Saliidaha iyo dheecaannada warshadaha

Si ay u fuliyaan farsamo iyo hawlaha mishiinada shaqada loo isticmaalo saliidaha iyo hoorarka farsamo. Waxay bixiyaan halaynta iyo hufnaanta hawlgalka qalab kala duwan.

Noocyada saliidaha

In hawlgalka, dhaqdhaqaaqa habab ku dhacdaa xiriiraya dusha iyo sii daraysa kulaylka ka khilaaf. Si loo yareeyo ay macdanta iyo saliidaha dardaro waxaa loo isticmaalaa.

Saliidaha iyo dheecaannada warshadaha for qaybta ugu sida aasaas u ah wax soo saarka ku jira:

• Distillate - muxaadaro vacuum oo saliid ah shidaalka (jajab iftiinka);
• haraaga ah - muxaadaro of daamur helay.

Mid ka mid ah ama nooc kale oo saliid macdanta waa la diyaariyey by qasin qaybaha distillate iyo haraaga ah ee saamiga gaar ah oo ku daray daraa lagu daro.

saliidaha dardaro soo saaray Avv ee Consort qaarkood dheeriga ah ku daraa improvers xaaladaha ka hawlgala.

Noocyada Subkiye

• motor,
• gudbinta,
• Haydarooliga;
• greases.

Lagu daro in saliidaha

Shuruudaha saliidaha hoos xaaladaha kala duwan, si joogto ah loo adkeeyay. qaab dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ma awoodo inuu si buuxda siiyaan guryaha loo baahan yahay oo kaliya in la abuuri karo by dheer ee lagu daro in saliidaha iyo dheecaannada farsamo. Ay lacagta waa ka jajab ee boqolkiiba 15% iyo wixii ka sareeya.

Noocyada lagu daro:

• function Single - bixinta mid ka mid ah guryaha, anti-Duugga, cadaadis aad u daran, culus, antioxidant, khilaaf yareeyo, antifoam, depressor, saabuunta-dispersant, iwm,.
• MFT - xeryahooda polymer sare uu kulan saliid dhowr sifooyinka hawl;
• baakadaha daro iyo darey - daro isku qasan oo kiimikaad la xiriira oo loo hagaajiyo guryaha iyo abuuro tayada cusub (ilaa 15 qaybood).

The sifooyinka saliidaha iyo cabitaan

Waayo waxyaabaha ay ka midka yihiin dufan, dheecaanka ka shaqeeya, ama caddaymaha GOST bixiyaan tiro koobin kala duwan la qeexo xaaladaha codsigooda.

1. Lubricity - isku-dar ah anti-khilaaf, anti-Duugga iyo guryaha uu cadaadis aad u daran. Halbeegga ugu muhiimsan waa ku nafwaayay ah, taas oo calaamad u caabiga socodka dhexeeya layers dareere (nafwaayay firfircoon, Pa ∙ s). dabeecad kale waa ku nafwaayay ku kinematic, go'aamiyo xawaaraha dheecaanka dareere by cuf dhex viscometer gaddoonka ah. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in m ² / s. Waayo, saliidaha tiirsanaanta gaar ahaan muhiim ah oo ku nafwaayay on heerkulka. Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa by Index nafwaayay ah.
2. xasiloonida kaamerada - tilmaame ah ee hantida antioxidant saliidda, lagu gartaa isbeddel waqti oo saliid khafiif ah filimka xamuurada ah. The sare waa, alaabta tayo sare leh. habka lagu qayilo wuxuu ku bilaabmaa marka kululaynta ilaa 50-60 ° ^C. Xooggii uu si weyn u kordhiyaa laga bilaabo ^{oo ku saabsan} 250 C. saliid The gudcur ah, iyo beddeli hantida physicochemical.
3. guryaha saabuunta-dispersant oo saliid ah engine ka tarjumaysaa awoodda ay si loo yareeyo formation of korsiiya iyo lacag dhigaal ah carbon gudaha engine iyo dayactirka soo saarka wasakhda in ganaax.
4. guryaha Anticorrosive of saliidaha waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah xumaatay by raasamaal qashinka Duugga. Corrosivity lagu qiyaasay by qiimaha acid, go'aaminaya tirada mg Koh looga baahan yahay inay uga takhalusi lahaayeen acid ee 1 g oo saliid ah. content Acid inta ay howlgalka kordhiyaa 3-5 jeer oo ay ugu khatarsan wixii faahfaahin yihiin. Guryaha of saliidaha waxaa lagu wanaajiyaa iyadoo bandhigid daro sameeyaan filimada ilaaliya on dusha biraha ama acid neutralizing Biraha dhulka xumadoodu.

saliidaha motor

Reciprocating matoorada sari gudaha (ICE), gaar ahaan u baahan sifaynta. Waayo, iyaga isticmaalaa saliid motor, sifooyinka kuwaas oo si gaar ah loo doortay qalab kasta.

