Paul Yablochkov: Biography kooban, photos, been abuurtay. Furitaanka Yablochkov Pavel Nikolayevich

Maanta waa adag tahay in la qiyaaso in erayga "korontada" ma aan ogayn oo dhan oo ku saabsan 100 sano ka hor. In sayniska tijaabo ma fududa in la helo horyaal ah, labadaba afka baarkiisa ah. In buugaagta iyo qoraal, Archimedes, Aragtida Baytagooris, Aragtida binomial, nidaamka Copernican, aragti Einstein ee, miis wareegsan ... Laakiin magaca qofka abuurtay nuurka korontada, qof kasta oo aan og yahay.

Eebaha abuuray sibraar galaas timaha biraha gudaha - guluubka fudud? Ma ahan wax fudud in aad ka jawaabto su'aashan. Ka dib oo dhan, been abuurtay wuxuu ka Qisoon dersin saynisyahano. In saf ah ay - Pavel Yablochkov, Biography kooban waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in this article. Tani hindisa Ruush taagan ma aha oo kaliya by koritaanka (198 cm), laakiin sidoo kale ka shaqeeya. Shuqulkiisa aasaaska u dhigeen, waayo, nalalka by korontada. Aan waxba ee bulshada sayniska weli socon hey'ad ah cilmibaadhaha sida Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. Taasi waxay abuurtay? Jawaabta su'aashan, sidoo kale xaqiiqooyin badan oo xiiso leh oo ku saabsan Paul kale Nikolaevich, waxaad ka heli doontaa in this article.

Asal ahaan, sano oo waxbarashada

Marka Paul Yablochkov (photo kor ku xusan ayaa muujinaya isaga) waxa uu ku dhashay, ee gobolka Volga ahaa daacuunka. Waalidkiis waxay cabsi badda weyn, oo sidaas daraaddeed iyagu ma ay u oggolaan ilmaha kaniisadda ee baabtiiska. In taariikhyahanadu aan micne lahayn isku dayeen in ay ka heli magaca Yablochkov diiwaanka kiniisadda. waxay ahaayeen labadiisii waalid dadka dhulka yar, iyo Paul ee carruurnimada Yablochkov aamusnaan maray, in guri ay dubaan waaweyn oo leh qolal bar madhan, mezzanine iyo Geedkeeda.

Marka Paul ahaa 11 sano jir, wuxuu u tegey si ay u bartaan in gymnasium Saratov ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in muddo 4 sano ah ka hor inta Nikolai Chernyshevsky, macallinka freethinker, machadkan ee St. Petersburg arday Corps tagay. Paul Yablochkov bartay dugsiga muddo dheer. Muddo ka dib, qoyskiisa iyo aad ugu caydhoobeen. Out of xaaladda this ka mid ahaa - xirfad military, kaas oo uu hore u soo bandhigaan dhaqan qoys. Markaasaa Bawlos ku tegey Yablochkov Pavlovsky qasriga boqortooyada ee St. Petersburg, taas oo la odhan jiray Castle Mikhailovsky ka wakiil ah dadka deegaanka ay.

Yablochkov - Injineer military

Ololaha Sevastopol waqtigan ayaa hore u la soo dhaafay (in ka yar xitaa sano ah). Waxaa muujiyey awoodiisa badmaaxa, iyo sidoo kale farshaxanka sare oo qalcado qoyska. Engineering Military gelin sannadahaas joogay premium a. General EI Totleben, oo noqday caan ah intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Crimean ah, shaqsi ahaan waxa kobciya Engineering School, oo hadda bartay Pavel Yablochkov.

Uu Biography sida calaamad oo intaas oo sannadood ku nool guriga martida César Cui, injineer-guud, kaas oo baray dugsigan. Waxa uu ahaa talanti, iyo xataa laxamiistaha iyo music naqdi ka badan ardayda hibada leh. Isaga oo heeso iyo opera maanta ku nool yihiin. Waxaa laga yaabaa in kuwani waa sano ah ku qaatay magaalada, waxa ay ahayd farxada badneyd for Pavel Nikolayevich. Waxa aan la kartoo, waxa uu weli ma ay isxigaan oo deyn. aragti Great weli ma iman isaga si, si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyo niyad, kuwaas oo markii dambe uu naftiisa ka buuxsamay, weli ma ahaa.

