Spratly Islands: photo, taariikhda, aqoonsiga, wakhtiga firaaqada ah. Battle at Spratlys (1988)

Spratly Islands - jasiiradaha yar ee South badda Shiinaha ee. Waxay muddo dheer noqday mawduuca muran u dhexeeya dhawr dalalka, ayaa muddo dheer isku dayayaan in ay qabsadaan. The meelaha ugu quruxda badan ee adduunka ayaa noqotay dhibic ka mid ah dagaalka, khilaafaadka qadhaadh ka mid ah waddamada.

geolocation

In South Badda Shiinaha ka badan 400 dhagaxyada kala duwan, Qoryaale iyo hay'adaha kale, oo ay ku jiraan 200 oo ka mid ah jasiiradaha Spratly ah. jasiiradaha intaas oo dhammu waxay soo jeedo asal ahaan shacaab. Waxay ku yar yihiin yar iyo weynba. Sare ma aha in ka badan 6 mitir. Marka formation jasiiradda ka mid ah ayaa loo yaqaan Coral Island.

Spartli Islands waa in South badda Shiinaha ee. badda Tani - meel semi-ku lifaaqan ee Badweynta Pacific, oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa xeebaha Asia, pool, Indochina iyo Malay Peninsula ah, ee Sumatra, Kalimantan, Palawan, Mindoro iyo Taiwan. Badda South China waa jasiiradaha hodan. Dhow yihiin dhowr duulimaad ugu weyn markab oo adduunka ah. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta sayniska ee ku yaala goobahan yihiin kaydka u xoog badan oo ah saliidda iyo gaaska. Waxa ay ahayd markii hore badda waa shay istiraatiiji ah, maxaa yeelay, biyahoodu xeebaha oo ka mid ah lix awoodaha waaweyn maydhaa.

asalka ah ee jasiiradaha

Inta badan jasiiradaha - waxaa daadadku shoals Goyiim, Qoryaale, dabna dhagax, nacay nolosha aadanaha, iyo sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay dhibaato khatar ah, waayo, weelasha badda. Laakiin marka la eego istaraatiijiga ah iyo siyaasadeed, kuwaas oo jasiiradaha yaryar leeyihiin ahmiyad weyn dunida oo dhan. Ka dib markii ay iyagu hantida u ogolaanaya ka-milkiilaha gobolka in ay sheegan ma aha oo kaliya on isu jasiiradaha, laakiin sidoo kale on bannaan ee biyaha ku xeeran, oo ay ku jiraan khayraadka. Ilaa iyo dhamaadka ee 70s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay u Qoryaale dhagax Abaar iyo gasiiradaha xiiso walba oo uu ka maqnaa.

aagga Spratly Islands - waa meel ka mid ah oo ku saabsan 180,000 kilomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Iyada oo arrintan ka mid ah dhulka laftiisa waa wax yar oo kaliya in ka badan 10 mitir oo laba jibbaaran. Kiiloomitir, oo ay ku jiraan mararka qaar u muuqan on dusha sare ee waxbarashada badda. Waxay ku taallaa Spratly Islands fotokotoryh soo bandhigay maqaal ah, koonfurta Paracel jasiiradaha 500 kiiloomitir. Tiradoodu ma aha joogto ah, waxay ku xiran tahay waqtiyada cimilada iyo hir. waxbarashada All firidhsan yihiin badda ee foomka dherer ARC ee ku dhow 1000 kilomitir ah. laga saaro "ayuu qaaradda":

• Kalimantan - 30 km.
• Palawan - 60 km.
• Vietnamese Cam Ranh dekedda - 460 km.
• jasiiradda Chinese ah Hainan - 970 km.

bogagga taariikhda

Taariikhda Islands Spratly waa:

