Noocyada iyo magacyada macmacaanka (liiska)

Waayo, dadka intooda badan, nacnac - dawayn jecel yahay in kaliya ma ahan farxin karaan aad u dhadhan, laakiin sidoo kale in ay ka farxiyaa iyo dar tamarta. macmacaanka Kuwani noocyo kala duwan ah waxaa loo diyaariyey dhowr qarniyo, iyo magaca nacnac ah (liiska oo la soo bandhigay maqaal) ee wakhtigaas wax badan ayaa iska beddelay.
Maqaalkani waxa uu ka hadli doonaa noocyada dhaqmo macaan heli maanta ganacsiga macmacaanka, sida ay u kala duwan yihiin iyo sida waxa loo yaqaan.

Markii ay halkaas ka heli?

dhaqmo Sweet, barametereka ee macmacaanka aannu u jecel, jeclaaday ee dalal kala duwan tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. Sidaas kariya ee qadiimiga Masar abuuray macaan malab ah, beeyo liin, xididdada iris, oo cawsduurka iyo taariikhaha, oo dadka Roomana way - ka soo abuurka kariyey calaamada, nuts, malab iyo sisinta miisaanka. In Russia jecel yahay taxadir ka dhigay sharoobada Maple, malab iyo molasses.

Naca u eg maanta, ayaa lagu soo saaray oo keliya qarnigii XVI ee Italy ka. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in ayaa lagu beddelo waxsoosaarka warshadaha oo sonkor ah, iyada oo aan taas oo ma suurtowdo in ay soo saaraan macmacaanka. Markii hore waxa la filayay, in ay ahayd arrin daroogada xoog badan, oo waxaa loo iibiyey oo kaliya farmasiyada. Waqti ka, candied ee sonkor ah, ay la odhan jiray shokolaatada, dayn inay noqon daawooyinka, oo waxaan noqday macmacaanka oo caan ah.

Waa maxay?

Erayga "nacnac" yimaado afka Ruushka ka Talyaani, halkaas oo confetto macnaheedu yahay "pill, nacnac." Markii hore, waxaa la isticmaali by farmashiistayaasha Talyaani inuu magacaabo xabbadood oo midho candied - miro candied iibin sidii daawooyinka. Foomka jamac ah - "nacnac" - muuqday xoogaa dambe ee qarnigii XIX ah, marka waxay noqotay mahrajaano Talyaani caan ah, kaas oo ay ka qaybgalayaashu ku tuuraan confetti at midba midka kale - nacnac been abuur ah ka malaastaan sameeyey.

Maanta, hoos macmacaanka ah cajiin macaan oo tusinaysa kala duwan ee foomka, muuqaalka, dhadhanka iyo dareen taabasho.

Maxay yihiin?

kala duwan oo casri ah ee macmacaanka waa sidaas u weyn oo duba badanu ku soo kor kala saaro. Waxa kale oo aanu la yaabanahay waxa aan ka iibsan kartaa noocyo kala dukaan macmacaanka, oo magacyadoodiina Dhawa sicad kala duwan karaa saarayaasha kala duwan. The iibsada Ruush ugu caansan iyo baahida:

• Karamell. Waxay ka kooban tahay molasses iyo sonkorta.
• Nac nac. Mid ka mid ah ugu sahlan ee soo saaridda ee alaabta macmacaanka, taasoo ka timi molasses karinta, sonkorta ama sharoobada hadhuudh. The helay Halabuurka dhadhan iyo ku shubtay galay qaabab kala gaar ah. Liiska magaca macmacaanka waxaa hoos lagu soo bandhigay.

- nacnac karamell,

- nacnac qori;

- naca ku duudduuban oo warqad,

- naca jilicsan - monpase;

- nacnac likorays ama cusbada leh,

- nacnac ah elongated ama kiish-qaabeeya. Magacyada iyo sawirro "ulaha" sida iyo "ulaha" waxaa hoos lagu soo bandhigay.