dib u dhac ugu horeeyay ee Yablochkov marka ka dib markii qalin jebinta uu dalacsiiyay Sarreeye labaad by adeegga diraya Sapper ah Ciidankii shanaad waxaa loola jeedaa ciidankii qalcaddayda Kiev. battalion xaqiiqada, kii uu kula kulmay Pavel, in yar oo la mid ah, injineer nolosha hal abuur leh oo xiiso leh kuwaas oo ku riyooday isaga ee St. Petersburg. Military ee Yablochkov ma shaqeeyaan, sannad ka dib uu iska casilay "sababo la xiriira xanuun".

yiqiin hore korontada

Ka dib markii this muddo ugu saldhigan bilaabay in nolosha Pavel Nikolayevich. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ka furtay mid ka mid dhacdo in soo baxday in aad u muhiim ah in uu qaddar. sano ka dib markii si lama filaan ah isku casilaan u muuqataa in mar kale Nikolaevich Army Pavel ku Yablochkov. Biography waxaa ka dibna waxay tageen xagga jidka gebi ahaanba kala duwan ...

alifay mustaqbalka u tababaran ee hay'adda galvanic Farsamada. Halkan aqoontiisa berrinkii "galvanism iyo magnetism" (erayga "korontada" sida aynu ku yidhi, weli ma jiraan) balaadhinta iyo khilaafaad. injineerada badan oo caan ah iyo cilmi yar yar ee dhallinyarada, sida our geesi, cilada dhex primerivayas nolosha, meelsha, raadinaya wax, ilaa oo dhan lama filaan ah laakiin kama ay helin waxa aad raadineysay. Markaas jirrabaadda lahayn ha ku dhex habaabina keeni kara. Sidoo kale, 22-sano jir ah Pavel helay yeedhistiisu - korontada. Waxa uu naftiisa in uu Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich u go'ay. Been isaga by sameeyey, ayaa dhamaantood ku xiran korontada.

Jobs ee Moscow, si uu ula kulmo dad cusub

Pavel ugu danbeyn ka tago ciidanka. Oo wuxuu u kacay Moscow iyo adeegga telegaraafka maamulka ugu dhakhsaha badan madax Tareenka (Moscow-Kursk). Halkan at its qubo shaybaar, aad hore u eegi kartaa qaar ka mid ah, in kastoo fikrado wali ku dhiiran. Pavel waa bulshada midaynta saynisyahano xoog iyo sayniska. In Moscow, uu u barto oo ku saabsan bandhiga Polytechnique kuwa xaqa ah u furay. Waxay soo bandhigaysaa guulihii ugu dambeeyey ee qalabka guriga. In Yablochkov muuqan oo shurako ah, asxaabta, kuwaas oo, isaga qudhiisu sida, dhimbiiluhu korontada dareen - nin-dhigay hillaac yar! Iyadoo mid ka mid ah, Glukhov Didenko, Pavel go'aansado inuu furo uu "ganacsi". Waxaan ka hadleynaa isweydaarsi universal korontada.

U soo guurista Paris, patent a on shumac

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ayuu keeni" ee ay qarxi. Tani waa sababta oo ahaa dalka alifay kuwii dhegahala'aana iyo Yablochkov ma ahaayeen ganacsato. Si looga fogaado xabsiga caydh ah ee, Pavel Nikolayevich si deg deg ah in ay dibadda aadaan. In guga ee 1876, ee Paris, helay patent a for "shumac korontada" Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. war abuurashadoodii The of this aan la haddii aadan u ah guulaha hore ee sayniska. Sidaa darteed, noo sheeg si kooban iyaga oo ku saabsan.

laambadihii History in Yablochkov

Waxaan ka dhigi a kulan digression ka go'an taariikheed yar si ay u sharxaan been abuurtay Yablochkov ugu muhiimsan, oo aan waqti isku mid ah ee kaymaha farsamo. Ilayska koowaad waa qori ololaya. Waxaa la og yahay in Dadka tan iyo wakhtiyadii innoo. Markaasaa (in Yablochkov) ayaa abuurtay toosh ugu horeysay, ka dibna laambad saliid ah, iwm - shumac muddo ka dib - laambad la shito ah, iyo ugu dambeyntii, siraad gaas. laambadihii Oo intaas oo dhammu, in kala duwanaanta oo dhan, midoobeen hal mabda 'caadiga ah: gudahood iyaga wax ololaya marka la isku daro oxygen.

