Shiinaha tareenka. Iyo xawaaraha sare ee tareennada Shiinaha

safarka tareenka ee Shiinaha - mid ka mid ah hababka mudnaanta gaadiidka labada on dhow iyo kuwa fog-fog. kaabayaasha Track waxaa si aad u wanaagsan u horumarsan oo uu leeyahay tayo sare leh. Waayo, dhismaha iyo horumarinta qaatay sannado badan, iyo maaliyadda. Tareenka ka Shiinaha ayaa isgaarsiinta oo leh nidaamyada gaadiidka ee Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, North Korea ah.

History of tareenka

In muddo kala duwan ee taariikhiga ah ee dhismaha waddada tareenka ee Shiinaha waxaa lagu fuliyay siyaabo kala duwan. In 1876 waxaa la dhisay web ugu horeeyay ee isku xira Shanghai la Usuns.

In 1881 waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso dhererka wadada toban kiiloomitir ka degmada ee ku saabsan dejinta Tszytan Shantsuan Suyge. In muddo ah ka 1876 in 1911 ay dalka la dhisay waddooyinkiisa, oo dhererkiisu wuxuu ahaa 9100 km. In 1912, fikradda koowaad ee dhismaha tareenka ayaa la soo jeediyey. By 1949 dhererka dhar ah ee dalka soo gaadhay 26.200 km.

In Old Shiinaha, dhismaha ahaa xawaaraha gaabis ah, in tiro yar oo tayo hooseeyo. Shiraac inta badan la dhigay xeebta. In koonfur-galbeed iyo waqooyi-galbeed ee dalka lahaa tareenka lahayn. Siyaabaha dillaaceen galay qaybaha oo gacanta ku hay'adaha kala duwan.

Marka New Shiinaha muuqday Wasaaradda Tareennada, Xafiiska taas gudbeen dhammaan adeegyada tareenka. barnaamijka shaqada ku saabsan dhismaha iyo dayactirka tareenka iyo buundooyinka la abuuray. Horumaray Shiinaha Tareenka ayaa koray in 1996, oo dhererkeeduna ayaa gaaray 64.900 km. Dhis iyo dayactir saldhigyada, kor u-soo-saarka ee tareen naaftada, tareen korontada, baabuurta rakaabka.

By 2013, dhererka tareenka waa 103 144 km. Sidaas darteed of Isbadal kordhay awood iyo xawaare dhaqdhaqaaqa ee tareenada. Muga ka soo korodha xamuulka iyo gaadiidka rakaabka, cufnaanta kor u kacay ee tareenada.

By 2020, gobolka qorsheeyey in la dhiso in ka badan 120,000 oo km oo ah kuwan raadkaygay. dhismaha tareenka ee Shiinaha jihada of Khabarovsk. Intaa waxaa dheer, mashruuca ah in xiri doona rinjiyeynta South Xinjiang ee dalka Shiinaha iyadoo Kyrgyzstan.

tareenka Scheme

Haddaba kaabayaasha Shiinaha ee tareenka waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horumarsan. Dhererka waddooyinka ee dalka ayaa haatan u taagan in ka badan 110 000 oo km. dareenka badan waxaa la siiyaa horumarinta dhismaha waddada tareenka ee goobaha dekedda iyo xagga galbeed, oo qoto dheer galay waynaha.

Tirada dadka ee Shiinaha waxaa u di'in, iyo nidaamka ugu sareeya cufnaanta ee Tareennada ee Shiinaha waa in koonfur-galbeed iyo bari ee dalka. Si loo daboolo dhulka oo dhan oo ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda biyo mareen network kordhay, teknoolajiyada cusub oo la soo bandhigay.

dirka tareenada

In Shiinaha, tiro badan oo tareenka tilmaamay by xarfaha iyo lambarada. Warqadda ayaa waxay muujinaysaa category ee tareenka. On category tareenka saameeyaa xawaaraha, adeegga, tirada joogsato.

