Turxaan Petroleum, processing hoose iyo kuwa sare oo saliid ah

saliid waxaa fractionated si aad u hesho petroleum laba marxaladood, i.e. muxaadaro petroleum maraa nidaaminta hoose iyo kuwa sare.

Geedi socodka ah ee turxaan hoose

In tallaabadaas, muxaadaro ah waxaa la sameeyaa ka hor fuuqbax iyo desalting saliidda cayriin ee qalabka khaaska ah ee kala ah cusbada iyo nijaasta kale, taasoo keeni karta daxalka of qalab ah iyo in la yareeyo tayada wax soo saarka batroolka. Intaas ka dib, saliid ku jira oo kaliya 3-4 cusbo mg halkii litir oo aan ka badnayn 0.1% biyaha. Shayga diyaar u diyaar u yahay muxaadaro.

Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in Consort oo dareere kulul heerkulka a kala duwan, hantida waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu safeeyo petroleum inay ka jaraan xaggeeda u jajab gaar ah oo leh weji karaya kala duwan. Muxaadaro of sifeeya saliidda ee ugu horeysey ee uu ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in la kala saaro ka jajab ka dib markii sida uu heerkulka: petrol (booguhu at 180 ° C iyo hoos), shidaalka diyaaradaha (booguhu at 180-240 ° C) iyo naaftada (booguhu at 240-350 ° C). From muxaadaro saliidda batroolka weli.

saliid Geedi socodka kala by muxaadaro kul kulul galay jajab (qaybood). Natiijadu waxay tahay a alaabta batroolka badeecadda ama qaybaha ay. turxaan Oil waa marxalad hore ee ay processing at dhirta gaar ah.

Marka kulul, wajiga uumiga waxaa la aasaasay, oo sideeda oo ka mid ah taas oo ka dareeraha kala duwan. jajab Petroleum helay muxaadaro guud ahaan ma aha wax soo saarka saafi ah oo hydrocarbon isku dar. Consort Individual lagu kala sooci karaa oo keliya by muxaadaro badan jajabyada batroolka.

muxaadaro toosan oo saliid ceyriin waa la fuliyay

- Habka uumi flash (ee loo yaqaan muxaadaro hoganaya) ama muxaadaro fudud (muxaadaro jajab);

- leh ama aan lahayn sixitaan;

- isticmaalaya wakiilka evaporating;

- hoos vacuum iyo cadaadiska Hawada.

Hoganaya muxaadaro ka yar si cad u kala saliidda ku shubaa jajab badan muxaadaro fudud. Sayidka ee gobolka uumiga oo isku heerkul ah in kiiska ugu horeeya ee ku dhaqaaqdo saliidda badan ee labaad.

muxaadaro jajab saliidda siinaysaa fursad ah in la helo shidaalka kala duwan (baatrool, shidaalka naaftada iyo shidaalka diyaaradaha), iyo waxyaabaha la cayriin (benzene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, ethylene, butadiene, propylene), qase, iyo alaabooyinka kale ee.

Next waxaa la sameeyaa a alaabta muxaadaro saliid sare hore u helay ka arrinkaas waxa loogu yeero.

Geedi socodka ah ee turxaan sare

turxaan saliid Sare waxaa lagu fuliyaa by cholesterol kiimikada ama kaamerada horseed ee alaabta in soocay ka by muxaadaro saliid hoose. Tani edbiyey qadar weyn oo jajab baatrool, iyo sidoo kale alaabta ceeriin soo saarka ee Consort leedahay beduliyum (toluene, benzene, iyo kuwo kale). farsamada ugu badan waa turxaan sare ee qoslaan saliid.

habka arrinkaas waxaa lagu magacaabaa-heerkulka sare processing oo saliid ah iyo jajab go'doon si aad u hesho ah (inta badan) alaabta halkaas ka yar miisaanka kelli. Waxaa ka mid ah saliidda motor, saliid sifaynta iyo P. m., Alaabta ceeriin for kiimikada iyo warshadaha kiimikada. horumarka arrinkaas ka qaadataa meel la jabsaday bonds C-C iyo formation of xagjirka lacag la'aan ama carbanions. Dillaaca bonds C-C waxaa isku mar la sameeyaa iyadoo dehydrogenation, isomerization, polymerization iyo uumiga ee intermediates iyo qalabka laga bilaabo. The dambe laba hannaan sameeyaan hadhay a dillaac, i.e. jajab karkaraya kor 350 ° C iyo coke.

turxaan Oil habka arrinkaas waxaa xiranayo in 1891 by V. G. Shuhovym iyo Gavrilov S., ka dibna xal injineernimada, kuwaas oo soo noqnoqda W. Barton in dhismaha ugu horreeya ee dhirta Maraykanka.

arrinkaas ayaa waxaa lagu fuliyaa by kulaylinta ah alaabta ceeriin ama Xoojiya, iyo gaadhista heerkulka sare.

Arrinkaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad si loo doorto ka saliidda shidaalka ah qaybaha kale oo muhiim ah.