war abuurashadoodii The arcing

aayadaha Petrov, saynisyahan a talented Ruush kuwaas oo in 1802 ku tilmaamay waayo-aragnimo in isticmaalka xubno galvanic. hindisa waxa uu helay arc koronto, abuuray iftiin dabiici ahayn korontada ugu horeysay ee adduunka ee. Hillaac waa iftiin dabiici ah. About waxaa muddo dheer la og yahay in Dadka, wax kale waa in dadka ma kasaynno wax ay dabeecadda.

Modest Petrov ma soo diri doonaa shuqul ku qoran Ruush. On ma waxaa loo yaqaan in Europe, sidaas dheer sharaf ee furitaanka ARC ee loo aaneeyey inay u farmashiyaha Davy, farmashiyaha caanka English. Dabcan, waxba ku saabsan gaarey Petrova uu ogaa. Waxa uu ku cel celiyo wixii uu soo maray ka dib 12 sano oo loo magacaabay in sharaf of kooxda Fluminense bisha ARC, jirka dadka caanka ka Italy. Waxa xiiso leh in kooxda Fluminense bisha aad u A. waxa ay leedahay gabi ahaanba waxba u qaban.

laambadihii Arc iyo khasaaraha la xidhiidha iyaga la

Furitaanka of saynisyahan Ruush iyo af Ingiriis oo dar dar geliyay in ay soo bixitaanka of aasaas cusub arc laambadihii, korontada. Waxay soo dhawaaday labada electrodes, ARC bexeen ka dibna u muuqday iftiin dhalaalaya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, faa'iido ah waa in electrodes carbon lagu gubay muddo ka dib, sii kordhaya therebetween masaafada u. In dhamaadka, ARC dhintay soo baxay. Waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in si joogto ah isugu keeno electrodes ah. Sidaas waxaa jiray kala duwan kala duwan, waqti, gacanta iyo habab kale oo la qabsiga, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, u baahan kormeer ku dhow. Waxaa cad in laambad kasta oo noocan oo kale ah waxay ahayd arrin aan caadi ahayn.

The laambad incandescent hore iyo khasaaraha ay

saynisyahan Zhobar isticmaalka la soo jeediyey Faransiiska incandescent nalalka fiilooyinka korontada, ma bedello. Shanzhi, ninka, isku dayeen in ay abuuraan laambad. Lodygin AN, hindisa Ruush waxay soo geliyeen "maanka." Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe guluubka ugu horeysay incandescent iftiin, oo taam u ah dhaqanka. Laakiin core coke waxaa gudaha ahaa mid aad u jilicsan oo jilicsan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, in sibraar galaas waxaa jiray vacuum ku filnayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee waxaa si deg deg ah ku gubi usha. Taas darteed, in bartamihii 1870s on nakalyvaniya laambad go'aansaday inuu ku riday karoos. alifay ayaa mar kale ku soo laabtay arc ah. Waxay ahayd markaa in Paul muuqday Bullseye.

shumac korontada

Nasiib darro, garan mayno sida uu abuurtay shumac. Waxaa laga yaabaa in fikirka waxaa yimid markii Pavel gaaray la nidaamiyo wuxuu iyaga dhigay meeshii ilayska ARC. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda xadiidka ah ayaa lagu rakibay on tareenka (tareen gaar ah, kaas oo daba socday ee Crimean la Alexander Tsar II). Waxaa laga yaabaa in catcher ARC, si lama filaan ah ka qarxay uu studio, ayuu ku tiimbadeen nafta. Waxaa jira legend ah in cafe Paris a Yablochkov filaan ah kooxda laba qalin by dhinaca miis. Ka dibna waxa igu soo dhacday: Ma haysan wax ay isu bahaysanaya! Ha electrodes soo socda waa, ka dib markii insulator fiyuuska, gubasho ee ARC waxay u dhisan iyaga u dhexeeya. Sayidka, electrodes ku gubi doonaa oo gaabin waqti isku mid ah! Sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan, oo dhan cajiib ah - oo kaliya.

