Polymerization of propylene: jaantuska formula isla'egta

Waa maxay polymerization propylene? Maxay yihiin qaababka koorsada cadaanyo kiimikada? Aynu isku day inaad hesho jawaabo faahfaahsan su'aalahan.

Soocista xeryahooda

Scheme reactions polymerization of ethylene iyo propylene muujiyaan kiimikaad caadiga hantiyeen by dhammaan xubnaha fasalka ee olefins. Magacan aan caadi ahayn of class this ahaa magaca jir ah loo isticmaalo ee saliidda warshadaha kiimikada. In chloride ethylene qarnigii 18aad waxaa la helay, taas oo ahayd walax dufan leh dareeraha ah.

Waxaa ka mid ah muuqaalada dhammaan xubnaha fasal ee Consort aliphatic roodhida la soco joogaan iyaga oo ku of bond a double.

polymerization xagjirka ah ee propylene lagu sharaxay by joogitaanka ee qaab dhismeedka of bond walax double ah.

formula guud

Dhamaan wakiilada taxanaha homologous of alkenes formula guud ayaa _2n foomka C _n H _ah. lacagta aan ku filnayn ee hydrogen in feature dhismeedka sharxayaa guryaha kiimikada ee Consort kuwan.

isla'egta of falcelinta of polymerization of propylene waa xaqiijin ah si toos ah macquul noocan oo kale ah ee isgaarsiinta soconin isticmaalaya heerkulka sare iyo Hannaan.

Roodhida yeedhay allyl xagjirka ah ama 2-propenyl. Maxaad polymerization of propylene waxaa lagu fuliyaa? wax soo saarka ee dhexgalka tani waa dabaqi karo Avv caag synthetic, taas oo, ee jeedo, waa in baahida loo qabo in industry kiimikada casriga ah.

guryaha jirka

polymerization Propylene isla'egta The Xaqiijiyay ma aha oo kaliya kiimikada, laakiin sidoo kale ka mid ah guryaha jireed oo ah walaxda. Propylene waa walax gaseous la dhibcood karaya hoose iyo barafku. Wakiilka fasalka ee alkenes ayaa milmi dayac badan oo biyo ah.

kiimikaad

Isleegyo reaction polymerization propylene of isobutylene oo muujinaya in hannaanka curaarta double. monomers ku haboon yihiin alkenes ah, iyo wax soo saarka dhamaadka of this dhexgalka waa polypropylene iyo polyisobutylene. Taasi bond carbon-carbon ah dhexgalka sida burburto doonaa, iyo ugu dambeyntii soo dhisi doono dhismeedka ku haboon.

bond The double of formation of bonds cusub kaliya. Sida polymerization propylene qaadataa meel? farsamo ee habkan ay la mid tahay habka ka dhacda dhammaan xubnaha kale ee fasalka this ee Consort roodhida.

falcelinta polymerization of propylene ku lug leedahay dhowr embodiments baxsiga. Xaaladda hore geedi socodka waa la fuliyay in marxaladda gaaska. Sida laga soo xigtay muuqashadii labaad, dareen-celin ka soo baxa wajiga dareere ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, propylene iyo soo baxa polymerization in ay qaar ka mid ah geeddi-socodka huriye ku lug leh isticmaalka sida dhexdhexaad dareen-celin ah shidaalka dareere cokan ah.

technology casri ah

polymerization Propylene ee bulk on technology Spheripol waa isku dhafan ee nuclear-slurry ah wax soo saarka ee homopolymers. Geedi socodka ku lug leedahay isticmaalka gaaska-waji lakabka psevdozhidkostnym nuclear-ka si ay u abuuraan copolymers block. Xaaladdan oo kale, reaction polymerization propylene ay ku lug dheer ee hay'adaha Xoojiya socon dheeraad ah, iyo prepolymerization qabashada.

Features habka

farsamada ay ku lug isku qasin qaybood ee qalab gaar ah oo loogu talagalay pre-beddel. Next, walaaqdey lagu darayaa nuclear-loop polymerization ah, waxaa bixisey, iyo hydrogen, iyo propylene qaaca.

tigoodu Work waxaa lagu fuliyaa at heerkulka laga bilaabo 65 ilaa 80 degrees Celsius. Cadaadiska nidaamka kama badna 40 bar. Tigoodu ee loo qoondeeyey ee taxanahan, waxa loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha loogu talagalay in lagu sameeyo tiro badan oo ah waxyaabaha polymer.

