Soojiidashada Newfoundland jasiiradda: taariikhda, cimilada

Magaca jasiiradda Newfoundland in turjumaad ka soo English ka dhigan tahay "dalka cusub ee ay heleen." Waxay ku taalaa ee North Atlantic ah, xeebaha bari ee Kanada. Strait cidhiidhsan of Belle Ile ku kala baxaan qarkiisa koonfurta Labrador Peninsula ah, Newfoundland bariga Badweynta Atlantic ah, ee West ah - Gulf of St. Lawrence. awowayaashiis Indian bilaabay si ay u degaan waxa ku jira xitaa qarnigii waxaan ka, iyo reer Yurub - toban sano ka dib markii la ogaaday of America by Columbus. Laakiin mana ay toona kalena ay awood uma yeelan inuu ku guuleysto, iyo jasiiradda weli la hadhay ay duurjoogta ah muuqaalka asalka ah, dadka la siiyo oo keliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah dhulalka ay baaxad weyn.

marka hore Yurub

Waxaa jira caddaymo taariikhiga caddaynaya inuu jasiiradda Newfoundland ayaa booqday Norman Vikings qarnigii line. Taariikhyahanada ayaa aaminsan in xore, Iceland waxay ahayd uu call Wineland iyo Labrador Peninsula - Markland. Waxaa laga yaabaa in hiddaha iyo hindiga, laakiin dhulka ee jasiiradda of Newfoundland, hadhaagii baadiyaha Norman soo kicisid, taas oo ah calaamad aan maxalliga ah iyo ka yar tahay ilaalinta UNESCO sida dejinta ugu horeysay ee Yurub ee Hemisphere Galbeed.

Horeba maalmaha kuwa meesha lagama goostay: halkan ku noolaa awoowayaasha Indians iyo ESKIMOSKA, kuwaasoo ahaa kuwii ay Viking oo ku baayacmushtaray fikirka yar oo ku saabsan daahfurtay juquraafi. qandho Tani dambe bilaabay.

Age of sodcaalladoodii weyn

Waxa aan noqon lahaa qalad ah in la yiraahdo jasiiradda Newfoundland iyo xeebta Labrador furay ruuxa jabin karin is-adeegaya cajiib Yurub. In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XV ku yimid hannaankii ay u safraan India ka mid ah awoodaha EU hadda via awood Western Hemisphere. First anna waxaan ku tegey search of Columbus a si fiican u yaqaan oo yimid qaaradda cusub - Spain helay gumeysi ugu taajirsan.

Helay oo ku saabsan guusha arag sida, baayacmushtariyaasha Bristol go'aansadeen in ay qalabeeyaan uu duulaan gaar ah - rajeynayaa inay dalka soo barakaysan, ka buuxaan dhir udgoon oo dahab ah oo qaali ah gaaraan, weli cabbay badan oo gool. Tan iyo markii ay jirto taageero jirin gobolka, Henry VII ee, ma laga heli laga yaabaa in lagu daro English, boqorku wuxuu ku dhacdo barako, ganacsi ma ku faani karin baaxadda ballaaran.

helitaanka Newfoundland

In May 1497 ka markab ee Bristol xoortay markabka amray by sahamisa Ingiriisi ah oo asal ahaan Talyaani John Cabot (Dzhovanni Kaboto), kaas oo, by wuuna ballaadhan yahay, helay jasiiradda of Newfoundland for Yurub. Markabkan oo la odhan jiray "Matayos", iyo guddiga waxaa jiray dad keliya 18 koox - sida muuqata on qabanqaabiyayaasha boolidii ma tirin, iyo ujeedada duulaan ahaa oo kaliya sahan dhul ah. Ka dib faqri badda kaliya muddo bil ka badan, Cabot gaareen xeebaha waqooyi ee jasiiradda Newfoundland ee June 1497. Stepping on dhulka iyo waxa odhanaya ah hantidii taaj Ingiriisi ah, qofka socotada ah u sii socotay oo xeebta, helay kalluunka hodan Banks Grand ah, "wareegi jireen" agagaarka jasiiradda muddo bil ah, dib bay u noqdeen, oo mar horeba August 6 gaaray England.