• Tareen nooca «G» - rasaas ay gaari karaan xawaare ilaa 350 km / h.
• nooca tareen «D» - xawaaraha, oo ay xawaaraha waa in ka badan 200 km / h, safarka istaago oo kaliya saldhiga ugu weyn. Tareenka ayaa ka kooban yahay gaadhi oo ka mid ah, fasalka ugu horeeyay ee labaad, waxaa jira sariiraha.
• nooca tareen «Z» - tagaa oo aan joogsato, xawaaraha uu yeesho 160 km / h, istaago at saldhigyada waaweyn. Sida caadiga ah, tani waa tareen habeenkii, waxa ay ka kooban tahay baabuur la kuraasta rights reserved iyo dhigan karo.
• Tareen «T» nooca - Express, ay xawaaraha gaadho 140 km / h, istaago in magaalooyinka waaweyn iyo xarumaha gaadiidka. gaadhifardood tareenka waxay leeyihiin sessile, kuraasta hoy iyo dhigan karo.
• Tareen nooca «K» - ayaa xawaare sare ee 120 km / h, istaago in magaalooyinka waaweyn iyo tuulooyinka. Waxay leedahay a baabuurta fadhiga iyo kuraasta hoy.
• Tareenadu aan warqadda - No horgale, ay ka mid qaab dhismeedka jirka heerka aad u hooseeyo.

Fasallada ee tareenada

The baabuurta ee tareenada Chinese waxa loo qaybin karaa 4 nooc (fasalada).

• qarsoodiga ah oo jilicsan - Coupe this double ama kacsanayd.
• qol adag - Coupe leh lix armaajo.
• Jilicsan fadhiya.
• fadhi adag.

The tareenada nooca «D» jirto fikradda ah "kursiga hore iyo fasalka labaad," farqiga u dhaxeeya waa raaxada kursiga.

tareenada-xawaaraha sare

Shiinaha in ay sii wadaan si ay u horumariyaan dynamically, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay si fudud oo dhaqso u guurto. Si taas loo gaaro, xukuumaddu ay samaynayso wax walba oo suuragal. Mid ka mid ah mashaariicda kaabayaasha baaxad weyn oo inta badan waa dhismaha network-xawaaraha sare ee Shiinaha ee. Waxay leedahay baaxadda ballaaran, oo daboolaya aag aad u ballaaran oo dalka ka mid ah iyo mid ka mid ah ugu han ee dunida. Sidoo kale, wadadii uu dhismaha khadadka ahaa Olympics ee 2007.

Asal ahaan, tareennada-xawaaraha sare ee Shiinaha waxaa lagu dhisay on Piers - waxay leeyihiin qaab dherer ah boqolaal kilomitir oo buundooyinka. xawaaraha tareenka waa celcelis ahaan 200 km / h. Dhererka Waddooyinkiisa sida in PRC lacag dhan ilaa 15 400 km dhamaadka 2013. On tareenka waxaa jira meelaha xawaaraha ugu badan ee tareenka horumarin kartaa ilaa 350 km / h.

In Shiinaha, waxaa jirta kala soocidda soo socda ee xawaaraha line:

• Normal (100-120 km / saacaddii).
• xawaaraha Dhexdhexaad (120-160 km / saacaddii).
• xawaaraha sare (160-200 km / saacaddii).
• High-xawaaraha (200-400 km / saacaddii).
• Ultra sare (in ka badan 400 km / h).

line Alpine

Dhis tareenka-sare sare ee Shiinaha, laga bilaabo 1984. First addoonsada qaybta fudud, iyo sannadkii 2001 bilaabay horumarinta qeybta adag. In xagaagii 2006 furay tareenka ugu buuraleyda ee adduunka - ka Qinghai-Tibet. Waxaa isku xira Shiinaha la Tibet, oo dhererkiisu waa 1956 km. stretch A of dhererka wadada 1142 km maraa buuraha marayo. About 550 line km tareenka la dhigay aagga Dhuldhoobo Alpine, quruxsan ugu sareeya ee wadada gaadho 5072 oo mitir heerka badda.

Rakaabka inta lagu jiro safarka uma oggolaan calaamadaha jirrada sare, sida gaadhifardoodkii lingaxan yihiin, iyo hawada waa la xoojiyey oxygen ee baabuurta, waxaa jira in laga ilaaliyo shucaaca qoraxda.

In Dhuldhoobo sare tareen guurayaan xawaare ah 100 km / saacaddii, on inta kale ee jidka tareenka u safri xawaare ah 120 km / h.