• Back ee '59 BC si rasmi ah waxaa loo sameeyey sheegidii ugu horraysay ee taariikhyahanadu Chinese ah oo ku saabsan jasiiradaha, taas oo markaas noqday geographers yaqaan of qoyskii Han ah.
• Kaliya ee 1211, jasiiradaha markii ugu horaysay la qabtay on map ee Shiinaha.
• In 1405, Navigator Chinese caanka Chzhen wuxuu gaadhay iyo booqday tiro ka mid ah jasiiradaha.
• In 1478 burbureen Markab china ku Qoryaale ah jasiiradaha.
• In 1530, sahamisa Alvarez De Albuquerque Diegos soo diray in search of jidka Shiinaha. Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu booqday jasiiradaha galbeedka jasiiradaha.
• In deegaanka this ee 1606dii reer Spain Andreas De Pessora oo ku baaqay in uu helay jasiiradda - Santa Esmeralda Pekuena. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah fadhiyaa bed ah, jasiiradaha Spratly ah.
• Qarnigii 17aad, "Waddooyinkiisa Card ee Dhulalka Southern" Ilaa Va xuso Islands Spratly ah, loo yaqaan "ciid jaalaha ah" waxa loola jeedaa gobolka Chinese Kuangigay. Ka dib markii in, Nguyen guri ammaan talada haya uu bilaabo inuu sannad kasta si ay xeebaha jasiiradaha 18 ka mid ah Maraakiibta ay soo diraan.
• On ku salaysan qoraalada taariikhiga ah Chinese soo bandhigay xog shukaansi in 1710 dib, dhawaaqo lahaanshaha Spratly Islands Shiinaha. Isla mar ahaantaana on Island North dhisay macbudka yar IST Key.
• In 1714 saddex Markab Holland waxaa galaafatay xeebaha Spratlys ah. Vietnamese kalluumaysatada badbaadiyay kooxda. Holland ayaa soo bandhigay in ashtakooday boqorka, ka dibna guriga soo diray.
• boqor ee qoyskii Nguyen ku sheegtay in "Company Hoang Sa" for isticmaalka biyaha jasiiradaha South badda Shiinaha ee. Maraakiibta ku lug shirkadda oo dhan jasiiradaha ay helaan 6 jeer sanadkii.
• Laga soo bilaabo 1730kii in 1735 sano, burcad isticmaalo Islands Spratly sida saldhig bilowdaan weerarada on by Holland, Ingiriiska iyo Markabka Portuguese marayay. In 1735, British baabbi'in buul burcad badeeda ee jasiiradaha.
• In muddo ah ka 1758 si ay u 1768 inta lagu jiro Admiral Faransiiska Sharl Ektor Théoden booqday Vietnam si ay u isticmaalaan jasiiradaha Spratly ka dhigto baabuurta ay. Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu Hagidda joogitaanka qoryaha of shubay Yurub laga qaaday Markabka burbursan ee jasiiradaha xeebaha.
• Taariikhyahan Le Ki Don ee 1784 siinayaa description cusub ee Jasiirada Maldives ah.
• Sanadii 1786dii, Generalissimo Tay Wiilka siinayaa si ay u bilaabaan raadinaya jasiiradaha oo dahab ah, iyo lacagta, iyo qoryaha laga maraakiibta godan, iyo sidoo kale iibsiga kalluunka dhif iyo qolofka of qoolley. Ujeedada this qoondeeyey 4 maraakiibta.
• In 1791, jasiiradda British Captain Henry Spratly bixisaa waxbarasho dhowr. Them uu magiciisa si rasmi ah siinayaa.
• In 1798, jasiiradda ah jasiiradaha Spratly ah, British ah Jaha munaarad daawashada ah. jajabkiisa weli ka jiraan.
• In 1816, Emperor Gia Long ee Vietnam si rasmi ah naadiyey bannaanideeda iyo xukumaan Islands Spratly ah.
• In muddo ah ka 1835 in 1847 sano, xusuusanayaa Islands Paracel iyo Spratly Islands waxaa la helay iyagoo ku celcelis ah in dukumentiyada oo ka mid ah taliyayaasha Vietnamese. Xaaladdan oo kale, ma jiraan wax caddeyn ah jasiiradaha ka tirsan Shiinaha.
• In 1847, ee Emperor of China soo saartay amar ah oo ku saabsan maamulka dalka degganaa oo ka mid ah maraakiibta dagaalka Spratly si ay u sahamiyaan aaggaas.
• In 1848, King difaacaneysa ee Nam Ha Vietnamese abuuraa ciidankii milatariga yar si ay ula socdaan waxqabadka maraakiibta shisheeye ee gasiiradaha ha ka.
• taariikhyahan Faransiis Dubois de Jancigny ee 1850 ka marag furaa in guddiga on gasiiradaha Boqorka Vietnam.
• In the "Qormo ku saabsan taariikhda Vietnam," Nguen Chong in 1876 sheegaye jasiiradaha sida ay leeyihiin dalalka boqortooyada.
• On jasiiradda of tusaaale Amboyna Faransiis dhisay 1887.
