1938, John Paul II, kuwaas oo Biography Xasad Christian kasta oo ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda iyo qaatay qarsoodiga classic of miromazaniya. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan, Karol bartay arrin si guul leh. Kadib markii uu dhamaystay waxbarashadiisii dugsiga sare dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ka hor, wuxuu waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay Krakow ee University Jagiellonian ee Kuliyada Studies Polish.

Wixii afar sano, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay idlaan philology, suugaanta, qoraal of Church iyo xataa waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee af Ruush. Arday ahaan, Karol Wojtyla ku qoran aqoon isweydaarsi masraxa a. Inta lagu jiro shaqo ka mid ah Professor ka mid ah mid ka mid ah jaamacadaha ugu caansan Yurub ayaa loo diray in ay xeryaha fiirsashada, iyo fasalada si rasmi ah dhammaaday. Laakiin baadari mustaqbalka waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay by dhigata fasalada qarsoodi ah. Oo ma in la qaado si Germany, oo wuxuu aabbihiis, kii qabsaday ku gooyay hawlgabka karin, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo u baxay inuu ka shaqeeyo meeshii laga soo qoday meel u dhow Krakow, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay dhirta kiimikada.

formation

In 1942 Karol ku qoran koorsooyinka waxbarashada guud fiqi seminary, kaas oo si qarsoodi ah ku shaqeeya in Krakow. In 1944, sababo ammaanka Archbishop Stefan Sapieha dhaqaaqay Wojtyla iyo dhowr kale seminarians "sharci darro ah" in maamulka diiniga, halkaas oo ay ka shaqeeyeen gurigii Archbishop ee ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka. Saddex iyo toban ka mid ah luqadaha ugu hadla John Paul II, qofeed oo quduusiin ah, a boqol oo shuqullada falsafada iyo fiqi ahaaneed iyo falsafada, iyo sidoo kale afar iyo toban encyclicals iyo shan buug u qoran by, isaga mid ka mid ah pontiffs ugu iftiimiyey sameeyey.

Adeegaya kaniisadda

Hore ee November 1946 Wojtyla amray svyaschenniki.Bukvalno ah laba maalmood ka dib, oo wuxuu aaday inuu Rome u sii wato waxbarashadiisa fiqi ahaaneed. In 1948 wuxuu difaacay sida uu u sha phD on shuqullada reformate Carmine, mysticism Spain ee qarnigii lix iyo St. John Cross ee ah. Ka dib markii in, Carol guriga ku soo laabtay, GLE ayaa loo magacaabay ku xigeenka in Raktarka ah Negovich tuulada kaniisadda ee koonfurta Poland.

In 1953, at University Jagiellonian ku pontiff soo socda difaacay ay PhD-kale oo mawduucan ku fursado waxbarasho anshaxa Christian ku salaysan nidaamka Scheler anshaxa. Bishii October ee isla sannadkaas bilaabay inuu wax baro fiqiga moral, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan dawladda communist ee Polish xidhay kuliyadda. Wojtyla markaas codsaday in ay keeni waaxda anshaxa at University Catholic ee Ljubljana.

In 1958, Pope Pius XII ballamay darran Bishop ee Archdiocese ee Krakow. Bishii September ee isla sannadkaas uu duwidda. Archbishop of xaflad Lviv sameeyey Bazyak. Laakiin uu dhintay 1962 ka dib, Wojtyla loo doortay Vicar Kapitulna.

Laga soo bilaabo 1962 in 1964 Biography koowaad ee John Paul 2 ula lala Council Labaad Vatican. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay u fadhiyo oo dhan, isugu by markaas baadari John XXIII. In 1967, Pope mustaqbalka waxaa salaan jiifoo-wadaaddada. dhimashada Paul VI ee 1978 ka dib markii, Karol Wojtyla ayaa u codeeyay in conclave ah, iyadoo ay sabab u ah oo uu doortay waxaa Pope John Paul I. Laakiin xaqa ah saddex iyo soddon maalmood ee la soo dhaafay way dhammaadeen. Bishii October 1978 wuxuu qaaday conclave cusub. ka qaybgalayaasha ayaa u kala baxa laba kooxood. Qaar ka mid ah difaacay Archbishop of Genoa Dzhuzeppe Siri, caan views ay muxaafid ah, halka kuwo kale - Giovanni Benelli, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan deeqsi ah. Ha u yimid inuu heshiis ah, ugu danbeyn conclave doortay musharaxa tanaasul noqday Karol Wojtyla ah. At uu goysiga oo carshiga ku le'daan, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay magaca ururka ka horeeyey.

sifooyin

Pope John Paul 2, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa had iyo jeer lagu xiran kaniisadda, wuxuu noqday baadari ee da'da pyatidesyativosmiletnem. Sida uu ka horreeyay, ayuu wuxuu doondoonay inuu fududeeyo pontiff boostada, gaar ahaan, iyada oo u diiday, qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka boqornimada. Tusaale ahaan, ayuu isla hadlay isagoo ah sida baadari, adigoo isticmaalaya yaalka "I", wuu diiday dabaaldega, halkii kaas oo lahaa oo kaliya enthronement. Waxa uu marna soo xirtay tiara ah oo ah addoonkii Ilaah qudhiisu tixgeliyo.

