Warshad Khrunichev: taariikhda, waxyaabaha, cinwaanka

Khrunichev warshad - shirkad keentay aerospace la qarni ah ee taariikhda. Halkan waxaan ku soo saaray baabuurta ugu horeysay gudaha rakaabka, "Russo-Balt", gaadiid gaashaaman, diyaarado ujeedooyin rayidka ah iyo military. Tan iyo markii ay 60s ee, shirkada ku hawlan horumarinta gantaal iyo meel technology.

baabuur labaad

bilowgii qarnigii XX ay astaan u tahay horumarka degdeg ah mashiinada isku gano ah. baabuurta First laga keeno galay Empire Ruush ka soo Germany iyo France. Later, ee Riga, warshadii ugu horaysay la furay wax soo saarka ee baabuurta la matoorada sari gudaha magaca brand "Russo-Balt". Socota gaari qoyska noqday xarunta of Moscow. Plant magacaabay ka dib markii Khrunichev raad taariikhda in 1916, markii Fili bilowday dhismaha warshad labaad gaariga "Russo-Balt".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kacaanka qarxay talada saamileyda. Shirkadda waxa la qarameeyo loona dhammeeyey dhismihii xoogga cusub. In 1921 geedka waxaa magacooda loo baxshay gawaardia 1aad oo ka tageen in la ilaalinayo Broneupravleniya Army Red. Sannad ka dib, 5 baabuurta ugu horeysay dhoolatus hore ee hoggaanka Kremlin ka gudbay.

First of dhan diyaarado

Waxaase xusid mudan, furitaanka guul shirkadu sabab u ahayd markii uu qaab beddelidda. Waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay soo saaraan oo ku saleysan awoodda wax soo saarka farsamada more - diyaaradaha dhan-birta. Tan iyo dugsiga design gudaha jihada this ahayd warshad Khrunichev ee 1923 dhaliyay shirkadda Jarmal "Junkers". The model taxane ugu waaweyni waxay ahaayeen diyaarado iftiin Ju-20 gaadiidka iyo sahan versions.

In 1925, soo kabsadaan ka dagaalkii sokeeye, dhaqaalaha, hore ayaa loo ogol yahay in ay soo saaraan diyaaradaha u gaar ah. Heshiiskii aan la galnay "Junkers" la joojiyay, iyo 1927 shirkadda la habayn galay geedka №7 (ka dib -. in №22 guuradii 10-kii October) ee. Laga soo bilaabo in Plant Khrunichev ee Moscow noqdo saaraha ugu horumarsan ee diyaaradaha ee dalka. Muddo gaaban waxaa la dhisay workshops cusub, diyaariyeen shaqaalaha xirfad tacliin heer sare.

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Ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, shirkadda soo saarta tiro balaadhan oo ah diyaarad. mid kowaad wuxuu ahaa diyaarad ah soo ilaalayn dhismaha oo dhan-biraha Tupoleva P-3 (Ant-3). By guga ee 1929, warshadda soo saaray 79 baabuur. Tan iyo 1928, in lala soo ururiyey polutoraplany dagaalka ee I-4 (Ant-5) gaar ah in ay muddada TB-1 fasalka Qarax culus (Ant-4). Bishii February 1932, ayuu kacay oo cirka isku qarxiyay culus TB-3 (Ant-6).

By diyaarad P-6 (version yar ee TB-1) markii ugu horeysay lagu baaro by North Pole ka hor laga beerto duulaan Papanin. Marka ay dhamaato oo ka mid ah 30 ayaa noqday ugu weyn hore SB qarxiyay xawaaraha (Ant-40), ayaa soo saaray 5695 unugyada. Ka hor dagaalka, model ah guul qarxiyay quusto PE-2 waxaa la soo saaray.

