Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich, commissar Dadka: Biography, abaalmarinta, photos

Litvinov ahaa commissar Dadka ee Arrimaha Dibedda ee USSR ee 1930-1939 sano. Muddadan, Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa aqoonsi ah kama dambaysta ah ee beesha caalamka.

sanadaha hore

The mustaqbalka Dadka commissar Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich waxa uu ku dhashay on July 17, 1876 qoys Yuhuudda. Wiil Education helay dugsiga dhab ah Bialystok. Taasi waxaa xigay shan sannadood oo adeeg ciidanka. Native in Litvinov noqday guutada 17aad Caucasian lugta ee ku sugan Baku.

In 1898 ayay raaceen by dhigis. Markaas Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich biiray RSDLP. Imaanshaha ee Kiev, wuxuu noqday xubin ka mid ah guddiga xisbiga ee degaanka. qayb muhiim ah oo shaqada ee samaynta Litvinov ahaa gurigii daabacaadda sharci darada ah, kaas oo la daabacay alaabta ololaha. Waraaqo iyo qoraalo loogu talagalay shaqaalaha maxalliga ah iyo yaroow.

The xiray iyo baxsado Russia

In 1901, booliska qarsoodi ah Saarka dabagal Kiev hantiwadaagnimadu shaqeeya daabacaadda wax sharci darro ah. Raacay by qabtay. Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich xabsiga ku jiray. Laakiin ee soo socda, ee 1902, uu, wada jir ah ula 10 Saaxiibadayda kale ka baxsaday xabsiga. Marka lacag la'aan ah, kacaan, haajirtay fog Switzerland, kaas oo ay markaas uu noqday guri madaxda badan ee xisbiga. Waxaa Litvinov ku hawlan caadi ah. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa distributors muhiimka ah ee wargeyska "Iskra" ee Russia noqday.

In 1903, waxaa jiray caanka ah II xisbiga Congress, at taas oo xisbiga kala jabeen laba qaybood - ka Bolshevik iyo Menshevik. Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich biiray Lenin iyo taageerayaashiisa. Isla mar ahaantaana uu hayo saaxiibtinimada iyo camaraderie la Mensheviks qaar ka mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan Vera Zasulich ah, Leon Trotsky, Yuliem Martovym, iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

kacaanka ugu horeysay ee

Soon kacaanka dheer la sugayay Ruush. In 1905, Bolsheviks ah taasoo lid ku ah lacagta qalaad ayaa abaabulay sahayda hubka ururada proletarian soo horjeeda maamulka ee Russia. Shaqada Tani waxay keentay in ay ka mid yihiin Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. mas'uulkaas Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee xisbiga Biography waqtiga ahaa tusaale u ah qof ku hawlan wax badan oo hawlaha maamul oo kala duwan.

waayo-aragnimo Rich ayaa loo ogol yahay Litvinov mustaqbalka noqon in Kooxaha ugu mudan ee u talin jiray gobolka Soviet ku saabsan xuquuqda ka mid ah "awoodda wadareed". Diraya hubka Ruushka ahaa hawlgal khatar ah. Laba markab oo, kaas oo qalabka posted Litvinov, ugu danbeyn ku dhufatay orday, oo inta aan la gaadhin dekedda.

Dalka UK,

Habeeye xisbi Litvinov shaqeeyay Camo. The Bolsheviks inta lagu jiro Kacaanka ugu horeysay ee Russian ayaa sidoo kale mas'uul ka ahaa qaybinta ee hubka. Marka kacdoon ah oo caan ah ayaa ku baabba'ay, Kamo noqday hawlan arimahan waayo laftiisa ganacsiga sharci-darrada ah. Waxa uu dhergiyey kulan lacag kaash ah ay sabab u tahay boob hay'adaha dawladda. Sidaas Tiflis wareegidda abaabulay ee 1907. Waxaa ka qeyb Koba - mustaqbalka Stalin.

Litvinov, iyo sidoo kale saaxiibo kale ee xisbiga riyaaqay lacagta bililiqeystey bangiyada Ruush. In 1908, ayuu waxaa lagu xiray dalka France. Sababta lagu hayo ahaa afduubka biilka ah oo isku dayay in la beddelo Bolshevik ah. France ayaa laga eryey Litvinov UK. The soo socda toban sannadood, ilaa kacaanka ee soo socda, Litvinov ku noolaa London.

Start dhaqdhaqaaqa diblomaasiyadeed

Ka dib markii Bolsheviks in ay awood u yimid, beesha caalamka waa maqlana jawaabay in xukuumadda cusub Ruush. Britain oo diiday in ay aqoonsadaan taliskii Soviet. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxba uma looga hortago dalalka ay matalayaan xiriir aan rasmi ahayn. In London Lagu Aqoonsado noqday Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Guddoomiyaha, madaxa hore ee wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee Soviet ee 30-ka, uu mustaqbalkiisa diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu bilaabay inuu waqti.

