Pithecanthropus - waxaa la xiqiijiyay in ... ee asal ahaan aadanaha

Waayo, in ka badan hal ama kunkan sanadood, saynisyahano iyo aqoon yahanno waxaa ku dooday in ka badan waxa qarsoon ee asal ahaan aadanaha. Waxaan Malo ahayn, fikrad, aragtida. Laakiin waxaa jira cadaymo cusub ee muranada ka mid ah ama fikrad kale, si aan innaba loo aragtiyaha kala markan aan la xaqiijiyay.

aragtida ugu caansan ee asal ahaan aadanaha

1. aragtida diinta. Waxaa ugu qadiimiga ah. Taageerayaasha of aragti this u muuqdaan in ay ka fikirto sarraysa, muuqaalka rabbaaniga ah ee dadka ku abuuray dhulka.
2. Cosmogony. Cosmogonists ku doodaya in asalka ah ee Dadka waa nooca runtan, si ay u khuduuca sare ee dayrta ee Falag buu ku faafay guud ahaan caalamka. Dareenkan, waxaa la rumeysan yahay nolosha dhulka - qof tijaabo.
3. Dabiiciga ah, asal ahaan dunida. Aasaasihii of aragti this - naturalist ku Charles Darwin, kuwaas oo horey male ah in nin waxaa soo degay ka fageeyo ee geedi socodka evolutionary. Taasi waa dhan nolosha dunida korkeeda si degdeg ah ama goor dambe xuubsiiban (qabsado xaaladaha external) oo sabab u ah doorashada dabiiciga ah, kaas oo ku lug leh baaritaanka baxay noolaha daciif ah iyo badbaadada ee xoogga. Faracoodii yihiin hiddo ahaan la isugu gudbiyo warbixin ku saabsan waafajinta, taasoo keentay in noocyada ahaan umuuruhu.

Horumarinta ee aragtida ah ee horumar

Followers of this aragtida, loo yaqaan "classical Darwinism", waa dhiiran tahay in ay aaminsan yihiin daanyeer a sabab u ah doorashada dabiiciga ah si tartiib tartiib ah u qoondeeyey si heer sare ah ee horumarinta.

Continued si ay u horumariyaan aragti ah ee Darwin ee qarnigii 19aad, saynisyahan Jarmalka Ernst Haeckel, kuwaas oo soo jeediyey in mar waxaa jiray marxaladda dhexe ee horumarinta oo u dhexeeya daanyeer oo nin, oo wuxuu siiyey magaca uun this - Pithecanthropus, loo tarjumay ka Laatiin ah - "daanyeer". Waa maxay xiiso leh, cilmiga aragti keliya ku tilmaamay noocan ah. Ka dib oo dhan, lafo helaa isagoo aan ahaa. Haeckel sidoo kale soo jeediyay, halkaas oo uu degganaan karin Pithecanthropus - tani qayb koonfur-bari Aasiya.

Caddaynta aragtida Darwin ee

In qarnigii 19aad, la xiqiijiyay in la xaqiijiyay by cilmibaadhe reer Holland Ezhenom Dyubua helay hadhaagii ku qeexay isagoo jasiiradda of Java. cilmi ka dib ayaa helay caddaymo cusub ee aragtida ah - in ay excavations qarnigii 20aad lagu fuliyay si guul ah in Africa, iyo marka lagu daro hadhaagii ah ee nin daanyeer helay qalab uu sameeyey oo dhagax ah.

In 1927, u dhow Beijing (China) paleontologists ogaaday alaabtayda oo cajiib ah si ay u sahamiyaan - hadhaagii 40 shakhsiyaadka (rag, haween iyo carruur). Morphologically iyagu ma ay kala duwan yihiin Pithecanthropus ah, siday u kala horreeyaan, ayaa waxaa lagu waday in ay dacawo this, laakiin dhaqan ahaan (noocyo kala duwan oo qalab), noocan ah daanyeer qaar ka mid ah Headway on Jidka si aadanuhu casriga ah. Pithecanthropus - oo qaraabo ah oo ay shakhsiyaad kuwan, kuwaas oo ku noolaa jeer hore. Sida laga soo xigtay hadhaagii helay, saynisyahano siiyey magaca nuxurka - Bekiin ee Man (Chinese daanyeer-dadka).

cilmi casri ah

Currently, cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in awoowayaasha si toos ah aadanaha waa mid aad u hore - nuujiya daanyeer-sida, saldhigga horumarka ee parapithecus dhigay.