Tareenka ka Shiinaha in Tibet bixisaa xiriir ah oo deggan inta u dhaxaysa dalalka. Fududee helidda iyo hubiyaa ay caan ma aha oo kaliya dadka dalalkaas, laakiin sidoo kale dalxiisayaal.

waddooyinka tareennada Hainan

tareenada China ee xawaaraha sare ee lagu horumariyo ma aha oo kaliya on waynaha, laakiin sidoo kale jasiiradaha. dhismaha xiiso leh iyo gaarka ah ee Island Hainan ah. Tareenada on this piece of dhulka waa giraan ah kaas oo aan macquul ahayn u qaybsan bari iyo galbeed toortaha. Dhererka giraanta waa 308 km. Its dhismaha ee qaybta galbeed ee jasiiradda ka dhacay muddo adag ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxaa la dhisay qaybo. Ugu dambeyntii, shaqada kaliya ee la dhamaystiri doono 2004. In 2006-2007, waxaa la casriyeeyey, iyo hadda u adeegtaa tareenada si ay awood-xawaaraha sare ee 120-160 km / h. Sanadkii 2007 waxaa jira jasiiradda tareenada la xidhiidha in dhulweynaha isticmaalaya doon ah.

Dhismaha line ee qaybta bari ee jasiiradda bilaabay dabayaaqadii 2007, waxaa la dhameystiray sanadkii 2010, iyo in isla sanadkaas, qaybta labaad ee giraanta ayaa lagu rido hawlgalka.

Features of Chinese Tareennada

In Shiinaha, waxaa jira hab gaar ah si ay u helaan madal. Tag tababar oo keliya waqtiga ay soo gudbinta. At saldhigyada, taas oo ag maraaba oo aan istaagin, oo laga dheehan karo oo kaliya u adeega saldhiga.

In Shiinaha, links gaadiidka masaakiinta la dalalka deriska ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu jiro wadada loo marayo iyo kaabayaasha hadda jira, tareenka ka soo Shiinaha xiray soohdinta oo ay leeyihiin in ay u guuraan on foot.

Gadashada tigidh on tareenka ayaa sidoo kale waxay leedahay astaamo u gaar ah. Dhammaan tigidhada waxaa lagu gadaa Shiinaha oo kaliya ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen warqado aqoonsi ah. tigidh dalka Guest kaliya waxa laga iibsan karaa xafiiska sanduuqa. Haddii aad iibsato mishiinka aad u baahan tahay ID-card Shiinaha.

Waxaa jira ku dhawaad lahayn gaadiidka rakaabka.

saldhigyada tareenada ee magaalooyinka

saldhigyada tareenka Chinese leeyihiin naqshadaha caadiga ah iyo midka ah midba midka kale. The kaliya ee ka reeban yihiin dhufto ee jirka ee magaalooyinka yar yar ama magaalo taariikh waa hore ah.

rugaha New dhisay inta badan ku taalla duleedka tuulada. waddooyinka tareenka ee hadda jira laga soo wareejiyay xarunta oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha qadiimka ah waxaa la Dumin ama mari dib u dhiska. saldhigyada Chinese waxaa loo ekaysiin karaa in ay garoonka diyaaradaha - waxay yihiin weyn, qalabaysan kaabayaasha oo ay leeyihiin wax badan oo heerar.

In Shiinaha, waa wax aan macquul aheyn si aad u hesho saldhiga tareenka oo aan tigidh, kaliya qaar ka mid ah qaybaha aad u yar. Laakiin saldhigyada tareenka jir madal ay ka hor loo hoydo pass noqon kartaa, waayo, sababtan aawadeed xafiiska u baahan tahay si ay u iibsadaan tikidhada gaar ah. Waxaa siinayaa xaq u leeyahay inuu sii joogo madal ay, laakiin ma aha in ay dhul on tareenka.

Russia-Shiinaha

Taasoo waddada u xaareysa Shiinaha waa taariikh ahaan ku xiran Russia. In 1897 waxay bilaabeen dhismaha Eastern Shiinaha Tareenka (sarkaalka), taas oo ah laan koonfureed ee Tareenka Trans-Siberian. In muddo ah ka 1917 si ay u 1950, iyadoo ay sabab u falalka ciidamada iyo siyaasadda, iyada waxaa loo wareejiyay Shiinaha iyo dayn inay jiraan. Tani waxay dhacday 1952. Halkii, waxaa u muuqday on map dunida Chinese Seygeeda Railway.

In mustaqbalka dhow tareenka Shiinaha-Russia ay u bartaan dadka. Mashruuca ayaa ah waddada xawaaraha Eurasian sare xiri doona Beijing iyo Moscow. Siyaabaha la qaban doonaa dalka reer Kazakhstan, halka safraya iyaga on qaadan doonaa laba maalmood.