From nuclear-labaad, xal polymer waxaa loo qaaday. Polymerization of propylene in xal ku lug leedahay kala iibsiga ee degasser cadaadiyay. Waxaa qaadeen ay ka saareen homopolymer particulate of monomer dareeraha.

wax soo saarka ee copolymers block

polymerization Propylene isla'egta CH2 = CH - CH3 in xaaladda this leedahay hab ay percolation caadiga ah, waxaa jira kala duwanaan keliya ee shuruudaha habka. Wada jir ah ula propylene iyo budada ethene ka degasser waa in nuclear-waji gaaska a hawlgala at heerkul ah oo ku saabsan 70 degrees Celsius iyo cadaadis ah oo aan ka badnayn 15 bar.

copolymers Block ka dib markii laga saaray nuclear-ka waxaa la quudiyey si polymer a particulate dhammayn gaar ah ka nidaamka monomer ah.

Polymerization of propylene iyo saamaynta butadiene noocyada adkaysi u ogolaanaya isticmaalka nuclear labaad wajiga gaaska. Waxa ay u ogolaataa in la kordhiyo heerka propylene in polymer ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay suuragal tahay in lagu daro lagu daro in wax soo saarka la dhammeeyayna ay, isticmaalka granulation ku kordhinaya tayada wax soo saarka ka dhalanaya.

Cayimayo of polymerization of alkenes

Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya samaynta polyetylen iyo polypropylene. polymerization Propylene isla'egta wuxuu kuu ogol yahay in ay fahmaan in codsiga la filayo ee heerkulka a. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, kala duwan qaar ka mid ah ka jira heerka ugu dambeeya ee silsilad geedi socodka, iyo sidoo kale in goobaha isticmaalka alaabta final.

waxaay sheegayaan The isticmaalo Beeyada, kaas oo ay leeyihiin guryaha rheological fiican. Waxa ay Qolol heerarka socodka dhalaalid, guryaha jirka la mid ah kuwa qalabka kaas oo ay leeyihiin index a socodka dhalaalisa hooseeyo.

Beeyada isagoo guryaha rheological fiican, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in geedi socodka la duray wax taaj oo kale ah, iyo in ay dhacdo macdantaa saarka.

Si loo hagaajiyo hufnaanta iyo xoog of qalabka polymeric saarayaasha isku day in aad ku darto in ay isku dar dareen crystallizes lagu daro gaarka ah. Qayb ka mid ah polypropylene qalabka hufan si tartiib tartiib ah u bedelo qalabka kale ee duurka ku ah wax taaj oo kale dhabar jab iyo shubay abuurka.

Features polymerization

Polymerization of propylene in joogitaanka carbon shaqeysiin si deg deg ah soo baxa. In dhismaha hadda codsatay Hannaan carbon la biraha kala guurka ah, oo ku salaysan awood adsorptive ee carbon ah. wax soo saarka polymerization The waa la helay isagoo sifooyinka hawl aad u wanaagsan.

Beegyada uu ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka polymerization ku dhaqmo heerka fal-celin iyo miisaanka kelli oo ka kooban stereoisomeric of polymer ah. Qiimaha oo uu leeyahay nooca jirka iyo kiimikada ee Hannaan ah, dhexdhexaad ah polymerization, heerka uu ka khayroon daahirnimo oo ka mid ah qaybaha nidaamka falcelin.

polymer toosan waa la helay in wajiga dhqaalaha iyo Nuurre Aw, haddii su'aasha ah ee ethylene. Sababtuna waxay tahay maqnaanshaha regioisomers walaxda. Si aad u hesho polypropylene isotactic, isku day in aad isticmaasho chloride titanium iyo aluminium xeryahooda adag.

In codsanaya adsorbed adag on chloride titanium crystalline ka (3), waxaa suurto gal ah si ay u helaan wax soo saarka oo leh sifooyin la doonayo. joogta ah daaqaddii side ma aha arrin ku filan isuna stereospecificity sare ah Hannaan ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii ay dhacdo doorashada iodide titanium (3) waxaa qaadanaya polymer more atactic.

