Mudaaharaadka Copper: sababaha, dhacdooyinka, cawaaqibka

Mudaaharaadka Copper - tani waa dhacdo weyn ee taariikhda Russia, kacdoonkii ee saboolka reer magaalka iyo fasalada hoose, kaas oo ka dhacay Moscow inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Alexei Mikhailovich. Fikradda ah "fallaago copper" waxa uu noqday isku. Waxa loo isticmaalaa mar kasta oo aad u baahan tahay inaad faallo ka qiimo dhaca lacagta iyo kicitaan ee gobolka.

Mudaaharaadka Copper: sababaha iyo xaaladda taariikhiga ah

gobolka Moscow dagaallameen dheer Ukraine ka dhanka ah Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, waayo, wixii la qaatay tiro aad u badan oo ah ilaha dhaqaale. Waxaa jiray yaraanta lacagta. kayd u gaar ah macdanaha qaaliga ah, kuwaas oo lacag qabtay waqti, Russia ma jirin, si ay laga keeno dibadda. Reexaanta ayaa isticmaalay lacag shisheeye si ay u sameeyaan iyaga Ruush - beesad dinaar iyo lacag.

Xaaladda yimid in Boyar Ordin-Nashchokin bixiyey hab aad u muranka soo baxay, si lacagta birta ah copper, reexaanta at qiimaha wejiga lacag ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, canshuurta ayaa wali la soo ururiyay lacag ah, laakiin mushaarkooda ayaa la soo saaray iyadoo lacagta qadaadiicda cusub copper. Laga bilaabo 1654 qadaadiicda copper ah ayaa si rasmi ah u soo bandhigay galay wareegga halkii lacag.

Marka hore, wax kasta oo u baxay sidii dowladda loo qorsheeyay: lacag cusub la aqbalay at qiimaha lacagta qadaadiicda lacag jir. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan ay bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan lacagta cajiib ah, waxa aan ahaa sababta oo ah dhibaato copper. Maxkamadaha xardhan ee Moscow, Pskov, Novgorod, ka shaqeeya awoodda buuxda. Feed siin lacag shqsiga xaaqan Russia, sidaas ugu dhaqsaha badan u dalbadaan lacag ayaa bilaabay in ay si degdeg ah u koraan, iyo awoodda wax iibsiga oo ka mid ah lacagta birta ah copper dhacay.

Waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa bilaabay marka hore, ka dibna sicir bararka xasuuqday Schalke ah. Dowladda ayaa diiday in ay aqbalaan lacag copper in canshuurta, si hore daraakmo oo lacag ah ayaa si dheeraysa ugu qiimaha, waayo, mid jir Ruble lacag la siiyey 15 ilaa 20 copper cusub. baayacmushtariyadii u tageen inay suuqa oo lacag copper macno eryay gaariyo, halka copper waxaa qiimo dhaca maalin kasta. Citizens argagax, waayo, lacagta qadaadiicda copper waxba iibsan kari waayay, laakiin meelna waxaa jiray in ay lacag ku qaataan.

Laakiin dowladda ma aysan dooneynin inay qirto khaladka ah ee falalkiisa, iyo caado ahayd in ay eegaan eed dhinaca. Keeni gebiyo ee sicir bararka ayaa lagu magacaabay counterfeiters. Show tijaabooyin bilaabay si ay u degaan ee dalka. Waayo, wax soo saarka ee ay xukunka lacagta birta ah "Left" marka waxaa jiray mid keliya, rigoore aan naxariis lahayn. Sida laga soo xigtay biraha eed ku shubtay Mire Waqaf oo dahab la shubay ah in cunaha.

Dhibaatadu waxay ahayd in lacagta birta ah la sameeyey oo ah naxaas ku dhawaad qof kasta oo qaadan kara laga yaabaa in yar oo bir ah. "Kotelniki iyo olovyanniki" halka ballaaran koray hodan, ay awoodaan in ay guri dhagax ah la dhiso, iibsadaan alaab qaali ah. Maxaa yeelay, mid kasta oo lahaa gaar qadaadiic barxadda yar. qadaadiicda copper been abuurka ah ee Moscow oo keliya waxaa jiray ka badan nus milyan.

