Ninka nidaamka xiriirka bulshada. Qaybta akhriska

In kasta oo gobolka waxa aan ahaa in bulshada kasta, iyadoo aan loo eegayn waxa stage of horumarinta ha ka welwelin, waxay had iyo jeer waa nidaam adag oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah isdhexgalka, jilayaasha taas oo u adeegta dadka. Xaaladdan oo kale, falalka hal shaqsi ee ma laysan kala duwan ee isdhexgalka kuwaas, maxaa yeelay qofka in koorsada ee ay nolosha bulshada abuuraa fuliya ama xubin ka mid ah bulshooyinka aadanaha kala duwan - kooxaha bulshada. Ficil kala duwan ee xiriirka dadka kale, waa side hadaf leh oo ka mid ah qiyamka xubno dhaqanka, dabeecadaha in la aqbalo ee bulshada, kuwaas oo. Sidaas darteed, qof ee nidaamka bulshada xiriirka ma aha oo kaliya, shaqsi ahaan, laakiin sidoo kale koox bulsho, bulsho, kuwaas oo uu yahay. Daraasaddu waxay of this ifafaale ku xiran yahay laamaha badan ee sayniska.

Fiirsaneysa inay ninkaas waa nidaamka xidhiidhka bulshada, falsafadda diiradda badanaa su'aalaha jiritaanka caalami ah, kuwaas oo qofka sida waxa uu yahay adduun, waxa ay mustaqbalka iyo la soo dhaafay, iyo wixii la mid ah.

tixgelin cilmiga ku lug leedahay waxbarasho ee arrimaha ka badan wax ku ool ah. Waxaa ka qabanayaa arrimaha ay ka midka amar: in uu yahay dadka in nidaamka xidhiidhka bulshada, waa maxay qaab-dhismeedka bulshada, sida deegaanka gudahood oo isdhexgalka ka dhacaan. Sociology ka timaadaa xaqiiqda ah, at jaleecada hore, xaqiiqo dhab ah oo wada socda in bulshada aadanaha, taas oo jooga caalamka, isagoo uguna tirada, waa inay awoodaan si ay u abuuraan kala duwan ah ku dhowaad aan la koobi karayn bulshooyinka, noocyo kala duwan oo guryaha iyo sifooyinka. In this view cilmiga soo jeedisay in haddii bulshooyinka naftooda, kuwaas oo, sida shakhsiyaad, qaybaha ay, fixability ku filan (explicative), halkan waa wax aan macquul aheyn in ay waxba ku saabsan xiriirka ah in la horumariyo u dhexeeya dadka ku odhan. By habka, dhab ahaantii tani waxaa la tilmaamay waqtiga Ogyust Kont - aasaasihii cilmiga sayniska ah, taas oo ah in ay "Positive Philosophy" dooday in xiriirka kuwanu waa qarsoon, iyagu waa maadiga ahayn, aan qiimo lahayn. Bixiya si ay u sameeyaan isdhexgal aadanaha maadada sayniska gaar ah, Comte dar dar geliyay in ay soo bixitaanka of tiro ka mid ah hababka, dugsiyada sayniska, fikradaha in loo tixgeliyaa in dhibaato ka dhigan dadka nidaamka xiriirka bulshada.

Marxism micneeyey dhibaatada kaliya ee hab waxyaalaha, isagoo sheegay in shirkadda aan sameeyay shakhsiyaad sida, iyo isdhexgalka iyo xiriirka ay, ugu horreeya oo dhan - dhaqaale. faham isku mid ah bulshada iyo dad meesha ku jira waxaa laga helaa aragtiyaha casri ah oo dheeraad ah. Tusaale ahaan, qiyaastii meel isku mid ah u yimid sociologist weyn American Pitirim Sorokin, marka dejinta uu aragti of stratification bulshada, kuwaas oo hadda waa classic ah iyo mid ka mid ah daaweynta ugu weyn ee bulshada casriga ah.

Si loo caddeeyo dhibaatooyinka ay ku hayaan in horyaalka ee maqaalka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah, ugu horreeya oo dhan, fahamka category ah "xidhiidhka bulshada", "xidhiidhka bulshada". Culimada qaarkood ayaa waxa ay u arkaan nooc ka mid ah walxaha hoose ee bulshada, gelin on par leh qaybaha "maadada bulshada", "hawlaha bulshada." Iyo mid kale oo ah, u sameeyaan ku salaysan qalab soodajiyo ee cilmiga bulshada.

Si kale oo eegaya dhibaatada jeedinaya fiirsaneysa xidhiidhka bulshada ee labo macne. In cidhiidhi ah - marka ay ka hadlayaan xidhiidhka jaaliyadaha bulshada gaar ah, sida caadiga ah - Kooxaha bulshada waaweyn iyo bulshada. In dareenka ballaaran, xidhiidhka bulshada wax xiriir laga yaabaa in ay jiraan inta u dhaxaysa dadka ee koorsada of hawlo badan oo ay. Iyada oo ku saleysan hab this, dadka ku jira nidaamka xidhiidhka bulshada, lagu daro kasta oo ka mid ah kooxaha lalana ay guushu ku this nidaamka isu bilowgii upbuilding, co-hay'ad co-actor.

Society, sida nidaam adag oo isdhexgalka, wajaho sayniska sida arrin muhiim ah, dhibaatada of sida loo kala saaro noocyo kala duwan oo this of xiriirka, haddii ay macquul tahay in la dhiso mid model wax jaranjaro, waxa jira xaalado falalka aadanaha nooca iyo wixii la mid ah.

Waa in la aqoonsado in taariikhda ma soo saaray hab nidaamsan hal si loo caddeeyo su'aasha, waxa ay dadka ku jira nidaamka xidhiidhka bulshada, maxay yihiin isbedelada ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ay booska nidaamka.

Materialists falanqeeyaan wajigan si gaar ah eegaysana ee aragtida materialist. hab Non-waxyaalaha, daaweynta booska qofka ee nidaamka xidhiidhka dadwaynaha, labadoodaba waxa ay kaalinta ugu weyn ee guryaha arrimaha ruuxiga ah. Noocan oo kale ah qaybinta a xiriirka bulshada ee wax ruuxiga ah iyo - aad, si aad u wanaagsan u odhan kartaa. Sidaa darteed, si ay u taariikhda, sayniska waa in ugu horayn nidaamsan hawl - si aad u ogaato shuruudaha ku filan iyo bulsho khuseeya soocidda dadka oo dhan kala duwan ee hadda jira ee xiriirka bulshada. Sababtoo ah oo keliya hab this ka dhigi doonaa suurto gal ah si weyn in la baaro doorka iyo meel ka mid ah nin ee nolosha ka mid ah oo kala duwan ku biirinaya bulshada.