Ruush General Kutepov Aleksandr Pavlovich: Biography A, u adeegay in Ciidamada Cad, xusuusta

Hogaamiyaha caanka military oo ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa White Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov ku dhashay September 28, 1882 in Cherepovets ee rasmiga ah suubban iyo inconspicuous ah gobolka. Childhood iyo dugsiga sano, wiilka u tageen inay Arkhangelsk fog waqooyiga. Xoolo qoyska Small baray Alexander in kuwa hooseeya Spartan nolosha - xirfado muhiim u noqon doontaa isaga ugu adeega adag.

sanadaha hore

In 1902, ka dib ka qalin mustaqbalka Arkhangelsk dugsiga naxwaha guud Kutepov galeen ku yaalla dugsiga military Vladimir St. Petersburg,. waayo-aragnimo-dugsi sare oo la oggol yahay ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo si fudud Adkaan koorsada afka baarkiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ahaa daciifnimo ah - daloolin. Kutepov wajahay dhibaatooyin caadiga ah ee dhammaan dadka dhalinyarada ah oo ku lug leh dugsiyada military oo ka mid ah hay'adaha rayid ah. Laakiin inkastoo dhibaatooyinka, inuu isaga ku qaabbilo marxaladda cusub ee nolosha, Alexander saxiirtaas oo dhan caqabado. isaga uga hiiliyey reer adkeysiga dhiso iyo dulqaadashada, kuwaas oo horey u ah nolosha dadka waaweyn yihiin yihiin ma ahan oo keliya badbaadiyay Guud.

In 1904, Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov ka qalin jaamacad, oo waxay noqdeen Sarreeye labaad ee 85 lugta Ciidankii of Vyborg. Dhawr bilood ka dib xaflad dhaqameed Duke Grand ee Konstantin u sameeyey si uu saraakiishii waaweyn.

On War Japanese

No si degdeg ah lahaa Alexander Kutepov la adeegaya sida dagaalka Ruush-Japanese. Marka hore, waxa uu isla markiiba codsaday in ay noqdaan inay iskood oo raadineysa ciidan. Si dhakhso ah sarkaal dhallinyarada non-wakiishay qudhiisu kala duwanaayeen inta lagu guda jiro weerarka on van ee Japanese ah. Isaga oo askartii ka heleen koobab qiimo leh (qoriga iyo mashiinka-qori). madax rasmi ah ciidankii Vyborg ahaa ina adeerkiis ah Tsar Ruushka Kayzer Vilgelm. Wuxuu waxaa lagu abaal Order ee Crown Jarmalka Kutepov. Waxa uu xusay awood indheynta iyo hooyo. Inta lagu jiro mudada Aleksandr War ka Kutepov Ruush-Japanese helay Order ee St. Stanislaus degree 3rd, heerka 4-aad ee St. Anne iyo St. Vladimir degree 4-th.

Dhamaadka khilaafka lagu hoobtay ee Bariga Fog, indheynta u yiqiin wuxuu lahaa in la sameeyo tababarka shaqaalaha cusub. Ku soo noqoshada Russia, marka hore uu muquurtay dhacdooyinkii kacaan (ku saabsan asalka ah failure ee dagaalka kula Japan kacaanka dalka oo ka qarxay 1905). Future guud Kutepov ayuu fuushanaa tareenka, marka tareenka joojiyay weeraryahanada cadhaysan oo ku dhawaaqay abuurista dalkooda. ciidamada ayaa la ma yaabiyay, iyo xogagga taageerada askarta daacada qabtay guddi kacaan, mudaaharaadeen saldhigga tareenka a.

sano naxaysaan

Tan iyo bilowgii u First World War Aleksandr Kutepov keentay shirkadda 4aad ee Ciidankii Preobrazhensky ah. August 20, 1914 at dagaalka Vladislavovo dhamaaday dhaawacaa isaga for. Si dhakhso ah, sarkaalka soo kabsaday oo ka qeyb qaatay dhowr hawlgallada guul ka dhanka ah kooxda Jarmalka. Habeeynimadii kacaanka, oo wuxuu noqday kornayl.

Bishii Febraayo 1917, Kutepov ahaa fasax dheer la sugayay oo soo gaaray Petrograd. Waxaa xusid mudan in uu ahaa sarkaalka kaliya ee uu darajo (kornayl), ayaa isku dayay in ay joojiyaan kacdoonka dabiiciga ah iyo nawaaxigeeda, taas oo soo afjartay la gaabin boqorka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxda, kuwaas oo maamula si ay u ururiyaan Kutepov, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u yar loogana hortegi muwaadiniinta cadheeysan tacsida Petrograd.

Mar labaad on hore

Ka dib markii Revolution February ah, sarkaalka inay waajib firfircoon ku soo laabtay. Bishii Abriil, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey Ciidankii Ilaalada Life ah. By markii ugu formation oo intaasu waxay ahayd ku dhowaad xarunta kaliya ee xagjirka ah ee jiidda hore. Inta ka hartay giirte hoos tallaabada of anti-dagaal iyo kacsanaan kacaan.

