Tribune dadka. The asal iyo shaqada

Waa wax qarsoodi ah in nidaamka siyaasadeed iyo sharci casriga ah ee dalal badan oo Yurub ah ayaa la dhisay on nooca Roman qadiimiga ah. sharciga Roman noqday saleysan qaab Romance sharciga ah - waxa loogu yeero xuquuqda nepretsedentnogo riyaaqay by badh wanaagsan awoodaha casri ah, oo ay ku jiraan Russia. Tani qaab sharci ah waa sida soo socota: marka hore, xeerka, markaas tusaale. Taasi waa fal aan lagu sheegin qaabka sharciga ah ee gobolka, ma aha dembi. On oo dhan, oo awel hore Rome lahaa saamayn weyn ku dunida. Qaado mid ah Latin ah, kala duwanaansha dhabta ah kuwaas oo luqado badan Western Yurub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maanta waxaan ka hadli doonaa wax yar oo ku saabsan arrin kale in ay noogu dhacay ka Qarniyadii foom xoogaa dib u habaynta. Oo magiciisa - Tribune ah. Aan ka hadalno dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan.

Waa maxay Tribune dadka?

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Rome ugu horeysay laga saaray by boqorradii, ka dibna qunsiliyadda guud ah - diktratory dhabta ah, ka dibna la dhiso oo beddelay si Imperial, in nidaamka siyaasadeed ee qadiimiga Rome ayaa waxaa had iyo jeer soo bandhigaan element ah ee dimuqraadiyadda.

Tribune dadka - waa meel la doorto dhex plebeians ah. Waxa uu ku hawlan ilaalinta iyo bacdi ee murugaysan ee. Eraygii Latin, taas oo Tribune ugu baaqay in ay awood - potestas sacrosancta, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "awood helay quduusnaanta ruuxi ah."

Wiilashii boqorradii ugu horreeyey ee Rome - - Sheekada booskiisa dib u patricians qadiimiga khilaafka tagaa oo plebeians ah, in waa mid fudud .. deggan Rome. Marka hore, ee Senate waxay ahaayeen patricians kaliya, plebeians ma fursad u leeyihiin inay la doortay si ay u, oo dhab ahaantii booska fasalka hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo ay xayiraad sharci, dadka qaar ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah ay awoodaan si ay u helaan hodan si qaalisan (xagga hantida) noblemen, markaa si ay kordhaan saamaynta ay ku wareegyada laandheere. Mararka qaarkood ee Rome rabshado plebeian qarxay, taasoo keentay ma aha oo kaliya in ay dhibaato dad badan, laakiin sidoo kale waqti of hoos u dhac dhaqaale oo ay sabab u tahay burburka uu keeno inta lagu guda jiro kacdoonka.

In Rome waxaa jiray Tribune dadka?

Si loo baajiyo cadaadiska dhiigga plebeian bulshada Senate joogto ah ayaa lagu qasbay in la dhiso post ee Tribune dadka, doorta "plebeians plebeians." Tani waxa ay saameyn weyn ku nidaamka oo dhan, qadiimiga Rome oo dhan. Tribune The qayaxan yaabaa go'aanka ka mid ah Senate, taas oo, in uu aragtida, ku xadgudbin plebeians ah, lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu xukumi dadka ku caayay ku maamuus iyo derejo ah ee dadka caadiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale lahaa lama taabtaan shakhsiyeed. Sidaas darteed, muddo ka dib ciidamada beesha plebeian iyada oo dowlada sida ee Senate, ololeeyay xaafadaha go'aan isla'egta, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dibna Tribune dadka kama dayn inay ka jiraan. Waxa uu noqday ku lug leh arrimaha dadka caadiga ah: masaakiinta, qastaan, ee farsamo ee hab suubban, iyadoo aan loo eegin ay asal ahaan. Eraygii Latin, taas oo Tribune la mid ah macaamiisha uu yaqaan - patronum, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "gargaare." Doorashada booska fuliyay laba marxaladood: marka hore, curiata comitia kasta doortay ay musharax, ka dibna codsadayaasha waa la soo xulay ee comitia tributa.

hay'ad bulshada Modern axdiga uugu tribunes ah

mabaadi'da The on taas oo Tribune ee dadka ka shaqeeya in aannu mar bixitaankii hay'adaha madaniga ah ee xuquuqda aadanaha. Tusaale ahaan, wadamo badan, oo ay ku jiraan in Russia, halkaas waa Guddoomiyaha a aagga this - Ombudsman ah, kuwaas oo ka mid ah waajibaadka ilaalinta iyo la socodka xuquuqda aadanaha ee gobolku. Sidaas daraaddeed isagu wuxuu sameeyaa wixii uu sameeyey oo uu Tribune markii dadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodaha ombudsman casriga ah si weyn loo carqaladeeyey la tiradaasi a Roman marka la barbar dhigo, isagu ma diido karo, ma ku raaxaysan difaac iyo waxa uu xaq u lahayn hindise sharci-dejinta. Its function kaliya - control of masuuliyiinta dawladda iyo, in ay dhacdo ah ee xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, bilow ah ee maxkamadda, taas oo ah, hindisaha waxa loogu yeero garsoorka. Sharci ahaan, Ombudsman ma ku xiran yahay mid ka mid ah laamaha xoogga, mana dejinta midna fulinta midna garsoorka.

Waxaan rajaynaynaa in aad ka soo baratay badan oo cusub oo xiiso leh, iyo macluumaad this ahaa waxtar kuu.