• Xeebta ee jasiiradaha ee 1895, burbureen laba markab oo ay ku raran yihiin copper. Xamuulka doondoono, oo waxay qaadan dadka degan jasiiradda Hainan. UK note of dibad in ay hoggaanka dalka Shiinaha soo diro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu helo jawaab ay meesha burburkii ka dhacay, iyadoo Shiinaha ma kiiska, iyo dowladda Shiinaha ayaa mas'uul ka ah waxa ka dhacaya Islands Spratly ma aha.
• In 1898, ee saxiixa heshiiska Spanish-American ku qeexan yihiin soohdimaha rasmiga ah ee Philippines, iyo meesha Spratly ah kuma jirto.
• In 1901, Japan si qasab ah ku qabtoba Dongsha Island, iyo in 1908 waxaa ka iibin Shiinaha.
• In 1906 wuxuu daabacay "Hagaha Juqraafiga of China", kaas oo si cad u qeexay xuduudaha ee dalka. Spratly Islands kuma jiraan.
• Bishii June 1909, oo ahaa taliyihii gobolladiisa oo Chinese ah Guangdong iyo Guangxi gunboats military oo gasiiradahana soo diray in ay qabsadaan.
• duulaan Faransiis ee 1925 ayaa xaqiijiyay in Islands Paracel qayb ka mid ah Gobolka Vietnam yihiin.
• Faransiiska "De Lanessan" waxaa loo dirayaa xeebaha jasiiradaha Spratly ah si ay u sahamiyaan ku fadhiyaa bed iyo kaydka ee phosphates.
• In 1930, by si jasiiradda of Indochina Governor General Spratly naadiyey territory Faransiis.
• In 1933, waxaa jira shaqo ciidamada of tiro ka mid ah jasiiradaha ee South Badda Shiinaha ka, oo ay ku jiraan Spratly ah.
• Bishii December 1933, jasiiradaha Spratly ka mid ah gobolka Cochin Shiinaha (China). Spratly Island la magacaabay Nansha.
• Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee dalka Japan bishii March 1939 ku dhawaaqay Spratly Islands territory Japan. Bishii Abriil, dibad ka dhanka France, taas oo muujinaysa in ay xaq u leeyihiin inay dalka.
• In 1945, Japan ka tagaa ay sheegan in Spratlys ah. A ciidamada Chinese degay jasiiradaha ku andacoonaya of hub ka dhigista ee ciidamada Japan.
• In 1947, waxay u sheegeen dibad rasmi ah Dowladda Faransiiska ee Shiinaha oo ku saabsan shaqo-darrada ah ee Islands Spratly ah. Laakiin bishii December, amar ku tagaa on jasiiradaha shaqo kooxaha jasiiradda Paracel iyo magacyada Chinese Spratly of Xisha iyo Nansha Islands, siday u kala horreeyaan. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waxay ku jiraan Shiinaha.
• In 1950, Ciidamada Dowladda Shiinaha ayaa ka tagi jasiiradda, qarinayaan in Taiwan.
• Xukuumadda Philippine ayaa sheegtay lahaanshaha jasiiradaha ee 1951. dibad Shiinaha. Xukuumadda Vietnamese Bao Daya leeyahay ay heystaan. Isla mar ahaantaana, Japan ayaa gabi ahaanba ka baxay sheegashada ay.
• In 1956, waxaa jiray dagaallo siyaasadeed iyo ciidan oo u dhexeeya Filibiin, China, Vietnam. France wargeliyo xuquuqda sharciga ah si ay u Islands Spratly ah.
• Lix dal oo ka hor 1974 waxay ahaayeen muranka lahaanshaha ee jasiiradaha. jasiiradaha kala duwan u dhaqaaqay gobolo kala duwan.
• Bishii Janaayo 1974, qaraxii ugu horeeyay ee ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah jasiiradaha ka soo Shiinaha ayaa la dhigay. Dawladdu waxay Vietnamese ayaa codsaday gargaar ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markaasuu madaxa wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda Vietnamese ka codsaday Maraykanka.
• Ilaa 1988, waxaa jiray kaaftoomi yar ka badan kala qeybinta dhulka jasiiradaha ee South badda Shiinaha ee. In 1984, Brunei biiray in khilaafaadka.
• In 1988, colaadaha hubaysan dhacay. Battle for Islands Spratly ka dhacay intii u dhaxaysay ciidamada ee Shiinaha iyo Vietnam degaanka ee jabalo group Johnson ku Spratly Islands. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa lagu dilay 70 badmaax oo Vietnamese. The Battle of Islands Spratly ee 1988 waxa uu noqday ugu dhimashada badnaa muddo dhan muran iyo sheegashooyinka. Tirada askarta Chinese dhintay ayaa la aasaasay.
• Ka hor 1996, waxay ahaayeen dhulkooda Majar. Bishii Janaayo 1996, waxaa jiray dagaal madaafiic ah oo u dhexeeya Philippine iyo maraakiibta dagaalka ee Shiinaha.
• Weli muran dhul ma joojin, laakiin wareegay dabcan nabad ah.