Waayo, muddo dheer engine ku sari gudaha si ay u shaqaaleeyaan saliidda macdanta saafi ah. Modern ka farxiyay matoorada u baahan hordhaca ah ee lagu daro. Advantageously isticmaalo saliidaha multigrade, kulan looga baahan yahay ee ku nafwaayay in ka badan kala duwan heerkulka u ballaaran.

Waayo, unugyo badan oo semi-synthetics haboon - biyaha macdanta dheeriga ah ee qaybaha organic dardaro. waxaa Gadashada, waa in aad lacag bixisid si aad u xaqiiq tahay iyo tayada wax soo saarka dareenka. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid wadaagaan talooyinka tilmaamaha ee gaariga. Halkan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado in soo saarayaasha ugu talinaynaa brand saliid, taas oo ay u tari. Kuwa aan aad u yaqaanna ee wax soo saarka ee stamps, waxaad u baahan tahay in la raaco ay talo.

Qoondaynta of saliidaha motor

By Performance saliidaha motor waxaa loo kala saaraa kooxo for matoorada:

• carburetor neforsirovannom (lagu daro yar) - A.
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% lagu daro).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (ilaa 8% lagu daro).
• F - aadka u dadajinaya (8-12% ka mid ah lagu daro).
• D - aadka u dadajinaya matoorada naaftada si xoogan ku raran yihiin (18-25% lagu daro).

By degree of motor fasalka ku nafwaayay saliid yihiin 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. saarka saliida multigrade engine saldhigyadii macdanta by dhagid ku nafwaayay ku yar daro MPF. Ay jiraan 10 fasalada, kuwaasoo mid walba uu metalayay jajab, tus, 4H / 8. Sareeyaha ee fasalka ku nafwaayay la cayimay -18 ^{° C,} iyo hooseeyaha - at ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Haddii brand yaqaan oo saliid ah engine, tus M-6 _c / 10B _2, waxaa loo tarjunto karaa sida soo socota: M - motor 6 _h - fasalka ku nafwaayay la dhagid daro 10 - nafwaayay 100 ⁰ C, - engine sredneforsirovannyh 2 - for matoorada naaftada .

engine jeeg tayada saliid lagu sameeyaa xarunta cudur-aqoonsiga, taas oo u baahan kharash gaar ah. Ma jiraa hab sahlan si aad u hubiso, iyadoo baaritaan ku leeyihiin in ay ku riday dhibic oo saliid ah oo ku saabsan dusha sare ee warqada. Haddii si degdeg ah libdhi, ka tagay dushiisa of dhowr wareegyada dufanka leh, waxay ka dhigan tahay wax soo saarka tayo leh.

caabin High dhibciyo tilmaamay khasaaraha ka mid ah guryaha waxtar leh. control noocan oo kale ah waa ku haboon oo lagu qiimeeyo tayada saliid cusub.

saliidaha gudbinta

Dhismaha gudbinta waxaa ka mid ah gudbinta iyo qaybinta, oo ulahooda wareejiya, marsho isteerinka iyo kuwa kale. sifaynta loo baahan yahay noocyada kala duwan ee geerka. saliidaha Gear ayaa la soo saaray ka macdanta ama saldhig semisynthetic leh daro functional ku salaysan chlorine, fosfooraska, baaruud, disulfide, abuurista filim ka ilaaliya, lifaqaya waxyaabaha ka saamayn taban. wakiilada nafwaayay waa in filimka at load sare iyo heerkulka. In cimilada qabow, ku nafwaayay saliidda waa in aanay carqalad la farsamooyinka, kaas oo la soo xulay halabuurka, index nafwaayay ku haboon.

Functions Tanni waa saliidaha:

• yareynta khasaaraha on khilaaf iyo Duugga,
• kulaylka laga saaray goobaha xidhiidhka;
• hoos xamuulka lama filaan ah;
• non-sun iyo non-qashinka.

The dareere farsamo ugu jaban iyo greases ku salaysan saliid macdanta. Waxay leeyihiin sifooyinka wanaagsan, abuurista ilaaliya filim lagu kalsoonaan karo.

saliidaha dardaro ay si weyn uga sare ee tayada, laakiin waxay yihiin wax soo saarka ugu qaalisan. qiimaha wanaagsan ee lacagta waa semi-synthetics.

saliidaha gudbinta qoyska ka kooban nafwaayay fasalka 4. Sida laga soo xigtay sifooyinka waxqabadka ay u qaybsan yihiin 5 kooxaha. Sixitaanka ee darey kala duwan ayaa tilmaamaya astaamaha asaasiga ah, tusaale ahaan, TM-5-9 _ah - gudbinta saliid Group 5, nafwaayay reer daro dhagid fasalka 9aad. TUSAALE Qoondaynta shisheeye - SAE 80W-90, halkaas oo ay calaamaddu ku taal waxay muujinaysaa 80 - fasalka ku nafwaayay, W - caadiga ah 90 - oo u dhiganta ku nafwaayay ugu yar ee 14 mm ² / s at 99 ⁰ C.