Cabot keenay dareenka sidii dhiiri: Yabaynaa, qabow, ma aha waxaan kalluunka. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay in wararka sheegaya safarka ah ee wakhtigaas gudubyadaas qarsoodiga qarsoodiga - ninna ma doonayay in ay ku wadaagaan macluumaadka, ka baqaya ay intrigues ee tartamaya. Sidaa darteed, caddaymo ku haray waa mid aad u yar. Waxaan soo gaadhay Dzhon Kabot Labrador ama ma, lama yaqaan, waayo qaarkood.

murannada dhuleed

Marka tan la eego, British ah outdid Portuguese: saarney ay magaca ka Hoeyo Fernandes Lavrador helay ( «lavradore» - iyadoo nin oday reer Portugal.). In 1501, Newfoundland yimid dalkiisa uu hogaaminayo Gaspar Korterealem. Monument in Navigator weli taagan mid ka mid ah St. John ee deegaanka, xarunta maamulka gobolka ee (1965, taalada la soo bandhigo in tababaraha reer Portugal, nostalgic ee uu la soo dhaafay badda weyn).

Muddo dheer gayiga ee jasiiradda of Newfoundland si dhab ah mid ka mid ma sheegtay, waxa la degganaa ku soo ururiya qabiilooyinkiinna wadaniga ah ee Indians iyo Inuit, iyo sidoo kale booqday reer Portugal, France, Ireland iyo Ingiriiska. Waxay ku baayacmushtaray maxaliga ah, isdhaafsiga pelts ay qiimo of oorso yar oo xeeb ku nool, afaer, iyo xayawaanka kale ee dhogorta-sita, ku hawlan kalluumaysiga iyo ugaarsiga.

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVI ee koonfurta-galbeed ee nibiriyada badda ugaadhsado oo sooba Faransiis ah, iyo in ku-North East ayaa ku hawlan ganacsiga by British ah. jasiirad ka tirsan languidly tartamay ee gobolo kala duwan oo Yurub ah.

Haysashada taajka Ingiriiska

In 1701 oo ahaa boqorkii reer Spain u dhintay - ee la soo dhaafay guri ammaan Hapsburg ah. In Europe, dagaalka ka qarxay Succession reer Spain, kaas oo jiideen 13 sannadood. In 1713, oo ka hooseeya marka la eego of Peace ee Utrecht, Newfoundland tegey UK.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma noqotay cidhibtii: inta lagu guda jiro toddobadii sannadood ay War (1756-1763), France, Spain iyo Britain ayaa mar kale bilaabay inuu ka doodid kasta oo kale ee territory, iyo in 1762 at St. John ayaa qaadatay dagaalka ku Anglo-French, kaas oo uu ku guuleystay by British ah ka badan ugu dambeyntii ka aamin xuquuqdooda.

Claims Canadian Confederation

Isku day in ay lasoo wareegto jasiiradda galay ay ka howgala of saamaynta siyaasadda iyo dhaqaalaha fulisay Kanada, Newfoundland laakiin waxa ay qaaday oo aan xamaasad badan. In 1869, soo jeedinta ah in ay galaan Confederation Canadian la diiday muuqda. Marka, on amarka of London, Peninsula Labrador la LABAGEEDI OO in Newfoundland, Kanada bixiyeen si ay u caawiyaan horumarinta kayd degaanka bir ah, oo mar kale loo diiday: Jasiirada ku habboonayn in la rumaysan yahay in, in ay dhaqaale ahaan ku tiirsan Confederation ah, ciday ku lumin doonaa xukunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay noqon, wuxuu noqon doonaa.

