Sirdoonka Maraykanka diyaarad: description iyo sawiro

Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Maraykanka of America yihiin ciidamada ugu awooda iyo xooga badan dunida ku dhex jira. Hadalkani waxa uu ma aha oo kaliya ayaa xaqiijiyay in tiro badan oo askar iyo saraakiil, laakiin sidoo kale tirada cajiib ah ee farsamooyinka kala duwan, kuwaas oo ka mid degan diyaarad basaas meel gaarka ah US Ciidamada Cirka RC-135. aviamashina Tani waa adeeg wakhti dheer qaar ka mid ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay si joogto ah la sameeyay by casriyeynta buuxa fuliya, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo ay tahay arrin mobile iyo aadka wax ku ool ah ka qabo hawlaha sirdoonka. diyaarad Tani waxaa ka wada xaajoon doona in this article.

Dhowr xaqiiqooyin

Ku tilmaamay by diyaarad sahan US waa unit hawada ah ururinta, daaweynta iyo xogta dabagal taxaddar on dhibic ugu weyn. At qalbiga unugyada dagaalka waa sifooyinka farsamo ee diyaaradda Boeing C-135 Stratolifter. qalabka RC-135-macmalay shirkadaha kala duwan, taas oo ka mid ah ka muuqan, L-3 Communications, E-Systems, General Dynamics.

Abuurista iyo casriyeynta ee

Ayaa sheegay in diyaaradaha soo ilaalayn US markii hore horumariyo si uu u bedelo oo cirka huriye Boeing RB-50 Superfortress ah. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u qorsheeyay in la sameeyo sagaal mashiinada, laakiin ugu danbeyn ay ka conveyor afarta kaliya xabbadood iska helay. Waxay ahaayeen oo dhan version hagaagay ee Boeing 739-700, sida loo isticmaalo ee makiinado ay isku. In nidaamka buuxinta this gebi ahaanba waxaa kala dhantaashay, iyo meel lagu rakibay kamaradaha ay loo isticmaalo sawirayo iyo sirdoonka.

Taa baddalkeeda, xulashada RC-135B sameeyey xaddiga toban mashiinada. At ay saldhig kale oo ay ahayd aerotanker. Sida an "indhaha oo dhan arka" camera loo isticmaalo, iyo SLAR a radar gaar ah.

Sanadka 2005 wuxuu ahaa weyn ee diyaaradaha RC-135, sida ay dhan yihiin, iyada oo aan marka laga reebo, soo maray casriyaynta weyn (waxaa lagu bedelay matoorada, qalabka sahanka iyo qaybaha kale iyo nidaamyada).

dhiig-miirashada

Arrinta ina hor diyaaradaha sahan US asal ahaan iska leeyihiin Strategic Taliska Ciidamada Cirka ee Maraykanka. Laakiin, tan iyo 1992, waxa ugu hawlan Dagaalamo Command Air Force. mashiinada Kuwaas oo dhan meel joogto ah oo ay guriga - taasi waa saldhigga hawada, "Offutt".

Diyaaradaha qaaday arrin qayb firfircoon ee colaadaha military ee qaybo kala duwan ee dhulkeenna. Aviasudna ay ku lug lahaayeen dagaalka dheer ee Vietnam, marka hawlaha gaarka ah "Eldorado Canyon", "Desert Shield" "Storm Desert", "xoriyadda Unconquered."

River Joint

Taasi waxay ahayd magaca code waa diyaarad basaas US Ciidamada Cirka RC-135V. markabka waxa ay asal ahaan lahaa muuqaalka filan geesi, "dhabannada buunbuuniyo" nidaamka RTR sanka ah elongated, buuxeen qalabka sirdoonka isgaarsiinta AN / AMQ-15. Under sooctey waxa uu ku yaalaa tiro ka mid ah anteenooyinkooda ee heerkiisa kala duwan. Available jira saddex anteenooyinkooda karbaash on radome radar adabtarada ah. anteenooyinkooda sacadda ayaa Jaha hoos xarunta la taarikada gadood qadarkuu of afar xabbadood. garabka Behind waxaa jira meel lagu antenna L-qaabeeya iyo pin yar.