Dheecaano nidaamyada Haydarooliga

In nidaamka gidromehanizmov iyo actuators for actuating cabitaanno farsamo gaar ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa. Kuwani waa shuruudaha:

• pumpability, iyo ku tiirsanaanta a heerkulka yar oo ku nafwaayay,
• caabin daxalka sare iyo ma barar ama liiditaan shaabadood Haydarooliga;
• lubricity sare;
• kiimikada iyo xasiloonida jirka iyadoo la ilaalinayo hantida bilowga waqti dheer intii uu howlgalku socday,
• maqnaanshaha nijaasta ahaa, biyaha iyo walxaha xoqe keeni daxalka.

saliid Haydarooliga ka mid ah oo ku saabsan 20 noocyada kala duwan. Waxaa loo soo saaray qasayso distillates petroleum oo lagu daro. The saliid inta badan la isticmaalo dunmiiqa AU. saliid loo yaqaan MG-30, M-2IHP, Zinedine-10, MGE-10A.

Dareerayaasha for macdanka iyo nidaamyada kala jejebiyey

dheecaannada farsamo jejebiyey loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo nidaamyo Haydarooliga. Waxay yihiin shuruudaha:

• dhibic lagu keydsho hooseeyo;
• nafwaayay yar;
• lubricity wanaagsan;
• caabin daxalka,
• ma saamayn dhaawici on shaabadood caag.

Noocyada dareere kala jejebiyey.

1. ESC - saliid castor 60% + 40% ethanol.
2. SBR - 50% castor saliid + 50% khamriga butyl.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% khamriga.
4. "Neva" iyo tiro ka mid ah yar tallaabooyinka-22 - a daro tones ku salaysan.
5. "Tom" - isku dar ah ee glycols la esters of boric acid.

dheecaan jejebiyey ku salaysan castor farsamo heerkulka a hoos ku -20 ⁰ C. adkaanina, laakiin kaliya khamriga ah ayaa weli ku jira xal. Marka tan la eego, waxay la doortay ku xiran gobolka. Bedelaadda oo cabitaan ah in labada xagaaga iyo jiilaalka waa dhif sameeyey. Inta badan doorbiday oo dhan xilli khuseeya darey dareere ah kaas oo ku salaysan yihiin tones. The ugu wanaagsanu waa "Tom", taas oo wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin daxalka iyo anti-Duugga wanaagsan.

Lama filaan ah u codsan daawooyinka AF-12T iyo IHP-10, oo ka kooban isku dar ah oo saliid ah macdanta leh nafwaayay ku yar dheecaan silicone oo lagu daro.

dheecaannada Technical

Nidaamka qaboojinta dareere ah waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u ilaaliyaan heerkulka loo baahan yahay hab ICE ah. Waxaa xiran a, qaadidda kulaylka ka farsamooyinka shaqada iyo waxa dhex marayay hiitarka ah ku ah deegaanka.

Markii hore, Quwadda qaboojiyey by biyo, laakiin waxaa la tagay sabab u Rapids yar baraf iyo karaya. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, u yeela oo miridhkeeda, oo ah isha ugu of daxalka biraha.

In mustaqbalka, dheecaanka farsamo bedelay halabuurka, laakiin aasaaska u sii biyaha.

Codsiga ugu weyn helay qabow ka hor taga - isku dar ah oo biyo la glycols oo lagu daro gaarka ah. Waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka soo socda:

• dhibic lagu keydsho hooseeyo;
• ballaarinta yar dul keydsho,
• dhibic ka 110 ^{° C karkaraya,}
• guryaha cabbeeyo wanaagsan.

Qabow ka hor taga ee ku salaysan cheap tones ethylene - waa dareere sun ah farsamo. sumoobo Hoose leeyihiin darey ku salaysan tones propylene, laakiin qiimaha waa inta ka sareeya.

gunaanad

Saliidaha iyo dheecaannada farsamo soo bandhigay suuqa kala duwan ku kala. Darawalka oo aan waayo-aragnimo ah ee ay codsiga waa in ay diiradda saaraan ku darey, tilmaamaha lagu talinayaa in brand baabuur gaar ah. fiiro gaar ah in la bixiyo, in ay muddo jiilaalka hawlgalka. Marka kaydinta gaariga garaashka kulul waa arrin ku haboon oo dhan xilli ciyaareed ee dareeraha. Waxaa muhiim ah in ay diiradda saaraan tilmaamayaasha tayada, ma on qiimaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa in ay qaadaan akoonka arrimo kale, sida nolosha engine.