Litvinov ahayd doorasho macquul ah. Waxa uu ku noolaa mudo sanado badan in London, ogaa luqadda Ingiriisiga iyo xaqiiqooyin maxaliga ah. Dowladda Britain ma si toos ah isaga soo xidhiidh hay'adaha dawladda, laakiin in ay ku riday in ay ku cusub ee rasmiga ah ee Ruush gaar ah. Tan iyo in Europe dagaalka weli ka dhex socota dalalka Entente iyo Germany, maamulka lahaa si loo hubiyo in ay ogaadaan waxa ka socda ee Petrograd iyo Moscow.

Case Lockhart

Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Arthur Balfour Xariirinta la marayo kormeer ah ee aadanaha, Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov isaga ku saabsan Lenin iyo go'aamada Xisbiga. Diblomaasi jiray jirey ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in cusub dowladda Soviet yaboohay dadka dunida degdeg ah, taas oo loogu tala galay saxiixa heshiis gaar ah la Jarmalka. Laakiin marka hore habdhaqanka of Bolsheviks ee London ahayd arrin saaxiibtinimo.

Bishii Janaayo 1918, Britain diray in Russia ay wakiil cusub. Waxay noqday Robert Lockhart. Litvinov, isaga ku kulmay London, isaga siiyey warqad la socda magaca Trotsky, kaas oo si wanaagsan la hadlay oo ku saabsan Rasuul this. Dhawr bilood ka dib British ah ayaa la qabtay oo laga saaray dalka basaasiin. Dacwaddiisa, ay la socdaan isku day on Lenin, wuxuu ahaa ku andacoonaya bilowga of Terror Cas. Dowladda Britain, ay jawaab u qabashada safiirkeeda qabtay Litvinov. 10 maalmood oo xabsi ah, ka dib markii taas oo uu si nabad ah ayaa la badelay for Lockhart wuxuu qaatay.

Commissariat The People ee Arrimaha Dibadda

Back ee Russia, Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov bilaabay inuu si toos ah u shaqeeyaan ee Commissariat Arrimaha Dibadda. Uu tababaraha muddo dheer madaxa waaxda this, Georgy Chicherin. Ambassador ayaa ka qaybgalay wadahadalo badan la leedahay dalalka Entente. Waxa uu isku dayay in la dhiso xiriirka dalalkaas ka dib markii dowladda Soviet saxiixay gaar ah nabad Brest la Kaiser ee Germany. bixitaanka Early ka dagaalka in kasta oo ay waajibaadka huwanta muddo dheer dumay sumcadda Bolsheviks ahaa indhihii wadamada reer galbeedka ee.

In 1920, Lenin magacaabay wakiilka Soviet qaabkii hore ee cusub ee Estonia. Waxay noqday Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Biography The ninkan waxaa ka buuxay oo dhan cayn kasta oo ay booqatay. dalalka Baltiga ka dib Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Russia, gaari xornimada. Hadda waxaan u baahan tahay si ay u dhisaan Litvinov ahaa mid ka mid ah xiriirka gabi ahaanba cusub, iyadoon loo eegeyn ee la soo dhaafay ka Imperial.

xigeenka Chicherina

Oo wakhtigii hore ee diblomaasiyadda ee Soviet in tirada ay ahaayeen darbooyin tuurtuurayay sida Maksim Maksimovich Litvinov. Kacaanka, diblomaasi, ninkii aqoon ballaaran - waxay ahayd "jir" Bolshevik iyo riyaaqay kalsoonida badan ee hoggaaminta dalka. Ma aha la yaab leh in in 1921 waxaa loo magacaabay commissar xigeenka Dadka arrimaha debedda.

Litvinov lahaa xiriirka adag oo uu ka xoogbadan, Chicherin. Labada ahaayeen xubno ka mid ah kadago iyo shirarka hoggaanka Soviet top inta badan dhaleeceeyay go'aannada kasta oo kale. mas'uulkaas kasta qoray qoraalo qaaditaanka aflagaaddada uu soo horjeeda.

Aqoonsiga sharci ee Midowga Soofiyeeti

In 1922, dalalka reer galbeedka, si wadajir ah ula RSFSR lagu qabtay Shirka Genoa, oo waxay bilaabeen hawsha aqoonsi iyo is-dhexgalka ee dawladda Soviet siyaasadda caalamiga ah. Mid ka mid ah xubnaha wafdiga ka Moscow ahaa Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Biography kooban oo ninkanu waa tusaale ka mid ah 20-30th ah model Soviet muddo diblomaasi.