Muranka badan Spratly ah

murannada dhuleed, kaas oo noqday xarunta jasiiradda Spratly ah, waxaa iska leh State ah, ayaa ku salaysan sababo kala duwan, ugu weyn ee oo kala ah:

• ujeedooyinkooda geopolitical.
• Control of waddooyinka gaadiidka.
• Joogitaankeeda gobolka.
• Expansion soohdintooda ah oo aag dhaqaale.
• Barashada dhan Khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka.

Xaaladdan oo kale, oo kacafin buuxda iskaa wax u qabso ah Spratlys ah ma laha wax qorshe si ay u sameeyaan gobolka wax u codsaneynin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gobolka cusub, isagoo sheegay danaheeda in jasiiradaha. Tani waa Mareykanka, danta dalka - saliid. All jasiiradaha waxaa loo tixgeliyaa la filayo hydrocarbons.

Control of jasiiradaha

Waqtigan xaadirka ah in South badda Shiinaha ee, xaalad adag. in lays ee ciidamada iyo siisa tiro ka mid ah Islands Spratly waa:

• Shiinaha ilaalisana sagaal fadhiyaa bed ah jasiiradaha.
• Rugo askareed ee Vietnam degeen on 21 jasiiradda.
• Filibiin isa soo taagaan si ay 8 Islands.
• Malaysia 3 gacanta ku jasiiradda.
• On ugu wayn jasiirada Taypindao yihiin ciidamada ee Taiwan.
• Jasiiradaha kale sii free (xad).