Tan iyo bilowgii dagaalkii Great Patriotic, dhirta Khrunichev ku wareegay si ay u cusboonaysiiyaan diyaaradaha dhaawacan. Isla naqshadeeye fiican Il'yushin danbeeyay IL-4 (3F-DB), kaas oo noqday qofkii ugu weyn iyo toorbiidyo. In 1942 Tupolev Tu-2 horumariyo, kaas oo noqday model aasaasiga ah ee shirkada. By dhammaadkii dagaalkii adduunka ee labaad ee 1700 baabuurta waxaa laga soo saaray.

In 1946 geedka waxaa lagu aaminay in ay u yaqaaniin wax soo saarka ee qarax jet Tupolev Tu-daydo 12 iyo Tu-14. Tan iyo 1949, wax soo saarka ugu weyn yihiin diyaaradaha ee ujeedada istiraatiiji ah. Ka mid ah iyaga,

• "Dayuurada qalcaddayda" Tu-4 (1950);
• nuclear M-4 (1953) side qarxiyay,
• 3M (beddelid ee M-4 la matoorrada wanaagsan) (1956);
• Qarax Waxyeelo chetyrohdvigatelny M-50A (1959).

missilery

Ciidamada Mareykanka ee 60 sano lagu gano Intercontinental ballistic (in ka badan 900 rido) nooc oo ah "Titan-1", "Titan-2" iyo "Minuteman-1", oo awood u leh bixinta madaxyada nukliyeerka si ay dhulka USSR ah, jawaabta loo baahan yahay. March 30, 1963 soo saaray amar ah oo ku saabsan dhismaha Ruush ICBMs UR-100 Chelomeya horumarinta VN si ay iyaga ku beeri. MV Khrunichev in Fili.

nidaamka Gantaalaha UR-100 iskuna kala duwan cusub ee xal sayniska, farsamada iyo injineernimada, iyo in 1967 waxaa la ansixiyay. Sanadihii qaar ka mid ah, tirada guud ee ICBM UR-100 iyo wax ka bedelida ay koox SMF gaadhay 1000 unugyada.

"Rokot"

By hore 90 ayaa waxaa loo baahan yahay ee la dhigaayo ah gantaalaha khafiifa dhaqaale. On warshad Khrunichev la aaminay shaqada on saarka ee gaadiidka loogu talagalay furayey ganacsi ee pride isticmaalayso laga saaray adeegga Rs-18 istiraatiiji ah gantaalaha ballistic, ganacsi laga heli karaa warshadda.

adag Daah-for gantaal side cusub, loogu magac daray "Rokot", waxaa la soo jeediyey in la dhiso xarunta meel Plesetsk. kaabayaasha hore u jiray la beddelka yar loo ogol yahay in ay isticmaalaan qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah iyo hababka farsamada dhismaha furitaanka.

maalin maanta

Warshad Khrunichev waa goobta waalidka ee FSUE "Khrunichev ah. Khrunichev, "oo ay ku jiraan tiro ka mid ah xafiisyada design iyo shirkadaha ganacsiga meesha bannaan ee. gantaallo buusterka class "proton" noqday astaanta geedka. Waxaa sidoo kale horumarinta tiro ka mid ah mashaariicda rajo, ugu weyn ee kaas oo ah qoys ka kooban gantaalada-fasalka culus "Angara". warshadda ayaa sidoo kale soo kulmin pride kala duwan (SC), waxaa ku lug lahaa mashaariicda caalamiga ah. Ka mid ah iyaga,

• fog satellite Satlaytaka "Monitor-E";
• satalayt isgaarsiinta yar "KazSat";
• madal boos midaysan "doonni";
• "Muuji";
• satellite isgaarsiinta "Nimiq";
• nidaamka isgaarsiinta "Iridium";
• stage sare ee wada-hawlgalayaasha 12KRB Hindiya,
• qayb ka mid ah nidaamka gantaalaha KSLV-1 ee South Korea.

Ka mid ah mashruuca kacaan - horumarinta adag gantaal meel dabiici ah oo amaan ah "Baiterek". Warshad Khrunichev uu leeyahay cinwaanka soo socda: Moscow, 121087, wadada Novozavodskaya 18.