muuqaalka on iftiinka RC-135W

Taa baddalkeeda, RC-135W Air Force diyaarad basaas Mareykanka uga duwanaayeen walaalkiis RC-135V lahaa ma exchangers kulaylka qaadashada hawada on nacelles gaar ah oo ku yaalla meel ka baxsan engine ah. Ka dib markii muddo waqti go'an "dhabannada bararay" baabuurta ayaa wax yar dib u habaynta si loo sii hagaajiyo waxqabadka aerodynamic. Waxaan sidoo kale ay isbedel in qaybta hore ee fairing ah - waxay noqdeen xoogaa dheer, taasoo keentay in bidixda fairing xitaa wax yar ka hor istaagay cover ukunteeda iyo tan dambe ayaa ugu danbeyn u sakhiray in ay dib u eegis.

In 1990, markii mishiinnada shaqadooda bilaabay aag dagaal hadda waa Yugoslavia hore, injineerada rakibay kor ku xusan nozzles dhammaan matoorada heli dhirta gaar ah in ay curiyaan faragelinta infrared. Tan waa la sameeyey si ay u kordhiyaan heerka ammaanka ka gantaalaha diyaaradaha lagula dagaalamo qalabaysan madaxa qariyay kaamerada.

kooxda

Diyaarad Spy US RC-135 waxaa gacanta ku shaqaale caddaalad ah oo waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan:

- Saraakiisha la dagaalanka amarka hawada.

- Saddex operator EW (ammaanka radar): Sirdoonka si toos ah, sahaminta buugan, isbeddel sare. Ujeedooyinka kooxdan waa si ay ula socdaan goobaha ay nidaamka diyaaradaha cadowga iyo anti-gantaal ay shucaaca radar, taas oo, ee jeedo, dhexda nidaamka AEELS.

- 12-16 ka shaqeeya, xubno ka mid ah sirdoonka Air ah. Ay dagaalka mission - iyada oo loo marayo nidaam sirdoonka multi-channel ee VHF kala duwan ee ay u ilaaliyaan waardiye dhexda radio fuliyey dagaalyahanada, iyo sidoo kale xidhiidhka ka mid ah qaybaha difaaca hawada cadowga. Taasi waa, in fact, askari, kuwaas oo ka shaqaynaynaa furitaanka niyad cadowga.

- 7 ka shaqeeya farsamada gacanta kormeer faahfaahsan oo dhan qiiqa radar ee laga helay goobaha ku yaalla hawada, dhulka, badda. Barbaro ah in ay this, khubaro, kuwaas oo loo caddeeyo natiijada raadinta si toos ah iyo dirka by sahaminta buugan. Ka dib markii in, fariimaha ciidamada qaab adeeg, digayaan faahfaahin ku saabsan deegaanka electronic. macluumaadka oo dhan waxaa lagu kala qaado falanqaynta, kooxda shaqada ee diyaaradda gudahood.

Si toos ah u formation of map xaaladda radar ayaa keentay falanqeeye-xakamaysada ah, kaas oo gacanta ku laba falanqeeyayaasha kale, oo burkii tobankii ugu horeeyay ee la bartilmaameed dhulka, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - by hawada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay kormeeraan in dhammaan kala qaado ka diyaaradda xarunta macluumaadka la simay labo daqiiqo kasta (ugu yaraan), iyo in ay dhacdo in baahi degdeg ah - kasta toban ilbiriqsi.

Sidoo kale waa in aan ku bixino laba ka shaqeeya in uu fuliyo ogaanshaha iyo diiwaangelinta oo dhan aan caadiga ahayn, ama calaamadaha aan haybtooda la, aan hore ay cadowga loo isticmaalaa dareenka. Taas waxa loo sameeyaa si loo hubiyo in nidaamka EW hagaajinta waqtiga iyo wada shaqaynta. Wadayaasha ayaa sidoo kale aad ula socoto dhammaan cadowga ee isku day in ay ka gudbaan difaaca nidaamka isgaarsiinta diyaaradaha Maraykanka.

Waxa intaa dheer in khubaro kuwaas, ee deggan goobaha dagaalka oo ay, sidoo kale waxaa jira shaqaale ah, ku hawlan kala iibsiga ee xogta si aviasudno E-3 AWACS iyo laba qof oo ah takhasuska ku hawlan adeeg duulimaad.