Parapithecus - shaqsiyaadka daanyeer muuqday 35 milyan oo sano ka hor. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen xoolaha ku noolaa geedaha, taasoo ku calaamadsan bilowgii horumarka aadanaha on gacanta ku hal, iyo ku kale - noocyada casriga ah ee la fageeyo: Gibbons, orangutans.

Driopithecus muuqday 18 milyan oo sano ka hor. nuujiya waxay ku nool yihiin geedaha iyo dhulka. Waxay noqday awoowayaasha mamsiibo casriga ah, Saayiq iyo jir Australopithecus.

asalka ah ee habilis faaftay

Australopithecus - dacawo ah daayeer in noolaa 5 milyan oo sano ka hor, hadhaagii ay ayaa laga helay Africa, meelaha treeless. Waxay lahaa afar adimada dhaqaaqin meel bar-xodan Labo Lugood cawl. Kobaca iyaga gaadhi karo 150 cm, miisaanka - 50 kg. forelimbs australopithecines Free ay awoodaan in ay mushtarka hab ugaarsiga (ilaalin) - ulo, dhagaxyo. Australopithecus - waxaa ploto- iyo herbivorous daanyeer-nin, ayaa la isugu keenaa in adhigii la dhala u gaar ah. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah fikradaha, kaas oo waxaa jiray marxaladda soo socota ee silsiladda evolutionary - faaftay habilis.

habilis faaftay u muuqday oo ku saabsan 2-3 milyan oo sano ka hor. Qaab-dhismeedka jirka waa u lahayn wax ka awoowe degdeg ah oo kala duwan - Australopithecus, laakiin ay barteen in baayac mushtarka ah walxaha heer hoose ah. habilis faaftay bilaabay Pithecanthropus.

erectus faaftay oo sapiens faaftay

Pithecanthropus, Sinanthropus - laba dacawo ka tirsan noocyada la mid ah, erectus faaftay. Siidi by ee fossils helay, saynisyahano ku soo gabagabeeyey in ay lahaayeen muuqashadii dembigooda ka weyn in Australopithecus badan nin. korriimadooda gaadhay 160 cm, mugga maskaxda - ka 700 si 1200 mitir oo saddex jibbaaran. Arag, waxay lahaayeen tiixtiix qarkeedii weyn ma ridday garka, dhabanno ballaaran. Waxaan ku noolayn 2 million - 200,000 oo sano ka hor, oo hoosyimaada la dhala gaar ah ku jirta hoygooda - godadka. Ogaa sida loo dhiso lagu daydo oo dheeraad ah oo casri ah qalabka, halkii habilis faaftay. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Pithecanthropus - tani daanyeer-nin, mar hore waxay leedahay xirfadaha dhigoodu wanaagsan. Tani uun, kuwaas oo ogaa sida wax loo kariyo dab, bartay si ay u difaacaan, hoy ka cimilo xun, si loo ballaariyo ay kala duwan, inay ka cabsadaan in uu naftiisa.

Neanderthals - marxalada labaad ee horumarinta, jiraye muddada glacial (250,000 - 35,000 oo sano ka hor). Travo- iyo carnivores ay awoodaan in ay taran iyo joogteynta dabka, noocyo kala duwan oo qalab (mindiyaha, han, scrapers), bartay in uu soo dhaweeyo mas'uul ka ah in waxqabadka ugu waxtarka badan (labka ahaayeen ugaarsato, haweenka - jaraysaa baqtigoodana, ururinta xididdada la cuni karo, dhirta).

Cro-Magnons ayaa bedelay ee silsiladda evolutionary of Neanderthals, waxay ahaayeen xubnaha ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah sapiens faaftay noocyada. Ku noolaa 50 000 - 40 000 oo sano ka hor. Tani waa anthropologically ku dhow yahay inuu u khuduuca aadanuhu casriga ah. kobaca gaadhi karo 180 cm, mugga ee maskaxda -. 1400 cc, qofka wuxuu lahaa foodda sare, tiixtiix qarkeedii badan oo maqan (sida ka horreeyay). Cro-Magnons ay awoodaan in ay articulately hadlo, sida laga arday garka caan ah, hoy dhisay, tosheen ayaa qarbeddada kala saaro qalab shaqo adag (lafta, dhagax, Silicon), ay awoodaan si ay u qurxiyaan. Muujisay xiisaha ay u qabto diinta iyo farshaxanka.

Haddaba aragtida ah evolutionary asal Aadanahu waa ugu badan oo uu leeyahay magac gaar ah - anthropogenesis.