Soo socda si ay awood of Bolsheviks ah. Sababaha Bolsheviks in ay awood u yimid

Soo socda si ay awood ah Bolsheviks, taariikhda kaas oo soo beegantay taariikhda ku Great October Socialist Revolution (November 7, 1917 in style casriga ah), u muuqday guga ee sanadka in, dhacdo macquul aheyn in badan oo Empire Ruush ah. Xaqiiqada ah in laan this of Labor Party Social-Dimuqraadiga, madax VI Lenin ku dhowaad ilaa bilood oo ugu dambaysa ee kacaanka ma aha mid aad loo jecel yahay oo leh fasalada ugu muhiimsan ee bulshada waqtiga.

Xididdada xisbiga siyaasadeed ee Bolsheviks ah

saldhig u fikirka xisbiga asalkiisu ka soo jeedo in ay 90s hore ee qarnigii 19 deegaan oo ka mid ah hore populists kuwaas oo dadkii u tegey, oo arkay dhibaatooyinka isku duba riday, kaas oo lagu xallin lahaa by qaybin xagjirka ah ee dalka, oo ay ku jiraan guryaha kireeya. Kuwani dhibaatooyinka beeraha qaadatay in ka badan hal tobankii sano iyo in ka qayb hogaaminayo ay kor u kaceen inay awoodda Bolsheviks ah. In xidhiidh la leh fashilka of jihada idink oo hawshooda u ah ee fasalka shaqada, madaxda hore ee loona (Plekhanov, Zasulich, Axelrod et al.) La wareegay-aragnimo ah ee dagaalka reer galbeedka, dib loo eegay istaraatijiyadda kacaan, barasho shuqullada Marx iyo Somalisch iyo iyaga turjumay Ruush oo waxay bilaabeen inay yeeshaan aragti dejinta nolosha ku saleysan Russia ee aragtiyaha Markis. Xisbiga waxaa la aasaasay 1898, iyo 1903, at shirweynaha labaad ee dhaqdhaqaaqa kala Bolsheviks iyo Mensheviks sababo dhinaca fikirka.

About kacdoonkii ku riyoon jiray muddo ka badan toban sano

Soo socda si ay awood of Bolsheviks diyaarinaya this group siyaasadeed muddo dheer. Xilligii kacaankii of 1905-07. ururka waxaa la socday ee London (Mensheviks - in Geneva), halkaas oo waxaa la go'aamiyay on kacdoonka hubaysan. Guud ahaan, xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga horay wakhtigaas doonayay inuu wada baabbi'iyo dowladda Saarka by abaabulka ifbixii ciidanka (on Badda Madow Fleet, in Odessa) iyo wiiqi nidaamka dhaqaale (baaqay in ay kayd ka bangiyada qaado oo aadan bixin canshuurta). Waxay waxaa lagu bixiyay hub iyo waxyaabaha qarxa Ruush (group Krasin), bangiyada dhacay (Helsingfors Bank, 1906).

Waxay ku guuldareysatay inay soo galaan maamulka rasmiga ah

Bolsheviks si on the "channels rasmi ah" maamulka Ruush sameeyay ka hor kacaankii guuldareystay yimid. Waxay qaadacay doorashooyinka ee Duma State ee hore oo kale, labaad la helay kuraasta ka yar Mensheviks ah (15 jagooyinka). Bolsheviks raagin kooban ee jirka la talinta ee dalka, sida xubno ka mid ah kooxaha ayaa lagu qabtay isku dayga in ay sameeyaan kacdoon la kaashanayo oo ka mid ah ciidankii St. Petersburg. Dhammaan xubnaha Duma ka Bolsheviks ayaa la xiray, iyo Duma laftiisa ah yeelataan shir kala diri.

Maxaa yaboohay Bolsheviks Ruush iman kara u yimaadeen inay u yeeshaan? Si kooban oo arrintan ku saabsan waxaa laga heli karaa go'aannada London (shanaad) Shirweynaha xisbiga, halkaas oo barnaamijyo ah ayaa lagu ansixiyay in 1907, "badnaan" iyo "ugu yar". Ugu yar ee Russia ayaa la siiyaa kacaanka ganacsade ah oo la yaraynta maalinta ka shaqeeya ilaa 8 saacadood, markii la afgembiyey -Raaxaysta- ah, samaynta doorashooyin dimuqraadi ah iyo xorriyadda, hordhaca ah ee is-dawladda hoose, wuxuuna siiyey xaq quruumaha in ay aayo-ka, la baabiiyo of ganaax iyo soo laabashada dalka u jeexan yaroow. ugu badnaan ee Empire Ruush ahaa in ay qaataan meel kacaanka proletarian iyo kala guurka ah si ay hanti wadaag la aasaaso xukunka dilka ah oo ka mid ah dadweynaha proletarian.