In 30-ka dillaacay dhibaatooyinka caalamiga ah, taas oo keentay in burburkii dhaqaalaha ee jasiiradda of Newfoundland. London soo bandhigay "Maamulka dibadda", guddi gaar ah si loo ogaado qaddar ee jasiiradda loo abuuray. Ka dib markii dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida go'aanka la qaatay iyo la dhaqan geliyaa. In 1948, sida laga soo xigtay natiijooyinkii aftida, jasiiradda of Newfoundland ahaa mid ka mid ah gobolladii Kanada, taas oo ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Dadka iyo cimilada

Si aad u taariikhda, dadka ku nool goobahan ayaa 500 oo kun oo qof. Marka la eego in degaanka ee jasiiradda ku saabsan yahay 111,39 kun sq Km, dadka in ka badan suubban.. degsiimooyinka The inta badan waa xeebta, tan iyo markii a kalluumaysiga muddo dheer ahayd habka ugu muhiimsan ee hab-nololeedka ah dadka deegaanka.

Cool qoyan muddo dheer ku dhawaaqay xuquuqda jasiirada kale ee Newfoundland, cimilada waxaa loo arkaa "naxdin leh" xitaa British.

Summer ee heerkulka Koonfur uusan ka badnaan 15 ° C, laakiin dhawaanshaha ee Atlantic sababa a qaboobuhu khafiif ah - waa dhif qabow badan -4 ° C. In Northwest hab heerkulka af xagaaga iyo 25 ° C, iyo wakhtiga qabowga dhaxan dhici desyatigradusny.

The gargaarka oo ka mid ah qaybaha kala duwan ee Newfoundland sidoo kale waa ka duwan yahay. In West, dhul buuraley ah, xigtaa deegaanka Long Range Mountains waxaa loo arkaa qayb ka mid ah Appalachia (hal mar ku daatay jasiiradda ka qaarada innoo sabab u ah dhibaatadii waynayd dhulka). In meel jasiiradda of Newfoundland, biyaha diiran ee Stream Gacanka kulmi hadda ku Labrador qabow. Tani waxay keenaysaa in roobab weyn ee jasiiradda (75-1500 mm). Maaddaama ay isku dhaceen ee qulqulka biyaha iyo hawada ee heerkulka kala duwan ku dhawaad saddex meelood oo meel, oo daruuraha qalafsaneyn cad mashquulin jasiiradda of Newfoundland. Photo socdeen warar ku dheehan, iyada oo loo marayo saqafka sare ee St. Johns, la yaab garabaka Muuqaallo ka "Qaaca" eegi by Stephen King.

dadka deegaanka

Kingovskie yaxaas, nasiib wanaag, jasiiradda la helay. Laakiinse waan noolaan doonaa si buuxda xayawaanka tan kuwa dhulkuna waa la sii xoogaysanaya ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in gobol this ee Kanada taariikhda, ee ugu yaraan saameeyeen warshadaha. Inta badan jasiiradda Newfoundland waxaa lagu daboolayaa taiga primeval, qaybo badan yihiin badiba. Halkan Elg, orso, Bobcats, raccoons, Dawacooyinku iyo xayawaanka kale oo badan. Diisnaan by gacamo badan iyo xeebaha durdurradiisa dhagax - janno ah shimbiraha iyo nuujiya badda.

dalxiiska

Fursadda in ay socdaan iyada oo meelaha Sucuudiga soo jiitaan taageerayaal badan oo soo kobcaya, dalxiiska. Park The National Park Gros Morne Qaranka, waxay heleen tiro badan oo qarar xeebaha duurjoogta ah, quruxda harooyinka buur cad oo Rapids qasan oo webi. Iyadoo bangiyada uga yaacday ilaa raaxaysan karaan timi icebergs iyo guuray nibiriyada badda buluug.

Dalxiisayaasha dejinta qadiimiga Viking, wadada ugu da'da weyn ee North America (Cod-Street), matxafyada, maqaayadaha iyo dukaamada xusuus ah ee magaalada.

