Ammonia. guryaha Chemical, guryaha jireed. Dalbashada iyo helitaanka

jidadka caravan isgoyska dhow Oasis North Africa Cammoon - taariikh ahaan la aqoonsan yahay ammonia guriga. Wadaadada u sujuudin ilaah Aamoon, inta lagu guda jiro cibaadaysi ay isticmaali nitride hydrogen markii kululeeyo ur ammonia exuded. Waxay ahaayeen yeedhay amoniany cad magaca ammonia ka waayahaas yimid.

saynisyahano casriga ah ma aysan baran inay soo saaro oo kaliya ammonia saafi ah, si ay isaga ka heli karo wax badan oo ka mid ah codsiyada, laakiin sidoo kale ay awoodaan si ay u kiciyaan u taagoo walax design ah oo farmashiye wareegyada xirfad loo yaqaan "nitride hydrogen." Gaar ahaan qaabeynta Britain ammonia waa in ay tahay Ahraamta joogto ah, sida kuwa goob joog Avv koowaad ee mukhaadaraadka this ee qadiimiga Masar.

Nitrogen waxa uu ku yaalaa at vertex hoostiisa tixgelin Ahraamta ka dhigaysa la atamka hydrogen curaarta horjeeda ee. eb The nitrogen ee xarunta ayaa labada ciyaaryahan ah unshared of electrons, waa xaalad aasaasiga ah ee muuqaalka kore ee awoodda ammonia si ay u sameeyaan silsiladihii hydrogen deeq-aqbalana iyo, waqtiga ay ku jiraan qol leh steel weyn ammonia polarity Britain sababa dhexgalka xoog leh u dhaxeeya. Sidaas darteed, ammonia caan ka duwan guryaha iyo sifooyinka xeryahooda noocan ah.

Iyada oo urka ammonia sumadda kasta, waxa ay ku xiran yahay dhalashada of ammonia, taas oo gaas ah midab, xumbo hawada laba jeer. Waayo, qofka waa sun ah, ayaa milmi sare.

Ammonia waa sifooyinka kiimikada ee shows ay sidoo kale inta badan ay sabab u tahay labada electron unshared. Waa inay awoodaan inay la wareegaan proton ah, oon la xirrira ra'iyi ammonium ah. The aqueous xal of ammonia (oo loo yaqaan ammonia dareere) qabo fal wax yar ka xumadoodu. Helitaanka ammonium cusbada by reaction la acids kor u ammonia. guryaha The kiimikada ee xarunta this yihiin nucleophiles ama complexing la mid ah.

Dhinaca kale muujinayaa sifooyinka ammonia iyo acid daciif ah oo awood u leh ficil leh biraha, la xirrira amides. Amides oo ka soo jeeda Biraha alkali dul-gaadhista ammonia. Imides, nitrides iyo cusbada dhowr biraha waxaa laga heli by qabashada falcelinta ee ammonia dareere ah. Nitrides diyaariyeen kulaylinta biraha jawi nitrogen ah.

In amides biraha hydroxides guryaha Cad. A xal la mid ah amide-ammonia alkali ee cusbada yihiin kirishbooyada wanaagsan oo koronto ah.

kiimikaad ammonia marka la soo bandhigaa phenolphthalein, midab leh midabka cas, Intaa waxaa dheer ee natiijada acid in ay dhexdhexaadnimada lalana. kulaylinta ammonia ogol yahay in ay u muuqdaan sida reductant ah. Waa in ay gubaan oxygen awoodaan, natiijadu waa biyo ah iyo nitrogen. In lagu qayilo ee ammonia si aad u hesho Hannaan ah platina xabagta nitric, wax soo saarka ah ee ereygu wuxuu warshadaha ee nitric acid.

Yaraynta nitrogen awood loo isticmaalo nadiifinta meelaha biraha ka oxides inta lagu guda jiro, kabida. In lagu qayilo ee ammonia la haybokollorayt sodium (joogitaanka qasabka ah ee gelatin) hydrazine loo diyaariyey. Reaction la halogens (chlorine, iodine) saartaa waxyaabaha qarxa.

Sidaas darteed, muhiimad weyn leedahay Avv warshadaha ee ammonia. Xasaasiyada diyaarintiisa ayaa qaab dhexgalka of nitrogen iyo hydrogen. Waxaa lagu magacaabaa habka Haber ah. Sidaas darteed of exotherm falcelinta dhacdaa mugga hoos iyo. Xaaladaha ku habboon ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee ammonia waa heerkulka hooseeya iyo cadaadis sare.

Qaado account guryaha kiimikada ammonia dhalidda ee walxaha qaar ka mid ah u dhaqmaan sida Xoojiya hawshan galay. Isticmaalkooda waxaa suurtagal ah in dardar ee hoganaya.