"Bottleneck" diyaaraddu

Diyaarad basaas Mareykanka ayaa dhibaato weyn oo ah qaab isgaarsiinta kooban u dhexeeya isaga iyo E-3 AWACS. Xogta loo kala qaado via channel digital in TADIL-A format.

Waa channel this maraa gabi ahaanba dhan helay radar ka dhigan sawiro qof-graphic of bidhaamayaan hawada ee ay ka shaqeeya markabka E-3. Ka dib markii processing, macluumaadka waxaa ku soo laabtay, laakiin qaab digital. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la dhammaystirayaa noocyo kala duwan oo aqoonsi ah iyo kala calamado gaar ah oo dhan iyada oo aan laga reebo diirada hawada.

waxqabadka diyaaradaha

Waxaan bartay in si faahfaahsan diyaarad basaas Air Force US sida tilmaamayaasha ay xudunta u leeyihiin tilmaamayaasha sida:

• The Raven -39,88 meter.
• Total dhererka Diyaaradaha - 39.2 m.
• Diyaaradaha Dhererka - 12.7 mitir;
• degaanka ee garabka kasta - 226,03 mitir oo laba jibbaaran.
• miisaanka faaruqa ah ee diyaaradda - 46403 kg.
• Ugu badnaan mass qaadataan-off - 124967 kg.
• Dib u habaynta engine ah - turbofan Pratt Whitney TF33-P-9.
• Riixdaan - 4 x 80,07 Kn.
• xawaaraha ugu badan ee la oggol yahay ee duulimaadka - 991 km / h.
• xawaaraha ka saaciday inay - 901 km / h.
• kala duwan oo la taaban karo diyaarad - 9100 km.
• gacan ficilka of mishiinka - 4308
• sare hawlgalka ugu badnaan - 12.375 mitir.

Dhacdadan ayaa ka badan Badda Madow

January 25 2016 Diyaarad basaas Mareykanka u dhow soohdinta reer Ruushka. Sidaas darteed, in diyaarad samada Su-27 ayaa la sara kiciyey, oo dhexda diyaaradaha Maraykanka. Sida laga soo xigtay wakiilka rasmiga ah ee amarka Yurub kabtanka Navy Maraykanka Daniel Hernandez, dhexda ee mashiinada sirdoonka hawada lagu qaaday mid aad u ammaan ahayn oo ka baxsan sharciga, waxaa laakiin welwelin karaan hoggaanka Maraykanka, maxaa yeelay, dhacdadan waxaa ololiyo oo keliya xaalad awalba kacsan. Sidoo kale, sarkaalku wuxuu sheegay in American ah Dagaalamo RC-135U oofiyo jadwalka duulimaadka in meel bannaan oo caalamka ka badan Badda Madow, oo aan xad xuduudaha qof. Wakiilada of Russia, markeeda, ayaa xusay in diyaaradda US ahaa in hawada la demiyo transponder ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin ka soo daabaco The Washington Free Beacon helay, jet oo ah dagaalyahan Ruush duulay diyaaradaha Maraykanka fogaan ah lix mitir, ka dib markii taas oo muddo waqti go'an agagaarka duulaya, dhinac. Markaas duuliyaha Ruush sameeyey dhaqdhaqaaq af badan oo gees ula leexday tagay. Sidaas darteed, durdur jet ka-Su 27 ayaa la macno riixay sahan hawada oo ka mid ah Maraykanka, taas oo ah sababta uu badiyay gacanta ah.

Xafiiltanka badan badda bari

April 14, 2016 mar kale soo ilaalayn diyaarad US duulay xuduudaha Russia ee. Waxaa macquul ah in xaaladda this shaqo la'an maaha by Ciidamada Air ee Ruushka. Amarka Ruush ayaa go'aansaday in ay joojiyaan isku day in ay ku xad xadka gobolka, taas oo loo sara kiciyey in dayuuradaha dagaalka hawada. Sidaas darteed, diyaaradda Su-27 qabteen sirdoonka Maraykanka. dhaqdhaqaaq Tani, sida laga soo xigtay US saraakiisha ciidamada, ayaa waxaa mar kale la fuliyay hab ku dhiirato iyo qaadeen khatarta inay markabka ka mid ah diyaaradaha Maraykanka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, amarka ciidamada Maraykanka ayaa muujiyay in ay "dareen qotada dheer", kaas oo la odhan jiray "falalka ka baxsan sharciga iyo ammaan darro oo ka mid ah duuliyayaasha Ruush."