Halkan yimid kuwo kalluumaysiga sport: biyaha degaanka weli Biyuhu kalluunka, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ay si firfircoon waa la goostay heer warshadeed ku dhowaad tan iyo markii la ogaaday ee jasiiradda of Newfoundland iyo Labrador. dabeecad darro dhinaca khasnadihii dabiiciga ah dhawaad dumay dalka.

"Kalluumaysiga baxeen"

Banks Grand - meel-gacmeed ah 282,5 kun sq M.. km, taas oo weli waa "deposit" ugu qanisan kalluunka ee dunida. Xakamaynin qaadaan socday muddo qarniyo: qarnigii XIX ee dadweynaha ee jasiiradda of Newfoundland ka kordheen 19 ilaa 220 kun oo sabab u ah ee sal dhiga, kuwaas oo ku riyooday in la sameeyo kalluumaysi iyo whaling.

Deegaanka ay bilaabeen inay ka dhawaajiya sida ugu 1970, laakiin tallaabooyin adag Dowladda Kanada ayaa laga qaaday oo kaliya 1992 oo soo bandhigay darsigii a on kalluumaysiga. Halkaa marka ay marayso, xirmeen maraakiibta kalluumaysiga ku dhowaad dhammaan wadamada Yurub ugaadhsado kalluun cidhiidhi. darsigii ayaa ku dhacay dhaqaalaha iyo daryeelka dadweynaha. In muddo gaaban jasiiradda ayaa ka tagay in ka badan 60,000 oo qof.

Waxaan u lahaa in la raadiyo qaab kale ee dakhliga. hawlaha macdanta xoojiyey: jasiiradda uu jiro bir ah, copper iyo zinc ore ah. In saliidda soo saara ee ku daqiijin jireen saxarka xeebaha furmeen, orod fiican waxaa horumarinta dalxiiska. Tan iyo 2006, tirada dadka bilaabeen inay soo baxaan, taasoo muujinaysa kabashada dhaqaalaha maxalliga ah.

Newfoundland - jacayl

First of dhan Xusidda Newfoundland ku soo dhaca maskaxdooda yahay jasiirad oo dhan quruxda, iyo eey wanaagsan-dabeecad weyn, kuwaas oo guriga waxaa loo arkaa inay dalka inhospitable. Xaggee bayse halkan ka soo, waxaa lama yaqaan. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version, idaad ahaa natiijo ka timid crossbreeding Eeyaha eeyaha Hindida Norman. Sida laga soo xigtay kale - xayawaanka keenay Yurub, oo waxaa jiray dhagax, wakiillo ka socda kuwaas oo mararka qaarkood Ioogu yeedho by kala duwan ee xaaladda go'doonka ah ee jasiiradda. Sida ay legend maxaliga ah, eey guumeyso, madow - natiijada amarkooda jacaylka u dhexeeya eey oo otter ah a. Taasi waa sababta Newfoundland weyn dabaasho, quusto, waxay leeyihiin dhogor biyo-celisa, oo caan ku ah "otter dabada."

khubaro eey qaar ka mid ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku doodaya in markii hore lahaa laba dhagaxyada jasiiradda. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - a eeyaha madow awood badan, ma ka duwan Newfoundland casriga ah. Waxay ahaayeen faaiidaysto si yar gaadhi laba taayir leh, oo waxay u adeegeen sidii nooc ka mid ah gaadiidka. sirdoonka kale, St. John ee - ka "eeyaha biyo" halyeeyga, kuwaas oo gadiga saacado, daal aan garanaynin, caawiyay kalluumaysato jiid shabagyadoodii iyo ugaarsadaha orso booli oo kale ku dhaawacmeen. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in eeyaha kuwanu waa awoowayaasha retrievers caanka ah ee maanta.

Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiinse hadiyadda ah aadanaha ee jasiiradda of Newfoundland waa ka qiimo badan dheeman of South Africa ama dahab Klondike ah. Ma suurogalbaa in qof is barbar dhagaxa soulless ama biraha la saaxiibkay farxad iyo jaan, kuwaas oo uu leeyahay sano badan oo si daacad ah u adeegta nin?