Qaybaha Hannaan kor ku xusan waa qof Lewis ah, sidaa darteed la xidhiidha doorashada ee dhexdhexaad ah. The jawi wanaagsan ugu waa isticmaalka Consort inert. Tan iyo chloride titanium (5) waa adsorbent firfircoon, xulay Consort inta badan aliphatic. Sida polymerization propylene qaadataa meel? formula Product waa (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) n. la mid dareen-celinta in la sii wado in xubnaha kale ee this geynta reaction laftiisa taxane homologous.

dhexgalka kiimikada

Falanqeeyaan fursadaha asaasiga ah ee propylene dhexgalka. Ka fiirsaneysa in ay qaab-dhismeedka ayaa bond a double, falcelinta ugu muhiimsan si hufan dhici ay u baabba '.

halogenation waxaa fuliyay Heerkulka. At meesha of farqiga xidhiidhka adag dhacdaa halogeen goysiga direen hey'adaha. Waxaa la aasaasay xarunta digalogenproizvodnoe Natiijada dhexgalka this. Waxa ugu adkaa ee ka dhacaya iodization. Bromination iyo koloriin ku soo baxa oo aan wax shuruudo dheeraad ah oo qiimaha tamarta. Fluorination of propylene explosively soo baxa.

reaction hydrogenation The ku lug leedahay isticmaalka xawaaraha oo dheeraad ah. Hannaan The dhaqmo sida platina, nickel. Sidaas darteed of dhexgalka kiimikada ee propylene la hydrogen, propane waxaa ahbaa - wakiil ka socda fasalka ee Consort cokan.

Fuuq (xidhiidha biyo ah) waxaa lagu fuliyaa by xukunka aayadaha Markovnikov. Its nuxurka ka kooban yahay inuu ku biiro debaajiga double in la eb hydrogen ee carbon of propylene taas oo uu leeyahay ay lacagta ugu badan. War sidee halogeen ku lifaaqan C, taas oo uu leeyahay tirada ugu yar ee hydrogen.

Waayo, propylene oxygen hawada sari caadiga ah. Sidaas darteed of dhexgalka this waxaa laga heli doonaa laba waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan: carbon dioxide, uumiga biyaha.

Marka tallaabo oo ka mid ah oxidants xoog kiimikada sida -KP, waa midab la fiirsanayo. Waxaa ka mid ah wax soo saarka falcelinta waa khamriga a dihydric (tones).

Diyaarinta propylene

All hababka loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn: sheybaar, warshadaha. In shaybaarka heli kartaa propylene la hareen ee halide hydrogen ka haloalkyl bilaabo markii loo feydo xal khamriga ah hydroxide sodium ah.

Propylene waxaa soo saaray hydrogenation horseed ee propyne. walaxda ku hoos jira xaalad shaybaarka laga heli karaa by fuuq of propanol-1. reaction kiimikada waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida Hannaan ah phosphoric ama sulfuric acid, xabagta aluminium.

Sida loo helo propylene tiro badan? Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in nooca kiimikada waa mid dhif ah, ayaa la soo saaray embodiments warshadaha oo dhanba la helo. The ugu caansan waa doorashada ee alkene ka alaabta batroolka.

Tusaale ahaan, in saliidda cayriin arrinkaas in a sariirta buusho gaar ah. Propylene waa la helay by jajab baatrool pyrolysis ku. Currently alkene iyo go'doon ka gaaska la xidhiidha, waxyaabaha gaseous dhuxusha coking.

Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo fursado ah pyrolysis propylene:

• in Foornooyinka tube;
• in nuclear-isticmaalaya coolant quartz;
• habka Yakobson;
• pyrolysis autothermal habka Bartlomiej.

Ka mid ah qashinka warshadaha waa in la ogaadaa teknoolajiyada iyo dehydrogenation horseed ee Consort cokan.

codsiga

Propylene uu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo codsiyo, oo sidaas daraaddeed soo saaray on qiyaasta weyn in industry. Saftay hydrocarbon ah roodhida ku xidhan tahay ka shaqeeya Natta. Qarnigii labaatanaad bartamihii isticmaalkiisa Ziegler, horumariyo technology polymerization.

Natta isotactic maamula si ay u helaan wax soo saarka taas oo iyaga lagu magacaabay isotactic, tan iyo qaab dhismeedka kooxaha methyl ah waxaa lagu abaabulaa on hal dhinac oo silsiladda. Iyada oo ay taasi muuqashadii, "baakadaha" ee u taagoo polymer ah, waxyaabaha ka dhalanaya polymeric leeyahay sifooyin farsamoyaqaanka fiican. Polypropylene loo isticmaalo soo saaridda macdantaa dardaro, sida la sheegtay in mass caag ah.