khilaafka Japanese

May 22, 2016 nidaamka difaaca hawada Ruush uu ka dareemo badan Badda ee Japan, ee diyaaradaha soo ilaalayn US RC-135. Waqtigaas, ayuu qaadeen sahan u dhow oo ah soohdinta dalka Ruushka. Waxaa xusid mudan in diyaaradda Mareykanka waa in samada la transponder ka iyo ma uu karin inuu macluumaad wadada u ilaaliyaal gobolka ka badan ayaa ka qayb qaatay ah ee khatarta ah ee shilalka diyaaradaha rayidka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, diyaarad American ahaa on heerarka kuwa, kuwaas oo ka hawlgala duulimaad duulimaadyo joogto ah oo Civil Aviation. Dabcan, diyaaradda Su-27 qabteen sirdoonka Maraykanka.

In si loo caddeeyo dhacdada si ay Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Russia waxaa loo bixiyey inuu hadlo jira diboomaasi lagu milatariga ee Safaaradda Mareykanka. Madaxda Ruush bixisay fiiro gaar ah u dhigiisa American ah oo ku saabsan ka hortagga xaaladaha la mid ah mustaqbalka iyo qaado tallaabooyinka ku habboon in la damaanad qaado amaanka diyaaradaha ku jira samada.

Qaar ka mid ah waqti ka dib waxaa ogaaday in diyaarad sahan ah ayaa waxaa aragga arkay by shixnad shaqaalihii diyaaradda rakaabka diyaaradaha Swiss. Sida laga soo xigtay duuliye ah, waxay arkeen diyaarad afar-engine culus ah, taas oo aan ku tuuri wax calaamad.

iska hor imaad la Chinese ah

Mar labaad, US dhexda diyaarad basaas ka dhacay bishii May 2016 ka badan biyaha biyaha caalamiga ah ee South badda Shiinaha ee. Sida ku cad Americans, dhacdadan ka dhacay hawada ee caalamiga ah. Sida laga soo xigtay Pentagon, diyaaradaha dagaalka ee Ciidamada Cirka qabteen diyaarad Chinese basaas USA ammaan ahayn. war qoraal ah oo ka mid ah Americans noocan oo kale ah ayaa mid ka mid ma la yaabay, tan iyo ereyada sida caadiga ah in mid kasta oo xaaladahan waa. Sidoo kale, sarkaal Mareykan ah ayaa sheegay in diyaarad sahan u qabata "ilaalinta joogtada ah ee caadiga ah."

Sababaha keena isku dhaca la Shiinaha

Dhacdadan waxaa keena kacsanaanta si degdeg ah barar cadu ku yaal gobolka of South badda Shiinaha ee. All sharaxay by dhaqdhaqaaqa kordhay Shiinaha marka la eego dhismaha jasiiradaha aan dabiici ahayn. In gobolka this, deriskaaga ah oo Shiinaha, oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka, uu aad uga welwelsan xaaladda, sababta oo ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in Shiinaha ee mustaqbalka waxaa lagu qori doonaa on kuwaas oo nin-dhigay gasiiradaha nidaamka difaaca gantaalaha. Waxaana taa ugu wacan this, Maraykanka ku andacoonaya of hubinta heerka saxda ah ee ammaanka maraakiibta caalamiga diray gobolka kacsan oo ay raxan, ilaa xad macquul ka dhigay dedaaladii ah carada on qayb ka mid ah hoggaanka dalka Shiinaha.

dareenka noocan oo kale ah in ay dusha badda degaanka u muuqda codeeyay ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in South Badda Shiinaha ka - lafaha ah oo dood ka dhexeeya Shiinaha, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brunei, Filibiin iyo Malaysia. Oo dadkii oo dhammu, waayo, in qayb ka mid ah ee dunida, waxaa jira kayd muhiim ah khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee kala duwan, gaas, saliid, iyo si bixi.