Xaaladda Russia sii waday in ay noqon daran ka dib 1907. Sababta in soo socda si ay awood of Bolsheviks mustaqbalka suurto gal ahayd, waxay ahayd in boqorka u habaynta ee wakhtigaas ma siin natiijooyin muhiim ah, su'aasha beerolay aan la xalinin, dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, ka dib guuldaradii ugu Tanennbergom waxaa fuliyey horay dalka reer Russia oo keentay in sicir barar, carqalad ah magaalooyinka sahayda cuntada, gaajo tuulooyinka.

daatay ee ciidanka ka qayb qaatay kacaankii

dagaalka waxaa ku dhintay ilaa 2 milyan oo Askar iyo ku dhowaad hal milyan oo qof oo rayid ah., abaabul wayn oo lagu qaaday (15 million Dadka.), kuwaas oo miisaanka ugu weyn ee yaroow ka kooban, kuwaas oo inta badan, oo ay la socdaan shaqaalaha kacaan, in ciidanka la yimid naxariis ee fikradaha kacaan Social ku saabsan helitaanka yaroow dadka dhulka leh dalka. set waxa uu ahaa sidaas u weyn oo dad badan oo aan xataa dhaartay, in aan ku xuso waxbarashada wadaniyiinta. Laakiin horjeeda taliska Saarka ahaayeen firfircoon horumarinta fikradaha taas oo horseeday in failure oo ka mid ah Cossacks oo askari si loo xakameeyo bannaanbaxyo caan ka dib 1915 - 1916 sano.

In taliskii Saarka tagay taageerayaasha yar

Sababaha soo socda si xoog ah Bolsheviks ama xoog kasta oo siyaasadeed oo kale sanadkii 1917 soo gabagabeeyey in taliskii Saarka in duruufaha, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u liita dhaqaale ahaan iyo siyaasad ahaanba. Isla mar ahaantaana si toos ah Nicholas II qabtay jagada ka go'ay (ama waxaa diiday macluumaad ku filan oo ku saabsan gobolka dhabta ah ee arrimaha). Tani waxay siisay, tusaale ahaan, fursad in February 1917, in la xidho warshada Putilov iyo "tuuro" on jidadka St. Petersburg, oo ku saabsan 36 kun oo qof, qaar ka mid ah ay ahaayeen sarkhaansan yihiin fikrado kacaan of Bolsheviks oo bilaabay in ay galaan shaqo joojinta shaqaalaha ee warshadaha kale. gooyo waqtiga xitaa ku tiirsanaan karin lataliyayaashiisii, sida ugu badan ee ay ka kooban pre-dagaal lagu dilay at hore iyo bedelay askari abaabuli fasalada kala duwan. boqorka Against ahaayeen ciidamada badan oo siyaasadeed ee dalka, kaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahaayeen waqti isku mid ah mucaaradka in ay midba midka kale, sida in dhinac kastaa uu lahaa qorshaha horumarinta gobolka u gaar ah.

Tiro yar ayaa la filayaa in guusha ee Bolsheviks ah

Sida of April 1917 badan oo u maleeyey in Bolsheviks waxay u yimaadeen inay awood suurto gal ahayn, sida in badan oo ka mid ah dadweynaha, beeralayda sii kordheysa, oo ay taageerayaan ku Socialist-kacaan, soo saarka lahaa xisbiga, intelligentsia ah - iyaga u gaar ah, waxaa jira xisbiyo badan oo taageera boqortooyada. Lenin ee April theses laakiin kama ay helin jawaab ku dhex Socialist-kacaan, Mensheviks iyo Bolsheviks badan hogaamiye ku bixiyeen in la siiyo ilaa jagooyinka daafaca on dagaalka iyo nabadda (waxaa laga yaabaa in kaliya this Germany "ma aragto", sida Lenin gaaray Petrograd dhulkeeda iyada oo loo marayo in la shaabadeeyey gaariga). Sidaa darteed, sababaha soo socda si xoog ah Bolsheviks waxay ahaayeen, gaar ahaan, iyo shisheeye siyaasadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, sha la soo jeediyay kala diridda ee dowladda ku meelgaarka ah iyo wareejinta awoodda in Soofiyeedku ah, oo ay la socdaan qaramayn ee dalka, halkii lagu wareejiyo bulshada ridayeen aan ku dar si ay caanka ah ee taageerayaasha Lenin ee.