Like shumac Yablochkov dunida guulaystay

Yablochkov shumac qalabka runtii fudud. Oo taasuna waxay ahayd iyada oo faa'iido weyn. Ganacsada aadan fahmin technology waxay ahayd la heli karo si ay xaqiiqsadaan macnaha. Taasi waa sababta laambadda Yablochkov degdeg loo arag dunida guulaystay. Its mudaaharaad ugu horeysay lagu qabtay guga ee 1876 ee London. Pavel, ayaa dhawaan ka baxsaday deynta, ku soo laabtay Paris waxaa horey u yaqaan in ay alifay ah. shatiyada Ololaha Hawlgalka ka tirsan waxa ay halkaas dhakhso.

warshad gaar ah waxaa la aasaasay, taas oo soo saaray 8 kun. shumac on joogta ah maalin walba. Waxay noqday highlight ee dukaamada caanka Paris iyo hotels, waddo orod ah oo gudaha iyo opera, dekedda ee Le Havre. nalalka Garland muuqday on wadada Opera - lanooga aan horay loo arag, sheeko cirfiid dhabta ah. On bushimaha qof walba ahaa "dunida Ruush". Waxay u bogi mid ka mid ah warqadaha ku P. I. Chaykovsky. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev sidoo kale qoray ka Paris si uu walaalkiis in Paul Yablochkov abuurtay wax cusub in iftiiminta. Pavel kibir ka dib xusay in korontada ku faafay dunida oo dhan sababta oo ah caasimada Faransiiska iyo aad u hesho maxkamadda ee King of Cambodia oo ah Shah Faaris, oo ma qeybsanaan - ka America in Paris, sida la sheegtay.

"Baabi'inta" shumaca

wax la yaab leh calaamadeeyay taariikhda sayniska! nalalka oo dhan korontada dunida, madax P. N. Yablochkovym ku dhowaayeen shan sano triumphantly dhaqaaqay, dhab ahaantii, on falayaal ah, waddo khaldan. Aad u dheer waarta shumac dabaal, iyo sidoo kale madax bannaani dhaqaale Yablochkov. Shumac ma ahan oo keliya "yaraaday", laakiinse iyadu way taagnaan kari waayeen tartanka iyo laambadaheedii incandescent. Gacan ka dhib this weyn oo wixii ay lahayd oo. Tani waxay hoos u of dhibic iska Ifto Yuuna geedi sari, iyo dabacsanaan.

Dabcan, shuqulka Swann, Lodygina, Maxim, Edison iyo alifay kale Nernst laambad incandescent, markeeda, ma si degdeg ah uga dhaadhiciyo dadka ka faa'idaysigiisa. Auer ee 1891, uu cap on gubi gaaska. cap Tani waxay kordhisaa dhalaalka dambaysta ah. Xataa markaas, waxaa jiray kiisas maamulka go'aansaday inuu bedelo gaaska nalalka korontada ku rakiban. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro nolosha Pavel Nikolayevich waxa uu ahaa cad in laambadda abuuranayeen rajo la'aan. Waa maxay sababta in magaca iyo Abuuraha reer binu "dunida Ruush" ilaa maantadan la joogo waxaa si adag u qoro taariikhda sayniska, iyo in ka badan qarni ah ku hareereysan ixtiraam iyo sharaf?

war abuurashadoodii taasoo la micno ah Yablochkov

Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich ugu horeysay ansixiyey in maskaxda iftiinka korontada. Ilayska, kaas oo shalay oo kaliya ahaa mid aad u dhif ah, ayaa maanta soo dhawaaday qofka dayn inay noqon nooc ka mid ah mucjiso dibada, si uu uga dhaadhiciyo dadka ay mustaqbalka ku faraxsanahay. taariikhda hufada ah iyo halkii ay gaaban been abuurtay this qayb ka ah xalka dhibaatooyin badan oo ku cidhiidhinaya in hor technology waqtiga.