Siddeed jeer John Paul 2 booqday dalkiisa. Waxa uu door weyn ee isbeddelka in dowladda ee Poland ee 1980 ka dhacay oo aan hal shot a. Ka dib markii uu wada hadalka la General Jaruzelski ee la soo dhaafay si nabad ah ku wareejiyay hoggaanka dalka Valencia, mar hore suurtagashay in ay hesho barako le'daan for isbaddal dimuqraadiyadeed.

isku day

Kii saddex iyo tobnaadna May 1981 nolosha John Paul II dhow ka qarxay. isla maalintaas, at St. Square. Peter in Vatican la isaga dilay. Jilaa noqday xubin ka mid ah xag-jirka ah Turkish fog-xaq Mehmet Agca. Argaggixisada dhaawac halis ah pontiff ee caloosha. Kolkiiba ayuu wax la xiray goobta. Laba sano ka dib, aabahay si Agca yimid oo xabsi ah halkaas oo uu ku xukumay xabsi daainka. Dhibbanaha iyo dembiilaha muddo dheer oo ku saabsan wax ka sheegay, laakiin inaad la hadasho oo ku saabsan mawduuca ay wada hadalka, John Paul 2 ma doonayaan in ay, in kastoo, oo uu sheegay in uu isaga u dhaafay.

waxsii

Later, wuxuu garawsannay in rasaas gacanta u qaaday oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah u yimaadeen. Iyo sababta ay noqotay mid saadaasha caanka ah ee Fatima of Mary Virgin ah, kuwaas oo ogaa John. 2 Paul ee wax sii sheegidda ee Our Lady, gaar ahaan, tan dambe ayaa aad u xiiseynaya in uu Nagi uu waxbarasho sanado badan. Dhab ahaantii, saadaasha waxay ahaayeen saddex, mid ugu horeysay waxa ay tilmaamaysaa labadii dagaal aduunka, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa qaab Ta'wiil walaacsan kacaanka ee Russia.

Sida wax sii sheegidda saddexaad ee Maryan oo bikrad ah, ka dibna muddo dheer waxa uu ahaa sumad u ahaa wararka iyo wararka la isla dhexmarayo aan awoodi karo, taas oo aan la yaab leh: Vatican ayaa muddo dheer u haysteen si qarsoodi ah oo qoto dheer. Qaadigu wuxuu ugu sareeya Catholic ayaa xitaa sheegay in ay ku Waari doonaa qarsoodiga ah. Kaliya Pope John Paul 2 qof oo go'aansaday in la furo xujo ah ee la soo dhaafay wax sii sheegidda Fatima. Waxa uu had iyo jeer lagu gartaa falalka geesinimada. Waxaa laga yaabaa in saddex iyo tobnaad, maalintii uu vosmidesyatitrehletiya, wuxuu sheegay in uu ma arkin dhibic ka mid ah baahida loo qabo in loo ilaalin qarsoon ee saadaasha Virgin Mary. Vatican Secretary of State ee guud sheegay in Lucia diiwaan Nuun ah, kuwaas oo sida ilmo oo ahaa Nabad Mary ah. Warbixintu waxay sheegtay in Mary Virgin uu saadaaliyay in uu shahiiday sida ay Pope wuxuu noqon doonaa qarnigii labaatanaad, xataa isku day ah oo ku saabsan John Paul II, argagixiso ku fiican Turkish Ali Agdzhoy.

sano pontificate

In 1982, uu kula kulmay Yasser Arafat. Sannad ka dib, John Paul II booqday Rome ee Lutheran Church. Waxa uu noqday baadari ugu horeeyay ee ay dhicin inay qaado tallaabo this. Bishii December 1989 baadari markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda ee Vatican aqbalo hoggaamiyaha Soofiyeeti. Iyaga jiray Mikhail Gorbachev.

shaqo adag, safaro badan oo dunida ku wiiqi madaxa caafimaadka Vatican ee. In July 1992, pontiff ku dhawaaqay in uu isbitaal soo aaddan. In John Paul II uu helay buro ee mindhicirka, oo wuxuu lahaa in laga saaro. Hawlgalka ayaa ahaa guul, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan pontiff in ay iyada nolol caadi ah ku soo laabtay.

Sannad ka dib, wuxuu u sameeyey hubiyo in u dhexeeya Vatican iyo Israa'iil la aasaasay xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed. Bishii Abriil 1994, pontiff ku sibxaday oo dhacay. Waxaa soo baxay in uu lahaa qoorta bidig jabay. khubaro Independent ayaa sheegaya in ay ahayd markaa in John Paul 2 bilaabay cudurka Parkinson.