isku day lagu guulaysan

Bolsheviks si xoog (1917) waxaa soo raaca isku day si uu u hoggaamiyo dalka ka hor November yimid. Bishii June ee isla sannadkaas, at Congress ka First of Workers 'iyo ciidamada' xigeenadiisa (All-Ruush), waxaa u cadaatay in Bolsheviks ee ay muhiimadda ku jiray kaalinta sadexaad ee deegaanka hantiwadaagga. At Congress ah, wafdiga ayaa diiday soo jeedinta Lenin ee si loo soo afjaro dagaalka oo la baabiiyo oo ka mid ah maamulka hadda jira. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maanka ku hayo in wakhtigaas sarkhaansan Bolsheviks ay horey u ahaayeen in regiments askartii, oo ay ku jiraan quartered in Petrograd The ciidankii ugu horeeyay ee darandoorriga (11, 3000 askari) iyo ragga baxriyiinta ah Kronstadt saldhigga ciidamada badda. Saamaynta ay ku xisbiga of Lenin deegaanka ciidamada ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in isku day ah in ay qaataan ka Palace Tauride (xarunta Dowladda ku meelgaarka) ayaa la bilaabay bishii July 1917. Maalmahan, madaxtooyada yimid ka shaqeeya warshada Putilov, askari, badmaax, laakiin ururka ee "weerar" waxa uu ahaa sidaas u xun in fikradda ah Bolsheviks ku fashilmay. Tani waxaa fududeeyay qayb kale oo dowladda ku meelgaarka, wasiirka caddaaladda Pereverzev waqti si ay u diyaariyaan iyo paste wargeys on magaalada, halkaas oo Lenin iyo kuwii la jiray ayaa lagu soo bandhigay sida basaasyo Jarmal.

Isbedelka dowladda iyo qabashada toos ah

Maxay habka kale waxaa la socda u kaca si ay awoodda Bolsheviks ah? Year galeen Weyn October Revolution ahayd hodan ku ah dhacdooyinka kala duwan. By dayrta waxaa si cad u sheegay in dowladda ku meel gaarka ah ma awoodi karo in fowdo, si formation of jidhka cusub - the-baarlamaanka Pre, taas oo Bolsheviks ku lahaa oo kaliya 1 \ 10 kuraasta. Isla mar ahaantaana xisbiga Lenin ayaa ku guuleystay inta badan ee Soofiyeedku ee magaalooyinka waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan ilaa 90% ee Petrograd iyo 80% ee Moscow. Waxaa ay taageerayaan guddi askarta oo ka mid ah jabhada reer galbeedka iyo Northern oo ka mid ah yaroow waxaa weli aan aad loo jecel yahay - dhexe ee Soofiyeedku miyiga ku xigeen Bolshevik ma jirin.

Maxaa markiiba Bolsheviks in ay awood u yimid? dhacdooyinka kooban horumariyo sida soo socota:

1. Bishii Oktoobar, Lenin si qarsoodi ah ku yimid Petrograd, halkaas oo uu ka bilaabay inuu kor u kacdoonka cusub, ma taageersani waxay, Kamenev iyo Trotsky. Shirka labaad ee lagu dalab si ay u sugto go'aanka ah Congress ah ee labaad ee Soofiyeedku (All-Ruush), muddeeyay 20 iyo wareejiyo on October 25 (style jir).
2. October 18, 1917 (sida ku cad qodobka ah Style.) Ee rugo askareed of regiments Petrograd ahaa kulan, halkaas oo waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay fuliyaan kacdoonka hubaysan ka dhanka ah xukuumadda haddii ay bilaabayso Soviet Petrograd (meesha Bolsheviks uu lahaa 90% codadkii). Shan maalmood ka dib, Bolsheviks guuray qalcaddayda ciidankii. Dhinaca Dawladda Ku-meelgaarka ah ay ahaayeen arday ka mid ah Dugsiyada tacliinta sare military iyo dugsiyada ee calammadoodii, shirkadda saameynta dumarka, Cossacks ah.
3. October 24 Bolsheviks ay xoog u qabtay telegaraafka ah, wakaalada wararka ee by kaas oo ka maraakiibta Kronshtadt yeedhay. Oo iyana ma ay siiyaan arday ka mid ah buundooyinka ah si ay u milmaan.
4. Habeenkii 24 si u suurtagashay in ay qabsadaan xafiiska dhexe, Bank Gobolka, saldhigga Warsaw ee October 25 Bolsheviks ah, dami sahayda ay xoog dhexe ee dhismayaasha dawladda, in la keeno markab "Aurora" ee Neva ah. By duhurkii, "ayuu tacsida kacaan" qabsadeen Palace Mariinsky ah. Foosha Palace Winter la dambe habeenkii dhigay, ka dib markii uu pre-toogashada oo ka mid ah qoryaha of markab ah "Aurora". At 2 saacadood 10 daqiiqo 26 October meelgaarka Dowladda dhiibay.

Revolution qariyo kordhinta tirada dhibbaneyaasha

Cawaaqibka soo socda si ay awood of Bolsheviks ah ayaa dhaawac in Russia, iyada oo sababtu tahay guusha ula tegey awoodda in Petrograd (ku dhowaad ee guud ahaanteed, marka laga reebo Duma City ee Petrograd), dawladda cusub ee Bolsheviks ah, oo uu hoggaaminayo Lenin (Golaha Commissars Dadka). Laakiin Dadka Badankiisu ma xakameeyo dalka, taas oo keentay in dagaal sokeeye, burbur dheeraad ah ee dhaqaalaha, taasoo keentay, baniadamka, in gaajo iyo dhibanayaasha badan.