Mudaaharaadka Copper: dhacdooyinka

Subaxnimadii June 25, 1662 Old Style ku jirta ee Lubyanka ee Moscow ayaa waxaa ku dhegi warqad xagg, kaas oo loo yaqaan noqonin Khaa'in u Rtishchev Miloslavsky iyo marti Basil Shorin. Dhab ahaantii ay u sabab ah xiriirka la Poland, kaas oo ilaa hadda wuxuu ahaa dagaal ah. Eedeyntan ayaa waxay ahaayeen gebi ahaanba sabab, laakiin dadka ayaa loo baahan yahay cudur daar kasta si ay u bilaabaan cadhoodaan.

dadkii badnaa ka mid ah dhowr kun oo qof, ka dib markii fariin this reading, aadeen tuulo reer Kolomenskoye - joogitaanka xagaaga boqorka ka. Guard crumpled, iyo dad xor ah ka qarxay barxadda reer boqor. Alexis u sheegay Rtishchev Miloslavsky iyo haraggiisii in guryihii ay boqoraddu samaysay, oo isna wuxuu u soo baxay inay dadka. Ka dibna waxaa uu ahaa muuqaalka aasaaskiisii oo dhammu bulshada iyo Buzadag jebin. Lahaanshada hareereeyeen Alexei Mikhailovich, iyo macno ahaan haysta badhamada labbiska boqorka, wax weyddiiyey: "Halkee waa run," wada hadalka waxa uu ahaa mid aad u nabad, iyo gar gooyo yaboohay dadka si loo soo celiyo si ay. Mid ka mid ah mucaaradka xitaa "dhuftay on gacmihiisa la boqorka." Ka dib markii in, dadkii badnaa hoos amusin oo waxay bilaabeen in ay kala eryaan. Dhacdadan ayaa u muuqday in la daalan. Laakiin maanta oo kale ayaa loo dhoofiyay si loo soo afjaro kala duwan.

dadkii badnaa kale waqtigan guriga jebiyey Shorin, iyo dhallaanka ina dhigay in ay qoraan qirashada in aabbihiis lagu eedeeyay iibiyey oo polish ah oo si gaar ah loo qabanqaabiyaa ganay lacagta copper si ay uga caawiyaan cadowga neceb yahay. Iyada oo ay tahay "Aqoonsiga" ka soo gaartay fallaagada loola cararay in Kolomenskoye, jiidaya back to kuwa horay waxaa ka soo noqday. Wakhtigan boqorka ahaa oo ku saabsan si ay u tagaan Moscow si ay u baaraan kiiska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Mucaaradka hanjabaad cusub isagii ka qaaday naftiisa. From Moscow by markaas adkeeyay qaansoleydii oo askari. Iyo Alexei Mikhailovich amartay Artamonov Matveyev khawano mucaaradka.

Waxaa bilowday gumaadka this. Dadkii badnaa ayaa ahaa hubaysnayn. Dadka la jajabiyey, Maanshaynay webiga, mindi oo ka gooyay. Oo isla maalintaas, ay ku dhinteen in ka badan kun qof. In ka maalmood ee soo socda, ay ka qaybgalayaashu culus raadisay tug ah Kolomenskoye ah, la xiray, la deldelay, gacmaha iyo cagaha gooyay, ku tilmaamay, hijrooday Moscow masaafurintii joogto ah. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadka la xiray ayaa lagu qasbay in ay qoraan ka yeerin inay is barbar dhigaan qornayd in buugyarahan ee dhicisoobay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dilaaliinta run helay oo ku guuldareystay.

caasinimo Copper in 1662 ay aheyd qaab ciyaareed ka mid ah kuwan saboolka ah ee magaalooyinka - saanacyadii, beeralayda, hiliblayaasha, masaakiinta maxaliga ah. From ganacsatada iyo dadka fasalka ka sareeya ma aysan qaadan ma jirto qayb. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay in la soo xiro a xiga ee rabshad wadayaasha.

Sidaas darteed rabshad saameysey abbaaraha saddex kun oo qof, oo intooda badan oo iyaga ka mid ahaayeen dadkii badnaa oo keliya cajiib ah.

Mudaaharaadka Copper: Saameynta

Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu dhawray Ballamay iyo dhibaatada lacagta qadaadiicda copper ka qabtaan. In 1663, warshadaha xardhan Novgorod iyo Pskov la xirey, iyo lacagta qadaadiicda copper waxaa gebi ahaanba ka baxay wareegga. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay coinage lacag lacag. qadaadiic copper A ayaa waxaa lagu amray in ay uriyo kululeeyaha ama u noqotay in khasnadda quduuska ah. lacagta caddaanka ah Copper badelay waayo lacagta qadaadiicda cusub oo lacag ah ayaa weli heerka sicir-bararka ee labaatan ka mid ah, la, gobolka ayaa si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay in rubles copper jir ahaayeen gudaheedana sinaba uma bixiyo. Mushaaraadka ahaayeen ugu dhakhsaha badan mar kale inuu bixiyo lacag.