Biography The dheeraad ah Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov

Pavel ku noolaa nolol gaaban, taas oo aan ku faraxsanahay. Ka dib markii Paul Yablochkov abuurtay uu shumac, aad u adag waxa uu ka shaqeeyay dalka, iyo dibadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro ee uu guulaha ku xiga aan la saameeyeen aad u badan si ay horumarka of technology, uu shumac. Shuqullo badan oo ka mid ah Pavel saaray abuurista log ugu horeysay ee korontada ee dalka loo yaqaan "Koronto". Waxa uu bilaabay baxay 1880. Intaa waxaa dheer, 21 March 1879 Pavel akhri warbixin ku saabsan iftiiminta korontada ee Ruush Technical Society ah. Waxa uu la gudoonsiiyey bilad ee Society for guulaha uu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo calaamadihii kuwanu waxay ahaayeen filnayn in Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov la siiyey shuruudo fiican u shaqaynaya. alifay ogaaday in ee dib ugu Russia 1880 baaxadda yar layliga fikradaha ay farsamo. Mid iyaga ka mid ahaa wax soo saarka ee baabuurta korontada ku, kuwaas oo la dhisay Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. Biography kooban oo isaga mar kale xusay dhaqaaqo Paris. Markii uu halkaas ku soo laabtay ee 1880, wuxuu ka iibiyey patent ee Dynamo ah, ka dibna bilaabay diyaarinta, lagu qabtay markii ugu horeysay ka qeyb galaan bandhig Adduunka electrotechnical. Its furitaanka ayaa waxaa la qorsheeyay 1881. Horaantii sanadkan, wuxuu gebi ahaanba isaga qudhiisa u huray in design ah Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich.

Biography kooban oo ka mid ah cilmiga ku dhaco in la alifay Yablochkov at bandhiga ee 1881, in uu helay abaalmarinta ugu sareysa. Waxay mudan yihiin aqoonsi oo ka mid ah tartanka. Isaga oo amar buu sare, iyo Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich noqday xubin ka mid ah xeerbeegtida caalami ah, oo shaqadoodu ahayd in ay dib u soo bandhigaa iyo go'aanka ah in abaalmarinta abaalmarino ah. Waa in la sheegay in this bandhig aad uu noqday guushii ah laambadihii incandescent. Tan iyo waqti in, sida dhimbiil oo koronto waxaa si tartiib ah uu bilaabay in aaan.

matoor koronto - sannadihii danbe Yablochkov ka shaqeeya unugyada electrochemical iyo Dynamo bilaabay. Sida uu Pavel ahaa in shuqullada, waa kacaan in aannu mar. Guulihii waxa laga yaabo inuu marxalad cusub ee injineernimada korontada. Yablochkov inay isha light marnaba ku soo laabtay. In sano ee ku xiga, wuxuu abuurtay dhowr baabuur koronto oo helay shatiyada iyaga on.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee nolosha hindisa ah

In muddo ah ka 1881 si ay u 1893 Yablochkov tijaabo uu ka soo qaadeen xaaladaha wax adag, shaqo joogto ah. Waxa uu ku noolaa Paris, gebi ahaanba Muslim ah in dhibaatooyinka sayniska. Saynisyahanka tijaabinayaan farsamo, codsan fikrado badan oo asalka ah ee ay shaqadooda, socday siyaabo aan la filayn oo aad u dhiirran. Dabcan, wuxuu ka hor gobolka ee farshaxanka, sayniska iyo warshadaha mar ahaa. Qaraxa ayaa, kaas oo ka dhacay inta lagu guda jiro tijaabo ah in uu shaybaarka, ku dhawaad ku kici nolosha Pavel Nikolayevich. dhantaalan joogtada ah ee dhaqaale, iyo sidoo kale cudurada wadnaha, kaas oo ay dhammaan ka gudubtay - waxan oo dhan ayaa hoos ciidamada hindisa ah. Ka dib markii saddex iyo toban sano ka maqnaayeen, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu ku laabto dhulkooda hooyo.

Pavel u tageen inay Russia ee July 1893, laakiin waxa uu noqday mid aad u xanuunsan isla markiiba ka dib markii uu yimid. Waxa uu helay guryaha uu beer socda oo aan rajeyn karto si ay u hagaajiyaan xaaladooda dhaqaale. Si wada jir ah xaaskiisa iyo wiilkiisa Pavel la degeen hotel Saratov. Waxa uu sii waday tijaabo uu xitaa marka buka iyo saboolka.

Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich, furitaanka kaas oo si adag u qoro taariikhda sayniska, u dhintay cudurka wadnaha ee da'da 47 sano (ee 1894), taasoo ah magaalada Saratov. Isaga oo fikradaha iyo shuqullada our hooyo ku faani.