Codsiga of "Law badda"

Hadda oo kaliya "Law badda" aan awoodi karin si loo ogaado xaaladda jasiiradaha. Haddaba waxaa "shaqo wax ku ool ah". In uu yahay, sharciga dalka kasta oo dunida ka yar waxa uu xaq u lahayn in ay sheegan zone dhaqaale ee biyaha gobolleed ama in lagu soo qabto shelf ku xiga. Tani waa suuragal ah keliya haddii dejinta ee jasiiradaha iyo sii wadida hawlaha ay dhaqaale. Laakiin inta badan jasiiradaha, kuwaas oo aad u yaryar ama xilliyo daadadku by wixii aan aan ka hadli karaa ay yimaadaan.

iska hor imaad dejinta

Taasi waa sababta 1994, tallaabooyinka loogu dejinta si nabad ah isku dhaca lagu sameeyay. Waxaa la ansixiyay qaraar ku saabsan ansixinta Heshiiska Qaramada Midoobay. Vietnam iyo Shiinaha u timaadeen inaad oggolaansho ah ka imanaaya, go'aansaday inuu ka jawaabo su'aalo ku saabsan xukunka Islands Spratly ah in dib loo dhigo muddo 50 sano ah. Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay si wadajir ah la horumariyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ku salaysan laba geesood ah.

Dhismaha jasiiradaha aan dabiici ahayn

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Beijing rasmiga ah ayaa kor u qaadeen dadaalladooda si ay u horumariyaan shelf ah tan iyo 2002dii. Work bilaabay on dhismaha jasiiradaha aan dabiici ahayn. Tani waa card buunka isku dhacnay waddamada kale ee. Indeed, repopulating jasiiradaha, Shiinaha heli doontaa awood u taliya.

jasiiradaha Artificial in Spratly ah jasiiradaha - Jannada loogu talagalay dalxiisayaasha. Laakiin ilaa hadda ay deggan oo kaliya ciidamada. Shiinaha si tartiib ah u kordhiyaa aagga of "ay" jasiiradaha ee South badda Shiinaha ee. qaababka ay u adkeysan dhismayaasha kasta oo awood u yeelan doonaan. Shiinaha waa neerfaha ku saabsan Maraykanka Ilaah ciyaaro, samaynaya ostrovostroitelstvom jeestay atoll dhagax qabtay oo gasiiraddii joogtay oo qurxoon, oo xeebaha bacaadka cad iyo meelaha cagaaran. On mid ka mid ah jabalo hore dhisay beero-runway iyo aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo. On jasiiradaha macmal hore u leedahay 4 of Airporka ah.

Marka laga reebo ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed ee dhismaha jasiiradaha, Shiinaha eryanayn danaha dhaqaale. abuurista jasiiradaha macmal ah awood u siin doona Shiinaha in ay soo saaraan sheegashada gaar ah in dhul-badeedka gudahood 200 miles. Maraykanka ayaa sheegay in Shiinaha aanay u aqoonsan jasiiradaha macmal ah South badda Shiinaha ee 2012, laakiin ma tallaabooyin ammaanka halkaas.

Haddaba iyadoo la kaashanayo kordhay macmal ah dalka Shiinaha waxa ay awood u ballaariyo tirada ay by 1.5 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Kordhinta degaanka ee jasiiradda ogolaan doonaa ugu danbeyn ku biiro Qoryaale deriska ah, fadhiyaa bed iyo jasiiradaha.

Marka la eego natiijada Shiinaha ee shaqada waxaa jira dareen ah in fasax Spratly Islands dalxiisayaasha awoodaan in ay bixiyaan Naciimo dhamaystiran noqon doonaa. Haddii dhismaha gasiiradaha ha ka gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa, marka dhan kaabayaasha lagama maarmaanka u ah tiirka raaxo leh, Spratly noqon doonaa "Mecca" dalxiiska dunida. Intaa waxaa dheer, cimilada iyo Islands geolocation kulmaan dhammaan shuruudaha meeshaas fasax fiican.