• Iris, inta badan loo yaqaan Everton. Magaca Tani waxay la iman shaqeeyay bilowgii qarnigii XX ee St. Petersburg Faransiis cajiin Morna, kuwaas oo arkay isku mid ah oo nacnac leh Tent iris ubaxa. Waxay ka samaysan yihiin caanaha, subagga iyo sonkorta iyo waxa ku jira oo muhiim u ah hawlaha caadiga ah ee jidhka ah ee vitamin B _12. "Tuzik", "Qiish-Qiish", "Golden Key", "Ladybirds caanaha" - dhammaan magacyada oo nacnac xilligii Soviet. List butterscotch ka dibna, sida aad ka arki, yaraa.
• naca Chocolate. Iyada oo ku xidhan buuxintii oo ka mid ah noocyada soo socda ayaa distinguished:

- Sixniga, sida "caanaha Bird ayaa" ka, kaas oo sidoo kale oo la odhan karaa a "shimbir yaab", "shimbir Bogorodskaya", "wintergreen" iyo kuwo kale,

- dubay nuts laga heli karaa nuts burburiyo sonkorta, sharoobada miro ama malab ka buuxiyeen. Kuwani waa naca sida "nuts dubay in shukulaatada", "galidda sheeko cirfiid", "Strawberry dubay nuts" oo kale;

- Praline - nacnac shukulaatada ka buuxsamay shiilantay sonkor iyo kookaha nuts qasan khamri ama dhadhan kasta oo kale, "buro", "Babaevskie", "Shokonatka", "Juliet";

- liqueur ku jira gudahood nacnac walxahaas ka sharoobada sonkorta ama khamri liqueur "liqueur cream", "Gudiida Chocolate", "maro jilicsan buluug ah", oo

- in nacnac la buux jelly ka yar lakabka ah ee shukulaatada waa berry qaro weyn ama malmalaado khudaar, "Lel", "Night Southern", "guumaysgeesaleyda", "Gulf" iyo kuwo kale,

- "Sweet" ama macmacaanka la buux fondant, oo ka soo jeeda caanaha, sharoobada, cream, sonkorta, buuxinta miro, iyo qaybaha kale ee, "Mia", "Rakhat", "Spanish Night" iyo kuwo kale,

- truffles - shokolaatada raaxo soo koobay, oo la cream gaar Faransiis buuxsantay - ganache. Waxaa la sameeyey ka subagga, kareem, shukulaatada iyo noocyo kala duwan oo dhadhan. oogada sare la mariyaa laga yaabaa in la burburiyo ama dhulka nuts, ama cad xabbad canjeero ah budada kookaha.

taariikhda shukulaatada

Jeclaaday by badan shukulaatada nacnac u muuqday sahamisa caanka mahad - Hernando Cortez helay qaarada American. Waxa uu ahaa isaga iyo saaxiibbadiis la keenay digirta kookaha Europe oo soo bandhigay Yurub in shukulaatada. Monk Benzoni qeyb ka xaqiiqda ah in shokolaatada noqday isticmaalka joogta ah si ay u ilaaliyaan caafimaadka ee Boqortooyada reer Spain, iyo isaga oo ka timi ka dib. Later fashion ee nacnac shukulaatada ku faafay dalalka kale, halkaas oo qofka wax raadayn kara iyaga loo isticmaalo sidii daawo. Ilaa qarnigii XVII ee Spain soo saaray confectioners shukulaatada keliya iyo nacnac soo baxay waxaa ka mid ah, iyo macmacaanka maxkamadaha badan boqornimada diray. Waqti ka, qarsoon ee samaynta nacnac shukulaatada ogaaday dalalka kale, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII, waxaa iyaga ka dhigay by gacanta.

Like nacnac muuqday Russia?

Warshadda ayaa macmacaanka ugu horeysay ee wax soo saarka ee shokolaatada la furay dhamaadka qarnigii XVII kuugga cajiin Faransiis Davidom Shelli. Ilaa qarnigii XIX ee Russia ee ma jirin wax soo saarka gaarka ah ee nacnaca iyo hadiyadaha dibadda uga keenay, ama diyaarinta kuugga gaar ah jikooyinka ee Guryaha gobta hodanka ah. The warshad ugu horeysay macmacaanka Ruush waxaa la furay sanadkii St. Petersburg oo kaliya ee bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah.