Dhanka kale Preobrazhensky ciidankii ka qayb qaatay Hakadyada Tarnopolsky. Inta uu hawlgalka this, July 7, 1917 Kutepov mar kale isaga qudhiisu kala duwanaayeen in dagaal u dhow tuulada of Mszana. Waayo, guulahaas uu, uu helay Order ee St. George degree 3aad. guutada Preobrazhensky Magaca Aleksandra Kutepova ayaa dhibcaha kala go'aan, saa'ixiinta ah waajibaadka iyo damaacinimada in hooyo ka.

Koonfurta

Iyada oo agaa of Bolshevik ee ciidanka, oo la dirireen reer Germany iyo Austria-Hungary, ugu dambeyntii burburtay. Bishii December 1917, Kutepov tagay hore oo u tegey Kiev. In the "hooyadii magaalooyinka Ruush", uu ku soo biiray Ciidamada Tabaruca. Wejiga firfircoon ee dagaalka sokeeye weli ma bilaabay. Dadka ka soo horjeeda xooggooda iyo diyaarinta ka ah dhiigga qubanaya badbaadiyey.

End of 1917 - bilowga ah ee 1918. mustaqbalka guud Kutepov qabtay Taganrog, halkaas oo uu ka noqday madaxa ciidankii degaanka. Waxaa uu haystay inay halgan kula Cas ilaalada. Bishii Janaayo 1918, White u suurtagashay in ay jebiyaan Ciidamada pro-Bolshevik in kulanka ka dhacay Matveyev Kurgan. Sida laga soo xigtay in uu taliyaha Anton Denikin, waxa uu ahaa dagaalkii ugu horeysay ee weyn ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye.

Waa in la ogaadaa in dhexeeya isaga iyo Kutepov waxaa jiray set oo ah khilaaf fikradeed. Denikin la dhigay si caddaalad ah deeqsi ah, halka Alexander Pavlovich had iyo jeer lahaa views monarchist burtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo ay isdhaaf ah oo ku saabsan nooca saxda ah ee awoodda, Kutepov ayaa mar walba oo ay taageerayaan taliyaha in sare ee arrimaha ciidamada.

ka dhanka ah Bolsheviks ah

Bilowgiiba, dhammaan saraakiisha ee adeegga ee Army White ku ahaa mid aad u adag iyo daal. apotheosis The oo ka mid ah xaaladaha ka baxsan dagaalka ahaa ololaha "Ice" ka dhanka ah Kuban (February - May 1918). In howlgalkan, Kutepov oo uu hoggaaminayay mid ka mid ah saraakiishii guutada afkiisa. Bishii Abriil, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku amri guutada Kornilov, ka dibna - Division lugta koowaad.

Bishii November, Alexander Pavlovich noqday Major General a. Habeeynimadii of ciidamada cad qaaday Novorossiysk, iyo Denikin ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha ciidamada Badda Madow Kutepov. doorashada Tani waxay u muuqatay yaab badan, sida sirkaalkii uu marna ka hor dhalmo iyaga on in xukunkii rayidka ahaa.

In booskiisa cusub sarkaal hawlan nidaam adag-hanuunsan. Isaga oo tallaabooyin daarna isaga ka gees ah colka xukuumadda cad u yimaadeen inay la yaqaan "Kutepov." taliyaha Ciidanka mas'uul ka ah ammaanka iyo xasiloonida sahayda of Novorossiysk, by sokeeye shisheeye abaabulay. Marka waxay noqotay dekedda weyn ee salka sahayda dibadda ee dhaqdhaqaaqa cad. Kutepov abaabulay xarunta cusub oo isaga noqday madaxa Nikolaya De Roberti. Waxa uu noqday of Alexander Pavlovich gacanta midig iyo fuliyaha ah amarrada military uu.

At madaxa regiments "midab"

Bishii Janaayo 1919, mar hore guud ahaan si fiican loo og Ruush hogaaminayo ciidamada Corps 1st, kaasoo ka hawl Basin Donets ah. Winter iyo gu'ga ayaa ka tagay in ay isku urursadaan ciidamada iyo difaaca bariga Ukraine. Waxa ay ahayd in muddo ah xiisadda daran ee dhammaan ciidamada of Army Tabaruca.

Xiriirka Denikin ee asxaabta badan ayaa dad badan waxaa loo doonayaa (gaar ahaan yaacsanaan kala duwanaayeen xiriirka uu la leeyahay Wrangel). Sidaa darteed, taliyaha in madax ergay Kutepov (derejadii ma aha oo ahaa sirkaalkii ciidanka) Awoodaha dheeraad ah. Gaar ahaan, Denikin isagii siiyeen "midab" regiments - muhimka ah ee White Ciidanka Ilaalada ah.

Choice, maxaa yeelay, Kutepov lahaa sumcad sida fulinta dadaala oo dagaalyahan, ma aha xiiso siyaasadda. Oo runtii sidaas ahaa. Iyadoo qaar ka mid ah la wadaago maqaarka orso dilay iyo wada hadleen mustaqbalka siyaasadda ka Bolsheviks Ruush ah la xoreeyay, guud sameeyey uu adag ganacsi hor-line.