Ka dib markii shir ay ku xigeenka commissar Genoa sameeyey guddoomiyaha Shirka Moscow ku dhigista ka dib bilawga ah ee dunida, kuwaas oo goob joog ka ahaa wakiillo ka socda dalalka deriska ah - Finland, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia iyo Latvia. Podnatorevshy Litvinov xaalkan, marka lagu daro, waxay bilaabeen in ay ka shaqeeyaan in ay League of Nations. Markii Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa waxaa ugu dambeyntii aqoonsan beesha caalamka, Litvinov, dhinaca Soviet bilaabay inuu keeni Guddiga Caalamiga ee ka dhigista ee jirka this muhiim ah - horreeyay ee QM.

Stalin ee commissar

In 1930 Chicherin ayaa casaan ka post ee Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee USSR. post Tani waxaa degan ku xigeenkiisa Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Zaman commissar Stalin The People ayaa isku dayay inay ku baaqaan in siyaasad ah detente la West ah. Waxa uu ka soo jeestay dhab ilaa iyo inta Stalin uu go'aansaday in ay ahayd waqti ay ku soo dhawaanaya inay Hitler.

Stalin ee 30meeyada hore runtii loo baahan yahay diblomaasi doonteen, Litvinov Maxim. Photo commissar si joogto ah helo wargeysyada reer galbeedka intii uu safarada joogtada ah ee dibadda. Waxa uu si joogto ah u safray Mareykanka, doonaya aqoonsiga Washington ee sharcinimada Midowga Soofiyeeti. Ugu dambeyntii ee 1933, in dadaalka commissar dadka mahad, ayaa waxaa la aasaasay xiriirka rasmiga ah ee Soviet-American.

Writer iyo wariye

Maxaa kale sameynayo madaxa diblomaasiyadda Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich? Books in commissar Dadka badan oo qoraal ah in 30-ka, waxay sheegeen in uu ahaa theorist khibrad leh. Waxa uu ahaa qoraaga buuggaag yar yar iyo articles badan.

Litvinov qoray ma aha oo kaliya isaga qudhiisa, laakiin sidoo kale idman daabaco resonance qaar ka mid ah. In 1931, markii Japan ay weerareen Shiinaha, commissar Shacabka "qabtaa" ee "News" gabay anti-militarist Demian saboolka ah. initiative Tani ma jeclaan Stalin, kuwaas oo aan weli garan sida in ay ka faa'iidaystaan xaaladda hadda ka jirta Bariga Fog. Ka dib markii dhacdo taas, kadago u xukumay go'aanka, kaas oo badheedh u qaaday Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. Works magiciisa u saxiixay ka dib dhacdada, ayaa lagu daabacay kaliya ka dib markii la tixgelinayo aragtida ah hoggaamiyaha.

ceyriyay

Waxaa la socdo dagaalka, iyo in waqtigaas, Stalin gaaro nadiifinta a mass in hoggaanka ugu sarreeya gobolka. Ku dhowaad dhammaan xubnaha guddiga qaranka ayaa bartey xiray iyo toogasho. Litvinov ahayd nasiib - uu ka badbaaday, waayay post kaliya. In 1939 wuxuu lahaa oo ay la dagaalamaan Vyacheslav Molotov - Madaxweynaha dowladda, iyo Stalin ee gacantiisa midig. Markii dambe ayaa meesha ka saaray Litvinov, oo meeshiisiina waxaa jiray Molotov, kuwaas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan u saxiixay heshiis aan gardarada leh Nazi Germany.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic, sida safiirka Mareykanka iyo Cuba ahaa Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich. The People ayaa Commissariat iyo diblomaasiyiinta ay xidhiidh la leeyahay Maraykanka markay ku biiray dagaalka ka dhanka Germany. Cilmi-Qaar ka mid ah ayaa xusay in ay bilaabeen dagaal hubaysan kula Hitler, Litvinov ka qabtay iyo dil badbaadiyey. The NKVD iyo wax sameynayo, laakiin waxa aan la keenay in la joojiyo.

Litvinov iyo argagixisada

Halkaas wax ay sameeyaan kuwa argagixisada Stalin laftiisa Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich? "Family" ee Bolsheviks u kala qaybsamo 20 ah, iyo commissar mustaqbalka ka dibna ay taageerayaan Stalin, oo sidaas ay awoodaan in ay fuulaan salaanka shirkadaha.

Iyo, tusaale ahaan, marka in 1934 Stalin mamnuucay in la sii daayo ee dalka ka saynisyahan UK Petra Kapitsu yimid, in Litvinov warqado u qoray Cambridge, xaq xal maamulka ay. Commissar Dadka wuxuu ahaa fuliyaha dadaala doonistii hoggaamiyaha, iyadoo la raacayo ay booska iyo amar.

Diblomaasi joojiyay shaqada firfircoon ee 1946, markii uu meesha ka saaray. Waxaan ku noolaa Moscow. Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich, abaalmarinta oo ay ka mid ahaayeen Order of Lenin iyo Order ee Banner Cas Shaqada, waxay ahayd a qiimaha Midowga fariistay. Waxa uu ku dhintay December 31, 1951 of wadno.