Sidii hore loo yeedhay nacnac?

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, ilaa XIX qarnigii, nacnac ama laga keeno si ay dalka dibadda uga ama ka dhigay ee guriga ku saabsan guryaha iyo daaraha waaweyn oo gobta ahaa. Waayo, macmalay guriga magacyada sharaxaad siin macmacaanka, oo la xiriira qaabka, habka diyaarinta, qiimaha loo isticmaalo by midho iyo khudrad. In buugga "The confectioner New Perfect Ruush, ama Dictionary macmacaan oo faahfaahsan", daabacay dhamaadka qarnigii XVIII ee St. Petersburg ah, waa kuwa noo funny magaca nacnac sida cake Strawberry iyo karamell cagaaran khudaar, naca Jasmine iyo marzipan kamuunta fudud sonkorta Cherry abrikot iyo naca.

horyaalka warshadaha

Furitaanka warshad macmacaanka Ruush ugu horeysay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in at bilowgii qarnigii XX ah, Koox ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan ee shokolaatada. Markii ugu horeysay ayaa waxaa ku badan cuntada Faransiis iyo magacyada nacnac, liiska kaas oo ahaa mid aad u ballaaran,

• "Burhaantiisa de gashtay";
• "Finshampan";
• "Creme de rizen";
• "Boule de-d";
• "Creme de nuazon";
• "Maron Praline" iyo kuwa kale.

Waqti ka, magaca Faransiis of shokolaatada lagu turjumay Ruush, oo u tegey on sale, loogu talagalay iyadoo la raacayo naxwaha Ruush, "Wax labeen Venus," "Cat ayaa carrabka", "Leather xaasnimada", "Kabiin". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mararka qaarkood, loo isticmaalo, iyo magacyada laba luqoodlayaasha ah ee macmacaanka, sida "daray la luul ama luul Koriandor". confectioners Ruush cusub, abuuray by macmacaanka, magacaabay durba Ruush iyo inta badan loo isticmaalaa magacyada la xiriira oo ahaa taswiirihii reer jinsi cadaalad ah, "Sophie", "Marianne", "yuul Carmalka The", "Fisherwoman", "Marsala". Soosaare iyo taxanaha waxbarasho, sida "ku maqan." On duuban ee nacnac kaalinta xujo fudud. Ka hor inta aan dhacdooyinka kacaan ee 1917 soo saaray taxane shukulaatada "Sports", "dhuleed Atlas," "dadyowga reer Siberia" iyo kuwa kale.

macmacaanka Soviet

Ilaa October Revolution ee 1917, oo aad ka iibsan kari lahaa nacnac "Royal Raspberry" ama "Tsar Fyodor Mikhailovich." Meeshii isaga ku xigtayna magacyada nacnac ayaa u xuub bedelay. Sales, karamell "ridayeen" iyo "Army Red," "Hammer oo cell" iyo "our warshadaha". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shokolaatada waxaa inta badan hayn horyaalka French: "Dern Kirii", "Miniatures", "Chartreuse," "bergamot", "Peperment" iyo kuwa kale. Waxaan aan ku fikirka uu colka magacyada dhexdhexaad ah sida, sida "DABAGAALE", "Scamps" iyo "bakayle". magacyada Soviet oo nacnac cusub fikiri dhacdooyinka iyo guulaha hadda. Sidaas awgeed waxa la soo saaray ee 30meeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay:. "Halganka farsamada", "diyaar", "Sabantuy", "Milkmaid The", "Chelyuskinites," "Heroes ee Arctic ah", "guusha barafka"

Fatxi ee meel nin ee 60-mada ay qarnigii XX ka muuqatay in muuqaalka kore ee "Space" macmacaanka iyo "Space". Ilaa waqti isku mid ah, waxa ay noqotay caan ah inay soo galaan magaca shokolaatada iyo magacyada heer sare ah oo characters suugaanta: "Snow xaasnimada", "La Bayadere", "Blue Bird", "Sadko", "Little Red Riding Hood" iyo kuwa kale.