Wajigii ugu danbeeyay ee dagaalka sokeeye

Taliyaha Ciidanka mar kale soo bandhigay inuu tayo fiican inta lagu jiro hawlgalka Kharkov ah. Waayo, adeegga Sharaf uu ka dhigay Sarreeye guud ah. Si dhakhso ah u bilaabay weerar on Moscow Volunteer Army. Ololaha ka dhanka ah magaalada qadiimiga ah Gen. Kutepov amray hubaynayo, kaas oo gaadhay Eagle ah. Markaas hawlgalka oo ceejisay oo raacay u qaxaya Novorossiysk fog. Inkastoo guuldarro ka dib markii guud ee Ruush, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u ilaaliyaan awoodda dagaal ee kala qaybsanaanta iskaa wax u qabso hoose ah - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev iyo Drozdovskaya.

In guga ee 1920 Kutepov ahaa ee Crimea, halkaasoo Baron Wrangel isaga magacaabay taliyaha mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha cad ee la soo dhaafay. At madaxa formation of sarkaalka u tageen inay dagaal ka dhan ah Northern Tavria. Inkastoo dadaalka Alexander iyo madaxda kale ee ciidamada caan ah dhaqdhaqaaqa Cad, Bolsheviks sii ay weerar. Bishii November 1920, Kutepov laga saarey ka Crimean ah.

haajirid

White Guard General Kutepov, kuwaas oo Biography waa tusaale caadiga ah ee expellees awoodda Soviet cadowga, at joogaanse ugu horeysay ee Gallipoli. Waxaa dhan oo midaysan ka badbaaday ciidanka Wrangel ah. Bishii December 1921, Kutepov la jidhkiisa kor u soo jeestay Bulgaria. Maamulka deegaanka isaga la xiray iyo dalka laga eryo. Warlord dhaqaaqay Yugoslavia, halkaas oo uu ka noqday Kaaliyaha Taliyaha Ciidamada Ruushka.

In 1924, General Kutepov iyo xaaskiisa Lidiya Davydovna Kyut degay Paris. Sarkaalka bilaabay in ay u adeegaan ee Duke Grand ah Nicholas, kaas oo inta badan ka haajirid cad waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay madaxa Golaha musaafuriyay ee Romanov. Great-adeerkiis ah Tsar la soo dhaafay Ruush magacaabay guddoomiyaha sarkaal caanka EMRO - Ruush Midowga Military.

Maxaa la sameeyaa in uu status cusub Alexander Kutepov? General aasaasay xidhiidh aad la ururada qarsoodi ah ku simaha gayiga USSR ee anti-Soviet. Wuxuu rajaynayay in ay caawimaad, haddii aadan u maamulaan si afgembiyo Bolsheviks ah, in kasta oo ay awood si ay u abuuraan dhibaatooyin fara badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee qorshaha Kutepov ayaa tan iyo bilowgii jiray failure ah.

dhimashada

unugyada "urur Anti-Soviet" ayaa si gaar ah u abuuray saraakiisha ammaanka ugaadhsan hoos iyo baabi'iyo madaxda firfircoon ee ka haajirid Ruush ee Europe. The failure ugu daran Kutepov ahaa uu iskaashi la 'Trust', kaas oo la sameeyay maamulka OGPU ah.

January 26, 1930 Alexander Pavlovich afduubtay wakiilada sirdoonka Soviet. hawlgalka ku dhiirato waxaa loo sameeyaa in Paris. Ever tan iyo maalintii in, iyo waxaa loo arkaa maalin dhimashada Kutepov ayaa, inkastoo duruufaha uu qaddar sii arrin taariikhyahanadu khilaafka. In xilligii Soviet, macluumaad ku saabsan Guud White Guard ayaa tilmaamay inay tahay "si qarsoodi ah."

Kaliya ee 1989 waxaa lagu soo waramayaa in Kutepov dhintay on cawo Bolshevik isaga usoonoolaynta ee Novorossiysk. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in askariga uu u geeriyooday wadno xanuun (suurtagalna ay sabab ahaa dose-dhaafka ah ee morphine soo bandhigay afduubayaasha). In version kale ee Guard White weli loo qaaday Moscow, halkaas oo uu ku halligmeen Lubyanka ah.

xusuusta

Maanta, waxaa jira ugu yaraan hal taallo in General Kutepov. Waxay ku taalaa on qubuuraha ugu weyn ee dalka Ruushka ee Paris Sainte-kooramka-des-Bois. Oo weliba waxaa isaga la qotomiyey Jaba guud ah. xabaashii waxaa weli, waxa uu qabtaa shaqo ah calaamad.

Warlord tagay qorkiisa lahayn, laakiin waxa isaga ka dhigay saffarro iyo saaxiibo badan oo dagaal sokeeye iyo ka haajirid. Quusiyay of General waxaa la daabacay Russia ee 2000 ka. daabacaadda muujinaysaa waxa dhab ahaan waa isku wadanka yihiin nus-illowday Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Quotes of khudbado uu wada hadalka hore oo muhiim ah la asxaabteena White Army ay soo bandhigaan a dhacdooyinka fresco gaar jahwareer Ruush.