Laakiin xitaa cudurkan halista ah ma joojin pontiff ee uu nabadaynta. In 1995, uu cafis weydiistay sharkii in Catholics ee la soo dhaafay ka dhigay Mu'miniinta ee diimaha kale. Ka dib markii sannad iyo badh in ay booqashooyin pontiff hoggaamiyaha Cuba Castro. In 1997, baadari waa uu sii Sarajevo, halkaas oo uu hadal ka hadlay masiibada ka mid ah dagaalkii sokeeye ee dalka in sida oo caqabad ku ah Yurub. Intii lagu guda jiray booqashada, jidka jeer uu motorcade ahaayeen so keeye.

isla sannaddaas, Pope ku gaaray Bologna at ruwaayad dhagax, kaas oo la soo bandhigay sida dhegeyste. Dhawr bilood ka dib, John Paul 2, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka buuxa nabad, uu booqday dhaqatada in ay dhulka communist Cuba. In Havana, kulan uu la yeeshay Castro, wuxuu cambaareeyay cunaqabatayn dhaqaale ka dhanka ah dalka iyo hogaamiyaha maraa liiska saddex boqol maxaabiista siyaasadeed. dulucdii of this booqasho taariikhi noqdo mass in pontiff kharash gareeya ee Square Revolution ee caasimadda Cuba, halkaas oo socday in ka badan hal milyan oo qof. Ka dib bixitaankii Pope ka, maamulka sii daayay ka badan kala bar maxaabiista.

In labada sano kun, Pope ka gaaray Israa'iil, halkaas oo Yeruusaalem joogay Wall Galbeed muddo dheer ku tukanayeen. In 2002, in Dimishiq, John Paul II booqday masjidka. Wuxuu noqonayaa baadari ugu horeeyay, kuwaas oo go'aansaday in ay qaataan tallaabo this.

nabadda

Oo cambaareeyay dagaalka oo dhan iyo si firfircoon iyaga dhaleeceeyo, 1982, intii lagu jiray xiisadda of Islands Falkland ee, pontiff ee uu booqday Boqortooyada Ingriiska iyo Argentina, isaga oo ku boorriyay dalalka kuwaas oo si nabad ka dhigi. In 1991, Pope u cambaareeyay colaadda Gulf reer Faaris ahaa. Markii sanadkii 2003 dagaalka Ciraaq bilaabeen, John Paul 2 Cardinal ka soo Vatican ku saabsan howlgalka nabad Baghdad ah soo diray. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu u duceeyey legate kale wada hadal la dibna US Madaxweyne Bush. Intii uu socday kulanka, uu Ergayga gaadhsiiyey dawladda Maraykanka aragti soofaysan oo halkii xun ee pontiff in ay duulaanka ah ee Ciraaq.

booqashooyinka rususha

John Paul 2 booqday oo ku saabsan mid ka mid boqol iyo soddon wadamada inta lagu guda jiro safarada uu shisheeye. Inta badan oo dhan, ayuu u yimid Poland - siddeed jeer. In Maraykanka iyo France, pontiff waxay ahayd lix booqashada. In Spain iyo Mexico, waxay ahayd shan jeer. Isaga oo safar lahaa ujeeddo isku mid, waayo, iyagu waxa loogu talogalay kor u qaadida sidii loo xoojin lahaa booska uu ka soo galaya oo adduunka ah, iyo sidoo kale in la dhiso xiriir la diimaha kale, iyo gaar ahaan Islam iyo Yuhuudda. Meel Pope ka hadlay kana soo horjeestay rabshadaha, u doodista xuquuqda dadka oo inkira gumaysiga talisnimo.

Guud ahaan, inta uu joogo madaxa Pope Vatican u safray in ka badan hal milyan oo kilomitir. Riyadiisa fulin waayay hadhay safar si dalkeenna. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada wadaag ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo uu booqasho aan suurto gal ahayd. Ka dib markii dayrta oo ka mid ah booqasho Iron daah in kastoo uu siyaasad ahaan suurto gal ah, laakiin markaas u dhaqmeen si ka dhan ah booqashada pontiff ee, ka Church Orthodox Ruush.

dhimashadiisa

John Paul 2 ku dhintay sanad iyo siddeetan shanaad ee nolosha. Kumanaan ka mid ah dadka habeenkii ku qaatay ka Saturday si Sunday labaad ee April 2005 hore ee Vatican-ka, siday ku xasuusta of camal, erayada iyo sanamkii la mid ah ninkan la yaab leh. At Square St. Butros ayaa shiday shumacyo iyo aamusnaanta boqor ku ahaa, inkastoo tirada badan ee baroorta.

aaska

Madaxweynaha oo sagootiyey John Paul II wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah xafladaha ugu caansan ee taariikhda soo dhaafay Dadka. At diimed aaska waxaa ka qayb galay saddex boqol oo kun oo qof, afar milyan oo dad sodcaal ah sameeyaa baadari ilaa nolosha weligeed ah. In ka badan hal bilyan oo Mu'miniinta ee diimaha oo dhan si ay u tukadaan jiifnay ee nafaha dhintay, iyo tirada daawadayaasha kuwaas oo daawaday xafladda on telefishanka, tirin wax aan macquul aheyn. In xasuusta uu qadaadiic xusuus wadanka "John Paul 2" ayaa la sii daayay in Poland.