Qiyaastii toban boqolkiiba saliidda baabbi'iyey, waayo, wax soo saarka ee xabagta propylene dhanba. Ilaa dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, taas wax organic helay by habka chlorohydrin ah. dareen-celin ka soo baxa iyada oo formation of propilenhlorgidrina dhexe. In technology this waxay leedahay cillado gaar ah kuwaas oo la xidhiidha isticmaalka chlorine qaali ah oo lime aan biyuhu uga.

Maalmahan habka chalcone ayaa bedelay technology ee. Waxay ku salaysan tahay is dhexgalka ee kiimikada ee propene la hydroperoxides. xabagta Propylene waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ereygu wuxuu propilengligolya socday soosaarka wiilku afkuu ka polyurethane. Waxay waxaa loo tixgeliyaa lama filaan ah aad u fiican u dhuuqin qalabka, si tag abuurka ah ee baakooyinka, roogaga, alaabta guriga, qalabka kulaylka qalabada, cabitaanno iyo warbaahinta filter sorbent.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ka mid ah codsiyada ugu muhiimsan ee loo baahan yahay in la xuso propylene ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee acetone iyo khamriga isopropyl. khamriga Isopropyl, isagoo dareeraha aad u fiican, waxaa loo arkaa a alaabta kiimikada qiimo leh. In horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, alaabta organic waa la helay by habka acid sulfuric.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, technology ee fuuq si toos ah propene si hordhac galay reaction ey Xoojiya acidic. Qiyaastii kala bar oo dhan propanol soo saaray galaa Avv acetone. reaction Tani waxay ku lug tirtirista hydrogen waxaa lagu fuliyaa at 380 degrees Celsius. Xoojiya in habkan waa zinc iyo copper.

Waxaa ka mid ah qaybaha muhiimka ah ee isticmaalka hydroformylation propylene degan meel gaar ah. Xoojinaya oo u dhaco si wax soo saarka ee aldehydes. Oksisintez ee dalkeenna waxay bilaabeen inay in la isticmaalo ka dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dareen-celin this kaalin muhiim ah in industry kiimikada. falcelinta kiimikada ee propylene la gaaska ereygu (isku dar ah ee carbon monoxide iyo hydrogen) heerkulka a of 180 digrii, Hannaan xabagta Cobalt iyo cadaadis ka mid ah 250 atmospheres lagu arkay dhismaha laba aldehydes. Mid ka mid ah uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka caadi ah, labaad - silsilad carbon qalooca.

Isla markii laga helay habka this, inay tahay ficil this waxa uu noqday diiradda ah cilmi saynisyahano badan. Iyagu waxay fiiriyeen Waayo, jidadkiisa si loo yareeyo shuruudaha ay dhacdo, isku dayeen in ay yareeyaan boqolkiiba ey isku keentay dhismaha aldehyde jahaysteen.

Ujeedada this waxaa la hindisay hababka dhaqaale ku lug leh isticmaalka Xoojiya kale. Waxaa suurto gal ahayd in la yareeyo heerkulka, cadaadiska, la kordhiyo dhalidda ee qaab-dhismeedka aldehyde toosan.

Esters ee looxa acid kuwaas oo sidoo kale la polymerization ee propylene waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida copolymers ah. About 15 boqolkiiba propene kiimikada waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qalab laga bilaabo in la abuuro akrionitrila. component The organic looga baahan yahay wax soo saarka ee fiber kiimikada qiimo leh - nitrone, abuuridda of balaastigga, wax soo saarka caag.

gunaanad

Polypropylene waxa hadda loo soo saarka kiimikada ka ugu weyn. Baahida loo qabo ka tayo sare leh-iyo polymer kharashka yar kordhay, sidaas waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah uu bedelay polyetylen ah. Waa lagama maarmaan in la abuuro baakadaha adag, taarikada, filimada, qaybo ka mid baabuurta, warqad dardaro, Xadhig, gogo 'rooga, iyo sidoo kale in la abuuro kala duwan ee qalabka guriga. In wax soo saarka hore polypropylene qarnigii kow iyo labaatanaad ayaa kaalinta labaad in industry polymer ah. Iyada oo la tixgelinayo baahida warshado kala duwan, waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in mustaqbalka dhow u janjeera ee wax soo saarka ballaaran ee propylene oo ethylene.